At the end of the Qing Dynasty, many departments were responsible for the management of streets, ditches and rivers in Beijing, which can be described as "strict and prepared"

45. [History-Elective 1: Review of Major Historical Reforms] (15)

Material 1

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, many departments were responsible for the management of Beijing's streets, ditches and rivers, which were "strict and well prepared", but "nobody actually asked", resulting in Beijing's "dirt transport, polluting Shan Ye" and "foreigners' eyes were pigsty, and other provinces were compared to huts". The Qing government invested in renovation every year and collected huge sums of money from businessmen, but the money was embezzled by officials and was not really used for renovation of streets. During the Reform Movement of 1898, the Qing government ordered "all yamen to carry out survey and repair immediately, which was spectacular, and set up stalls outside Tsinghua Gate and Zhengyangmen Gate to sell vegetables, chickens and fish." In this regard, "both the government and the people call it inconvenient", and some officials even encourage the people to jointly oppose it.

-According to Su Jizu's "1898 Changes of the Qing Dynasty"

Material 2

Any reform must go to the old and the new, and the efforts of the two are equal, which will be effective. If we don't get rid of the old and the new, it will inevitably transfer the accumulated disadvantages of the old government to the New Deal, and the New Deal will increase its harm.

-Excerpt from Liang Qichao's "coup of 1898"

(1) According to the materials and knowledge learned, summarize the reasons for the street management reform in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty. (8 points)

(2) According to the materials and knowledge learned, analyze the difficulties and enlightenment of Beijing street management reform in the late Qing Dynasty. (7 points)

The above are some questions and answers in the two-volume comprehensive examination paper of liberal arts in the national college entrance examination for reference only.