What are the contents of the beauty of water rhyme and mountain soul in southern Shaanxi?

I admit, I copied it, but I put my heart into it.

The representative of southern Shaanxi is Qinling Mountain, a mountain range with completely different scenery from north to south, the dividing line between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the karst rocks in Zhashui Cave, and the natural and harmonious landscapes in several animal nature reserves at the southern foot of Qinling Mountain. It's amazing that a Qinling Mountain gives birth to so many gestures.

Popular news of crying and marrying in southern Shaanxi

"Weeping to marry" is a ritual and traditional custom for girls in southern Shaanxi when they get married. "Weeping to marry" is not really sad, but actually the joy of "tying the knot" and "singing to marry" with tears. The so-called "crying" is not really crying, but a unique sad rhyme to express and express the feelings of the married person, so it is called "crying wedding song".

The content of "crying" can be divided into three types. One is "crying relatives", which is carried out the night before the wedding or before the arrival of people who greet relatives. "Cry" to stop parents and then "cry" to brothers and sisters. Through "crying", it is difficult to tell the parents' gratitude for their upbringing and to give up the feelings of brothers and sisters; Please, brothers and sisters should honor their elderly parents and take good care of their younger brothers and sisters.

For example, Crying Brothers and Sisters:

If I cry, my brother will cry too. It's hard to cut my countrymen. Brother and sister-in-law treat their sister as well as possible, and they bother and work hard for her; This little sister hasn't reported yet, and she has to be two years old. My parents' sister is filial.

The second is to "cry" hundreds of guests. Two days before the girl got married, relatives and friends sent items (such as quilts, sheets, clothes and shoes). And those who get married are told by the masses to "frame" and "cry" one by one.

The third is "crying to welcome relatives" (also known as "crying friends"). This is after the wedding ceremony, and it is also the end of "crying marriage". Sing with opposite meanings such as "cry", "laugh" and "sarcastic scold", such as "cry for red leaves, bow down and worship";

"The wedding banquet is so early, and the crows and magpies in that tree haven't returned to their nests yet." "Mr. Ali is like a cow. He walked slowly and deliberately fed you a handful of grass, lest you be insatiable and miss the time. "

"Red leaves match two ends, not friends don't get together."

It is said that this kind of "crying and cursing" is a welcome and thanks to the wedding guests. This custom is popular in the rural areas of Qinba Mountain area.

Father's Day in Southern Shaanxi

Foreigners have Christmas and Valentine's Day, while China people have Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. In recent years, they have established Mother's Day, Old Age Day and Teacher's Day. So are there any festivals specially set up for husbands? There is one in southern Shaanxi. This time-honored "Father's Day" is on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month. At that time, all the sons-in-law in Danjiang Valley rushed to their in-laws to celebrate the festival for their parents-in-law.

Around the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, the tense "three summers" have come to an end. Wheat has been ground into the cupboard, autumn grain has been hoed twice, rice seedlings have been tillered and jointing, and the first thing that cultivators think of is to report the summer harvest to their parents-in-law. The married daughter has been busy with work for a long time and is eager to visit her parents at home. Children also want to see kind grandparents as soon as possible. So this "Father's Day" came into being.

On this day, eight couples from four townships led their children, carrying peach-shaped steamed buns steamed with newly harvested wheat flour and fresh peaches, apricots and plum blossoms picked from the orchard, and ran to their husband's family with joy. People around Zhulinguan cooked a pot of brown rice as a memorial gift for her husband. Husbands also packed wine sets for their son-in-law, daughter and grandson as soon as possible, hoping that the son-in-law family would come early. At the banquet, after toasting the old people, you can punch and drink, and it is not illegal for Weng Xu to shout "Er Hao". In particular, families with many daughters are more lively, usually "the old son-in-law falls for the new son-in-law" and "the older son-in-law falls for the younger son-in-law", and they don't return until they are drunk. The wine was delicious, and the little grandson went home with his parents carrying the steamed bread specially baked by his grandparents.

Song of mourning

After the death of an old man in southern Shaanxi, he usually goes through several procedures: washing his body, mortuary, entering the coffin, closing the coffin and funeral. It used to be three days, but now it's mostly one day and one night. From the wake, funeral songs are an indispensable form of singing in funeral ceremonies.

During the wake, in order to mourn the dead and comfort people, mourners will invite singers to sing the filial piety, and some singers will come uninvited. Most singers are amateurs. They will sing all kinds of filial piety songs, and some will improvise according to the age, gender and family situation of the deceased. Some people sing, some duets, some lead singers, and some people continue to sing or chorus. The instruments that accompany the funeral songs are drums and gongs, or they sing while knocking, or sing a passage, and then beat a certain time, such as "Three Drinking Water" and "Sparrow in Gone with the Times".

On the day of the morgue, the indoor mourning hall was decorated, incense, candles, fire paper and firecrackers were lit in the outdoor courtyard. The singer's opening gongs and drums described the decoration of the mourning hall and the "filial piety" of filial piety to men and women, and the children at the wake could not help crying.

During the wake, filial sons and daughters should go out to receive relatives, friends and neighbors who come to mourn. As soon as undertaker entered the mourning hall, the singer sang the filial piety. In-laws have their filial songs, and friends have their filial songs. If there are in-laws' filial piety songs:

"In-laws are like silkworms,

I have been diligent and thrifty all my life.

I have suffered a lot for my son and daughter,

In order to accumulate this meager wealth,

Just say you live a happy and long life,

Who knew that he had already left this world,

……

You have a pair of good children,

You can also smile in Jiuquan. "

It's getting late, the hall is brightly lit inside and outside, and the funeral home is used by singers and relatives and friends who come to mourn. Shortly after dinner, the singer continued to sing sad songs, such as Missing My Parents in December and Die in the West. Relatives and friends also sing filial piety classics, such as Twenty-four Filial Pieties and Twelve Sages. In the middle of the night, the leader circled the coffin clockwise, and the dutiful son held incense in the back, which was called "turning incense". During the singer's intermission, the funeral home entertained the singer with refreshments and moistened his throat with sugar water. At dawn, the singer slowly walked out of the mourning hall, went outdoors and sang the song "Return to the Sun". After the funeral, the singer sang the soul song again, and the dutiful son then burned incense and kowtowed.

"The corpse can't see the sky, and the coffin can't be covered." Before closing the coffin, filial families and close relatives should take a look at the face of the deceased, that is, "passing away", and then close the coffin.

The funeral was held the next morning. The coffin was carried on a wooden pole with a dragon's tail engraved on it. The singer sang "Kay Long Ge", and the dutiful son and daughter took the white fiber tied to the coffin in front, followed by relatives and friends to see him off. On the way to the funeral, singers beat gongs and drums to clear the way, sing mountains when they meet mountains, sing water when they meet trees, and cheer those who struggle with prayer songs.

Amid the sound of gongs and drums and firecrackers, filial piety songs sang all the way to the graveyard. When buried, the "five grains" were sown first, and the dutiful son took Five Blessingg and planted soil to give thanks.

Mourning song is a ritual song popular in southern Shaanxi for a long time. Its lyrics are straightforward and graceful, and its contents include admonition, feudal superstition and so on. With the development of spiritual civilization construction, cremation is advocated and funeral songs have new contents.

Interesting talk about calling sister-in-law in southern Shaanxi

The farmer in southern Shaanxi is obviously a daughter-in-law, but his sister-in-law calls her "sister". Why are you called sister-in-law if you don't call her sister-in-law?

In the past, when people in southern Shaanxi talked about marriage, they only called their sister-in-law the eldest sister, showing their respect and affection for the girl, and renamed her sister-in-law when they passed the door. With the change of life, people's family concept has also changed, and mother-in-law is not the enemy. Many mothers-in-law feel sorry for their daughters and treat them as daughters: while daughters-in-law respect their mothers more than their biological mothers. Therefore, brothers and sisters are called sister-in-law, thinking that this is more cordial. Over time, everyone feels that this title is conducive to family harmony. Learn from each other and gradually form a style.

Meat Customs in Southern Shaanxi

Killing pigs in southern Shaanxi is very particular. First of all, we should choose a Singles Day as an auspicious day. Secondly, when killing pigs, the blade should be outward. After killing the pig, paste the pig's blood on the pigsty with a piece of white paper, which is called "blood money", indicating that the trough is prosperous. Later, I dared to invite my son-in-law's relatives and friends and the pig slayer to have soup. When cooking, the chef should cut a piece from the pig's head to the pig's tail, which means feeding the pig for one year, with a head and a tail, and then curing the pork.

People in southern Shaanxi visit relatives and friends, and pork is the best gift. Eating pork is more important in Bashan area. Children are not allowed to eat pig's trotters at any time. It is said that they should share power with adults and not eat pig tails. It is said that you should always go out with adults after dinner. Elbows are generally reserved for son-in-law, especially the first-time son-in-law, who always treats him with elbows to show his love for his son-in-law and praise for his daughter's marriage, and to show that his son-in-law has legs and often comes to the door.

On her daughter's wedding day, the son-in-law will also give her parents-in-law two or four elbows wrapped in red paper. Before going out, my parents-in-law will give me two elbows to show that I have legs coming and going. When you kill pigs every year, you should also prepare some good pork for your son-in-law. In Liuba county, which is in the deep mountains and forests, when the bride gets married, the groom's elbow leads the way, the bride's younger brother carries the bride on his back, and the man gets married to show the bride's nobility.

Bacon, a local delicacy in southern Shaanxi

Bacon, also known as bacon, is a local specialty in Qinba Mountain area of southern Shaanxi and a traditional gift of people in southern Shaanxi. According to legend, it has a history of thousands of years. According to records, as early as 2,000 years ago, Zhang Lu called Hanwang, and when he was defeated in southern Shaanxi, he was entertained by Hanzhong people with fine bacon. It is also said that in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi took refuge in xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu, and local officials in southern Shaanxi paid tribute to bacon for imperial use. Cixi was full of praise after eating it.

The traditional habit of processing and making bacon not only has a long history, but also has universality. Every year1February, that is, before "Xiaoxue" and "beginning of spring", every household has to kill pigs and sheep. Except for fresh meat enough for the Chinese New Year, the rest are preserved with fresh salt, with a certain proportion of spices such as pepper, star anise, cinnamon and clove. After 7 ~ 15 days, hang it with palm leaf rope and drip dry water to make it. Choose cypress branches, sugarcane skins, Chinese toon skins or firewood to smoke and bake slowly, and then hang them up and smoke slowly with fireworks. Or hung on the top of the stove burning firewood, or hung on the oven burning firewood and smoked slowly with fireworks. There are abundant forests and grass in Qinba Mountain area, and almost every family burns firewood for cooking or heating, which is a favorable condition for bacon. Even city people don't kill pigs and sheep, but every December, we should pick the best white pork in the market, fat or thin, buy some, pickle it at home as usual, smoke a few slices of bacon and try it. If you don't burn firewood at home, ask your relatives and friends in the countryside to smoke a few.

Smoked bacon is consistent in appearance, cooked and sliced, transparent and shiny, bright in color, yellow in red, mellow in taste, fat but not greasy, thin but not stuffed, not only unique in flavor, rich in nutrition, but also has the functions of appetizing, dispelling cold and promoting digestion. Bacon in southern Shaanxi has always maintained the characteristics of good color, fragrance, taste and shape, and is known as "one cook the meat fragrant flowers blossom".

Bacon has the characteristics of constant meat quality, long fragrance and long storage from the processing, production and storage of fresh meat. This kind of meat is smoked by cypress branches. Mosquitoes and flies don't climb in summer, but it doesn't go bad for three days. It has become a unique local flavor food. It is said that Xi's famous "Fan Ji Bacon" is a skill handed down by people in southern Shaanxi.

Sheep slaughtered in the Year of the Pig in southern Shaanxi are all self-supplied, thriving year after year and enjoyed by people all year round. Bacon is essential for eating, drinking, banquets, friends and festivals. Therefore, ordinary farmers regard this as a necessary rural food, and it becomes a local delicacy. Especially in the deep mountains, the number of bacon at home is a symbol to measure the rich and the poor. Hanyin County Records includes:

"Although the tent room is Chai Men, the food must be meat." The meat here refers to bacon. There are ravines, river banks and flat dams in the mountainous area. According to the terrain, raw materials and other conditions, residents have built various residential buildings. Traditional houses include stone houses, bamboo houses, diaojiao buildings, three-way houses and quadrangles.

Stone houses: Most of them are built in mountainous areas, and Zhenba, Ankang and Xixiang mountainous areas are very common. As the name implies, stone houses are made of stones. Usually, the back wall is close to the cliff, and the three sides are made of stone, and the roof wooden frame is covered with oilleaf slate. Stone houses are weatherproof and rainproof, and the cost is low.

Bamboo log cabin: the walls are logs, with doors and windows. The roof is made of bamboo on wooden beams, and then covered with bamboo strips and Polygonum leaves. Someone put wood on the beam, covered it with dense bamboo, and then pasted it with gypsum to form a top floor with a fireplace for baking and storing food. Bamboo and wood houses are mostly built in Mabian and mountainous depressions, and are common in mountainous areas such as Nanzheng, Ningqiang and Chenggu.

Diaojiaolou: Most of them are built in market towns along the Yangtze River. The diaojiao building is supported by wooden stakes or stones, the shelves are paved with floors, and the walls are painted with wooden boards or bamboo rafts. Tile or thatch the roof. The window of the diaojiao building faces the river, so it is also called Wangjiang Building. Diaojiaolou is the development of ancient nesting.

Sanhe Courtyard and Siheyuan: It is more common in Pingba Town. Sanheyuan has three main rooms, with a hall in the middle and 2-3 wing rooms in the east and west. The eaves in front of the main house extend outward and can be used for eating and resting. The wing is smaller than the main room, with walls at both ends and the middle of the wall facing south. Siheyuan is composed of a main room, a wing and a gatehouse, with a courtyard in the middle, which is more exquisite than Sanhe Courtyard. Sanhe and Siheyuan are made of adobe, masonry and wood, with doors facing south. Avoid facing the west.