What are the customs of Changde?

Changde, called Wuling in ancient times, is a city under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province. Located in the northwest of Hunan Province, it borders Dongting in the east, Changsha in Nantong, Zhangjiajie in the west and Hubei in the north. Since ancient times, it has been known as "the throat of Guizhou and Sichuan, the gateway of Yunnan and Guizhou". It is 50 km away from Changsha, the provincial capital, and 0/95 km away from Zhangjiajie, a world-famous scenic spot. Changde, with a total area of 1.82 million square kilometers, 440,000 hectares of cultivated land and a total population of 6 million, is the transportation, energy, circulation and cultural center of northwest Hunan. Changde City was awarded the honorary titles of National Health City, China Excellent Tourism City, National Garden City, National Traffic Management Model City, International Garden City, China Poetry City and China Charming City by the relevant state departments. According to the Master Plan of Changde City 200 1 to 2020 approved by the State Council, by 2020, Changde City will be built into a big city with a population of 800,000 to 1 10,000 and an urban area of 100 square kilometers.

Changde has a long history and outstanding people. As far back as 3,000 years ago, during the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Jiancheng County was one of the cradles of Xiangchu culture. Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Tao Yuanming, Liu Yuxi and other sages left many masterpieces. Modern people with lofty ideals such as Lin Xiumei, Song Dynasty, Liu Fuji were born here. Lin, the founding father of New China, Ding Ling, a writer, and Jian Bozan, a historian, were also born in this hot land.

History books call Changde "the country of scenic relics". There are beautiful lakes and mountains in the territory, and there are many places of interest. Peach Blossom Garden, a fairyland on earth, ancient and modern scenic spots, secluded forests and valleys, and rich humanities. The trail of the South China Tiger was found in the primitive sub-forest of Hu Ping, and the canyon drifting was near misses. Huayanxi has beautiful scenery and charming scenery, and tens of thousands of egrets inhabit it. Jiashan Temple, an ancient temple in the Tang Dynasty before Shimen, is a sacred place of Buddhism for thousands of years and the source of Japanese tea ceremony. The tomb of the Jade Monk in Fengtian, next to the temple, was recognized by Ming history experts as the last trace of Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty. The site of Chengtoushan Ancient City in Lixian County is the epitome of ancient human life 7000 years ago. West Dongting Lake International Important Wetland Reserve, Liuye Lake Tourist Resort, Chengtou Mountain, Tiejing Building and other national key protected cultural relics are all famous.

Changde has diverse landforms and pleasant climate. There are 2703 species of higher plants in China, among which 39 species are Davidia involucrata, Ginkgo biloba and Eucommia ulmoides. , Moran, etc. There are 465,438+00 species of wild animals, and 60 species of rare animals under special protection include South China Tiger, clouded leopard, leopard, golden cat, white crane and Chinese sturgeon. The main mineral resources are more than 50 kinds of andrographolide, gold, diamond, rock salt, phosphorus, gypsum, limestone, sepiolite, barite, marble, coal, silica sand, etc. Among them, andrographolide ranks first in Asia, diamond placer and stone coal mine rank first in China, and phosphate rock, gypsum mine, silica placer and bentonite mine rank first in the province, which is known as "non-metallic mineral".

Since the reform and opening up, the city's economy has continued to grow rapidly, the total economic output has expanded significantly, the fiscal revenue has increased substantially, and the economic structure has been continuously optimized. The regional GDP increased from 41800 million yuan in 2002 to 86 billion yuan in 2007 (forecast, the same below), with an average annual growth of 12.2%, 2.8 percentage points faster than the previous five years; General budget revenue increased from1600 million yuan to 3.8 billion yuan, with an average annual growth of18.9%; The tertiary industry structure was adjusted from 27.2︰39. 1︰33.7 to 22.7︰43.6︰33.7.

Living customs:

1, dress code

County people are very particular about clothes, especially young men and women, especially in the 1980s. The styles and colors of clothes, towels, hats, shoes and socks, jewelry, etc. It varies with time, gender, age, occupation, season and region. This item only records the dress customs of young men and women in the county and rural areas.

(1) clothing

In the early years of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, there was not much difference between the clothes of young men and women in urban and rural areas. Men are divided into long and short clothes, while women are short-sleeved, short-sleeved, with narrow sleeves of 3 inches. In the early years of Tongzhi, the coat was long and the sleeves were wide and full. Guangxu years, back to Xianfeng style. Men are mainly blue, gray and blue, while women like red and green to match. During the Republic of China, male public officials in county towns liked tunic suits and suits, while women liked cheongsam and skirts, but this was still the case in rural areas. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the length of clothing was different, and it gradually changed to new short clothes, and urban and rural areas were basically integrated. In the 1960s and 1970s, young men and women in urban and rural areas liked to wear military uniforms. In the 1980s, young men and women in county towns liked fashionable clothes, some were long and some were short, and the colors were renovated, which was mostly the case for young men and women in rural areas.

(2) headdress

During the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, women wore earrings (rich households). In winter, county men like to wear hats with mixed styles, while rural men like to wrap them in black and white headscarves. Little changed in the 1950s. In the 1960s, fewer and fewer rural men wore headscarves, while more and more men wore hats. In the 1960s and 1970s, men in urban and rural areas liked to wear military caps. In the 1980s, there were many kinds of hats, and women in the county wore earrings everywhere.

(3) footwear

Before the 1950s, young men and women in urban and rural areas wore cloth shoes, and young women embroidered on the vamps. After the 1960s, both men and women in the county took pleasure in sandals and slippers and wore socks. In the late 1970s, rural men and women still wore sandals and slippers, but generally did not wear socks. In the 1980s, young men and women in urban and rural areas liked to wear leather shoes. Young women first liked flat shoes, followed by middle heels and high heels.

2. Eating habits

County people eat rice as a staple food, usually three meals a day, and rural residents eat two more meals during the slack season.

The food is mainly dry rice, and poor families also have a porridge.

People in the county are vegetarian, supplemented by meat dishes. Before 70' s, turtle, foot fish and dog meat were seldom eaten. In the 1980s, it became a delicacy.

Seasoning, mainly pepper, onion, garlic and ginger. After 1970s, soy sauce and monosodium glutamate were gradually added to taste.

At meal time, breakfast is usually eight or nine o'clock, Chinese food is one or two in the afternoon, and dinner is dark.

Banquets are very particular, mainly meat dishes, with few vegetarian dishes, ranging from 8 bowls to 12 bowls and 18 bowls full, which is the most taboo for guests to finish their dishes.

Dine in a conspicuous place, no matter how many people sit around a table. However, when entertaining guests, it used to be a table for 8 people (now it is a table for 10), and the placement of the table, the seating of the guests and the order of serving are all very particular. Generally speaking, the dining table is not in front of the door, and the guests are seated. The first course is a hodgepodge, six courses are not fish, and the last course is soup. In the 1980s, the round table was used for town banquets, with one table 10 people, and guests were free to sit on and off the stage.

Seasonal diet includes rice and boiled eggs on March 3rd, zongzi on May 5th, moon cakes on August 15th, and Baba during the Spring Festival. As the saying goes, "On March 3rd, the snake comes out of the mountain", you can scramble eggs with rice or scrambled eggs to "break the snake". Eat zongzi to hang Qu Yuan; Celebrate New Year's family reunion.

3. Living customs

County people like to live in scattered places, with single houses and few houses connected.

Houses mainly face south, with two (or three) rooms and one horizontal, and few windows.

Building a house is one of the "three major events in life" and it is extremely particular. Please choose the homestead in advance and the auspicious day to start construction. During the period of building a house, you should not quarrel, fight or say unlucky things, but be kind and lively. In Guo Liang, you will throw cakes and sing Song of Spreading Cakes, Song of Liang and Song of Liang Zan.