Textual research on Ding Wenjiang's family background

Linlin

(Taixing Huangqiao Historical and Cultural Research Association, Taixing Literature and Art Federation)

Ding Wenjiang's family history materials have been extremely scarce. The author is a descendant of Mr. Ding Wenjiang's hometown. He has lived in Huangqiao for decades. He admired this rural saint since he was a child, so he also attached great importance to his family background. In recent years, I have collected Genealogy of Lvyetang and Genealogy of Kaisanfang, and visited many Ding Shi clansmen, so that I have a better understanding of Ding Wenjiang's family background. Now I will sort out my investigation and study for readers.

First, the Green Field Hall Ding Wenjiang and Shi Ding

There are many Shi Ding in Huangqiao, known as the "five sects". Since Mu Chun, the 11th ancestor of Ding Wenjiang, this "Ding" has been divided into three hall numbers (the name of a family in the old days), one is Songmao Hall, the other is Weishan Hall and the other is Lvye Hall. Ding Wenjiang's family belongs to Songmaotang, which is a well-known fact for the descendants of the older Songmaotang. According to Ding Jia, Songmaotang and Weishantang originally had genealogies, but they were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. The year before last, we found a genealogy of Shi Ding in Lvyetang, Dingzhuang, East of Huangqiao. This 12 volume of woodcut genealogy was reconstructed on the basis of genealogy in the fifth year of Qing Daoguang (1825) and the first year of Guangxu (1875). According to the records in the score, when Daoguang revised the score for five years, Ding Chun (word Gu Yuan), the great-grandfather of Ding Wenjiang, participated in it as a member of Ding Shi. According to the spectrum, in the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing (18 19), Dingzhuang people advocated the revision of the spectrum, but it was difficult to carry out the revision because of the "long time, the old spectrum did not remain". In order to make this business, the professional music composer Zi Zi (known as Pu) came up with a bad idea, saying, "If the genealogy is interrupted, you can use a pseudonym." This opinion was opposed by most Ding Shi clansmen, who said, "How can the names of ancestors be fabricated casually?" The restoration of music ran aground. After Gao Zuding of Ding Wenjiang had an idea, the problem was solved. Sun Zengnian, the 16th generation (equivalent to Ding Wenjiang's great-great-grandfather Qiao Nian), wrote in the Preface to Branches (here "branch" refers to the genealogy in Green Field Hall): "My nephew in Yiguyuan returned to his hometown from Yuan, and after consulting him, he said,' I heard that my family has a proposal to compile genealogy, why is it not feasible?' Yu Yue said, "If you edit the music score, you will be sincere and beautiful. If it is like a sea of stars, why not welcome it?' The ancient garden said,' why not divide the spectrum?' Yu Lingxiao said that he was very happy to think that he was close to the truth, and he agreed to choose an auspicious writing branch. "

Ding Chun not only put forward the feasible suggestion of pruning spectrum, but also participated in the work of pruning spectrum. Yizheng county magistrate said in the preface to Genealogy: "During my summer tour, I got Ding Junrong's biography and Rong Jishu's book, and compiled a genealogy book by hand. His uncles ranked in,,,, Xi Nian, Zucheng, Yuting, Gu Yuan, Xi 'a (according to the author, Ding Wenjiang's second great-grandfather Ding Gui, from the article" My Home ")" Nephew of Guyuan. The ancestor of Shi Ding in Lvyetang is the ancestor of Ding Chun in Songmaotang, and undoubtedly the ancestor of Ding Wenjiang.

Second, the time when Shi Ding moved to Huangqiao.

There are two opinions about when Shi Ding moved to Huangqiao, The Genealogy of Shi Ding in Lvyetang. Zhang Fu, a native of Taixing, was born in "Preface to Genealogy" written in the third year of Daoguang (1823). He said, "Yu Jiazhang lived in the Qinghe River before he occupied his native land, which is similar to He." Cha Zhang and He Er both moved to Taixing in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Shi Ding should have moved to Taixing in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, judging from the words "at the same time", this is only a general statement. Sun Tianlin, the 18th Shi Ding, wrote in the Preface to Shi Ding Genealogy in the 18th year of Guangxu (1892): "My ancestors lived in Taixing ... from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty (according to the Qing Dynasty), I followed the rope and built it for hundreds of years."

On the other hand, in the 13th year of Daoguang (1833), Sun Zunnian, the 16th Shi Ding, wrote "Postscript of Rebuilding Genealogy": "My family lived in Dingzhuang for more than 500 years from Yuanming to Han." Although there are many people who hold the "Southern Song Theory" in the preface, there are few people who hold the "Meta Theory". We still think the latter statement is more credible. The genealogy in Shi Ding Genealogy introduces the ancestor Huaiguan Gong: "Huaiguan, Buju Dingzhuang started in Gong, was born in Ding You Year (1357), and died in Guimao Year of Yongle (1423). Zhao was born in Jihai (1359) and died in Xuande (1429). " Shi Ding was born more than 70 years after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. How did Shi Ding move to Taixing in the Southern Song Dynasty? It can be concluded that Ding Wenjiang's ancestors moved to Taixing in the Yuan Dynasty, and the "Southern Song Dynasty Theory" is just a compliment.

It should also be noted that the first stop for Ding Wenjiang's ancestors to move into Taixing was not Huangqiao, but Dingzhuang, 6 kilometers southeast of Huangqiao. This point has been mentioned before, just briefly. In the Preface to Branches, it is said in more detail: "The ancestors lived in Dingzhuang, Taixing, with a history of years. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the family voice increased. The heir is a melon, which lasted from the Ming Dynasty to the Dynasty. It is deeply rooted and has many descendants and scattered all over the country. In the year of Wanli, Gao Yu's great-grandfather Mu Chungong built Yongfeng Town (now huangqiao town) from Dingzhuang, and the church structure came down in one continuous line (metaphorically inheriting the ancestral business). " From this passage, we can know that Ding Wenjiang's ancestors moved to Dingzhuang only after they moved to Taixing, and moved from Dingzhuang to Huangqiao only during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Wanli begins at 1573 and ends at 1620. In other words, 400 years have passed since Ding Wenjiang's ancestors moved into Huangqiao. We once interviewed Ding Wenjiang's 90-year-old uncle Ding Shanshao. When we told him this history, he suddenly realized, "It's strange that when I was a child, I used to go to Dingzhuang with my father to worship my ancestors. It turned out that Ding Zu was there. "

As for when Shi Ding moved into Dingzhuang, there is no record on the spectrum. Just to test the cloud in Wanxing Tongpu: the real name is Ding, and later people take the word as their surname. Looking out from Jiyang, the source of Shi Ding is here. "This tells us that Qi Taigong (Jiang Taigong) is the oldest ancestor of Shi Ding, and its county is located in Jiyang. But that was a long time ago. Shi Ding moved directly from Shandong to Taixing in the Yuan Dynasty, or moved to other places first, and then moved to Dingzhuang in Taixing. There is no record in the spectrum. The descendants of Dante's family are the same, and Ding's family moved from Nagato, Suzhou. Professor Ding Huang from the Department of History of National Taiwan University thinks so, so I won't say anything about it for the time being.

Third, the lineage of Shi Ding and the generation of Ding Wenjiang.

From the genealogy table of Shi Ding Genealogy, we can see that Huaiguan Gong was the first ancestor who moved to Taixing, the second was Daoxing, Daohui and Daozan, the third was Shicheng, the fifth was Sizhi, the seventh was Tudor, Ping, Xuan and Wan, and the eighth was Tudor.

"Shi Ding Genealogy" records: "Wen Jun's second son, Hongqi, was born on July 27th in Wanli Gui You and died on August 20th in Shunzhi Shen Jia." In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), Sun Jizong, the 19th Shi Ding, introduced: "Respect the public and follow the ten ancestors. It is said that Jing Huaigong gave birth to three sons: Chang Sichun Gong, the second Mu Chungong and the second Fuchun Gong. Sangong was born in Dingzhuang and has a strong tendency. Zhuo Zhuo is very strong in our family. Later, Sichun and Muchun moved to Yongfeng Town in the northwest of Zhuang, and only Fuchun lived here, that is, following the eleventh ancestor. " From this passage, we can also know that Fuchungong has been living in Dingzhuang and has not moved to Huangqiao (many years later, Fuchungong's descendants also moved to Huangqiao). Ding Wenjiang is definitely not after the spring palace, so is Ding Wenjiang the spring palace or the spring palace? Although Ding Wenjiang's contemporaries (there are still many people alive in Huangqiao, but their ages are quite different) and their descendants all call themselves Songmaotang people, we are still not at ease. When we look up the Book of the Green Field, there is no record, but there is a pedigree table of the Four Spring Palace. From the Four Spring Palace to the eighteenth century, there are no names of Ding Wenjiang Gao Zuchun (seventeenth century) and his great-grandfather Ren Qing (eighteenth century), which can be inferred by exclusion. As for why there was no genealogy table of Mu Chungong, it was not clear at that time, or whether Songmaotang wanted to create another genealogy was unknown. Only by finding Songmaotang's genealogy in the future can we uncover this secret.

What I want to point out here is that there are some mistakes in the book Interview with Mr. Ding (Ding is the cousin of Ji 'an, the father of Ding Wenjiang) published in 199 1 by Liu Yu, Institute of Modern History, Taiwan Province Provincial Academia Sinica. There was a list of Ding lineage in the book, which is now copied as follows:

Geological history series

Ding also made a list for Ding Wenjiang's great-great-grandfather Qiao Niangong:

Geological history series

Comparing these two tables with the historical materials such as Genealogy of Shi Ding and Open Local Records, we can find that they have at least these problems:

(1) Jing Huaigong lived in Dingzhuang all his life and did not move into Huangqiao, so he should not be regarded as the ancestor of Shi Ding descendants of Huangqiao.

(2) Fuchungong, the third son of Jing Huaigong, also lives in Dingzhuang. Si Chungong and Mu Chungong moved to Huangqiao, and Ding and Ding Wenjiang were both after Mu Chungong. In the first table, Mr Mei Ting mistook Fuchun Palace for his second ancestor.

(3) Generally speaking, the lineage of a surname should be counted from the first generation who moved into the county. As far as Shi Ding is concerned, it should be counted from the fact that the first generation of Huai Guan Gong moved to Dingzhuang. Huaiguan Gong was the first generation, then moved to Huangqiao, and then to Dingzhuang. Mu Chungong should be Shi Ding XI, Ding Wenjiang's great-great-grandfather Qiao Niangong and the 16th Zeng Niangong should be peers, and they should also be the 16th. Ding Wenjiang's great-great-grandfather Ding Chun should be seventeen.

That's how Ding Chun himself arranged it. Although he was a member of Songmaotang, Ding Chun was invited as a co-director when he compiled "Green Field Hall Spectrum" in the fifth year of Daoguang (1825). This is written on the title page of the first volume of genealogy:

Reconstruction of genealogy in Daoguang for five years

Geological history series

Ding Chun also participated in the compilation of Fourteen Travel Rules, which was signed by the 16th Sun Zengnian, 17th Sun Rong, 17th Sun Chun and 17th Sun Dehua. According to this arrangement, Ding Wenjiang should be the 2nd1grandson of Shi Ding, not the 2nd1grandson. Mr. Ding's arrangement is inappropriate. He has lost nine generations of ancestors.

(4) Among the descendants of Qiao Nangong expelled by Mr. Wang, the eldest son Chun and the second son Gui are basically correct, and the third son Kai is wrong except Kai himself. The names listed are all descendants of Lvyetang. According to the Genealogy of Kai San Shi collected by later generations and Mr. Ding Ya, this column should be supplemented as follows:

Geological history series

Fourth, the glory of Shi Ding's ancestors.

In the preface written by Zhang Fu, there is a passage: "Shi Ding's native place (now Taixing City) has been prolonged for a long time. In modern times, many children wrote poetry books and changed their names to be officials ..." It can be seen that Shi Ding has always been a scholarly family, and there are many officials with fame and fortune. Born in Gong Sheng, Zeng Nian summed up the six highlights of Shi Ding's ancestors with a set of parallelism sentences:

"My Shi Ding is Mu Chunhong, Xingxian is filial, and rural drinking is heavy; Millet to solve hunger, just ask Ye Zhao; Lei is just a family, and the five generations are different; Go to China for sightseeing and read new things; Bai Zhou Yajie, Cai Ye; The order is loud, and the British people are eager for it. " That is to say, since Muchun Palace, Ding Shi clan members have always respected virtue and filial piety and have been respected by the village. In the famine year, donating food for disaster relief, the just behavior has been obvious; Family harmony, five generations under one roof, happy; Outstanding achievements, was chosen to go to Kyoto for sightseeing; After the death of a woman's husband, she kept her virginity and never remarried, and her deeds were recorded in the county annals; People who study have excellent academic performance and a good reputation, which has produced many outstanding talents.

The above is a general introduction to the distant ancestors. The situation of Ding Wenjiang's high-impedance Qiao Nian was below the Gong era. In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), there are more specific records in Taixing County Records, which are now excerpted and transcribed for the second time:

Qiao Nian (great-grandfather of Ding Wenjiang) is called Nanyou and Nanqiao. Guo Zisheng. Gan Longzhong, the eldest father (grandfather) Shao Zong, lost his huge disaster relief and won the Excellence Award. In recent 20 years, neighboring cities have been flooded and elk have been exiled. Joe and his brother introduced the International Year and helped with the relief. Save lives and do all kinds of good deeds on weekdays. Facing it, I asked Zichun to be a righteous village to support his family.

Toona sinensis (Ding Wenjiang's great grandfather) is an ancient garden. Wei garrison (the official in charge of grain transportation), Wei, was transferred to Mianyang The military families in Chu were separated, and the rulers were decided. Every time a lawsuit is built, dysprosium is studied in vain, and the word is unanimous. Let Yuan get up, mother will be ill.

Gui (Ding Wenjiang's second great-grandfather), also known as Xiling, is a Qiao Nian middleman. Guo Zisheng. Li Quan is a judge in Quzhou and a Tongzhi in Taizhou. Taiwan Province Binhai, private businessmen make thieves. If you punish others, especially those in Guangxi, you must be punished by others, so that you can do other business. Li Xian said: "When the sea overflows, people and animals will die without houses, and people will investigate them and provide relief. At first, a fire broke out and the pond workers were destroyed, but there was no official report. The official went to Guangxi to investigate. Inconvenient people feed huge sums of money, and Verne actually heard it. Governor Lin Zexu said: It was calm and memorable. People who are calm for more than a year will live longer. The consequences will be old.

In addition, Ding Wenjiang's two great-grandfathers were awarded a jury. One is Ming Shou (Mei Ting's father), who was awarded a jury in Guangxu three years (1877) and served as an Oracle in Suining County, Jiangsu Province. One is Yi Ming, the word stone symbol. Guangxu five years (1879) juren. In the same column as Han (Zishi), chairman of Jiangsu provincial government in the early years of the Republic of China. Ding 50 th, Han Jun 96 th.

Ding Wenjiang also has an uncle, Cao, who was born a scholar and tasted the Book of Filial Piety. Uncle Yan and his wife often come to Huang Qiao Ding's home from Suzhou, which seems to have an influence on Wenjiang's study. Another said that Ding Wenjiang studied under his uncle for a year.

It should be added here that although Gao Zuchun of Ding Wenjiang is enthusiastic about social welfare undertakings, he is said to have done something completely wrong. In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), Taixing experienced drought first, then waterlogging, and the crops failed. The tenant borrowed food from him for a living, and Li Zhen, the magistrate of a county, also went out, but he resolutely refused. As a result, public anger was aroused, and Wang Shunnian and Yin led farmers to riot, ransacking all the granaries of Ding family and destroying some houses. Of course, this incident will not be recorded in the county annals, but the flood in Daoguang 19 is a fact, and it is also a fact that Ding's family was looted. Up to now, there are still two words circulating among the people: "February 1200 peanuts, March 12 grab the big toon." During the Guangxu period, someone compiled a ballad book "The Story of Robbery", describing the process of this incident. There are 4,000 sentences in the book, mainly seven sentences, with cross sentences in the middle. Many slang words in Taixing dialect are easy to understand. This book is widely circulated in the central part of Jiangsu Province, and the author still retains the manuscript of this book. However, according to the author's research, the fictional elements in the book are very heavy and there are many untrue words.

Five, Shi Ding's family business.

Shi Ding was a noble family before he moved to Huangqiao, but his heyday was in the hands of Ding Wenjiang's great-grandfather Ding Chun. Ding Chun has been a five-product official for many years, responsible for grain transportation, supplying the capital or supporting military supplies, and understanding the grain price difference across the country. His uncle opened a rice shop earlier in the year, so the three brothers Ding Chun started the grain business one after another and made a lot of money. Ding Chun's rice shop is in front of five houses on the east side of the mansion, and the house number is Ding Wanchang. The second brother Ding Gui's shop number is Ding, and the third brother's shop number is Ding. Later, people opened rice shops one after another, and the alley where his family lived was called Mixiang, which has been passed down to this day. There is a well-known songbook describing the prosperity of Huangqiao market at that time, saying, "Cloth lanes are all selling cloth, and Mi Xiang is called Mi …", so we can imagine the lively scene of Mi Xiang at that time.

After Ding Chun became rich, he bought a lot of land and houses, with a single room 100, and an inner garden behind the house, covering an area of 500㎡. On the left side of the mansion, there is an outer garden called Dongshan Villa, covering an area of 5400m2. The land yield is unknown. However, according to the Records of Taixing County in Guangxu period, when Shi Ding Yizhuang was built in the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), Ding Chun donated 1056 for the first time. 93 mu of land, 75 market houses (for opening stores or living). The second donation includes 3 14.35 mu of land, 24 houses, 313,765,438 mu of land and 99 houses. He donated so much, so you can imagine how much property he has. According to Mr. Mei Ting's estimation, the land is between 5000 and 10000 mu, and Ding Chun is believed to have declared millions to the emperor.

Ding Jiazhi's wealth can also be seen from the naming of two alleys. Generally speaking, streets and alleys are owned by the public, but these two alleys are private alleys because they were originally in residential areas in Shi Ding. These two alleys, one called "Wanchang Lane", are between Shi Ding Mansion and Midian and Waihuayuan, and are named after Ding Wanchang, a native of Midian. The other is called "Rank Two Rooms Lane", which is on the right side of the house. The residents of this alley were originally descendants of Ding Wenjiang's second tallest ancestor. Yinnian, hence the name "Rank Erfang Lane". Later, with the changes of the times and residents, it became a public alley, but the names of the two hutongs remained. In addition, the Ding family also has a family temple called Chunyang Palace, which is located at the junction of Mixiang Lane and Dixiang Lane. There are three rooms in the temple, facing south, dedicated to the statue of Lv Chunyang. After the founding of New China, idols were demolished and temples were changed into residential houses. Now it is a private kindergarten.

Huangqiao people have a saying about Ding Jiafu. It is said that Ding Jiasheng is in the dragon land, and the lost lane is the dragon body. There are five lanes on both sides of Mi Lane, Ma Lane, North Lane and Underground Lane in the south, and Rank 2 Lane and Wanchang Lane in the north. These five roads are dragon claws. There is a big pond at the eastern end of Mi Xiang, and there is a big dome in the pond. Locals call it Zhuanshui Wharf, with variegated trees planted on it. This is a dragon ball. Huangqiao people say that Ding Jia occupies such a treasure house of five-claw golden dragon hydrangea. How can it be underdeveloped and out of reach? Of course, this is just a legend, but several alleys and ponds are still there, except that the mound was ripped off during the Cultural Revolution. They heard that there was treasure hidden in the mound, and organized manpower to dig it, but found nothing.

Note: The statement that Shi Ding moved to Taixing in the Southern Song Dynasty is credible. In the history of China, there have been three population movements due to wars or natural disasters. The first time was the invasion of Xiongnu in the Western Jin Dynasty, and a large number of conference semifinals went south. The second time was the Southern Song Dynasty (1 127 ~ 1276). All parts of North China were ruled by Jin people, and the Southern Song government moved its capital to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou). For the third time, Jurchen moved into the Yellow River valley, and a large number of Han people in the former Yellow River valley were forced to move into the Yangtze River valley and the Pearl River valley again. In this great migration, Shi Ding may have moved to Taixing.