Liu Mu's Historical Research (I)

The History and Research of Shigu and Shi Guwen (with Shigu Song) (1)

Poems chanting Shigu in past dynasties have different sources and versions, and there will be great differences between the lines. Although this paper tries to choose its essence and describe it, it is still inevitably wrong, so it is suggested to further textual research on the quotation. -Liu Mu's Interpretation of the Restoration of Shigu Poetry

Research on Stone Drum in Tang Dynasty (with Stone Drum Song)

Stone drums were discovered in Chencang, Baoji, during Zhenguan period in Tang Dynasty. But there is no chronological knowledge and no author's name. In addition, there are many reasons for the lack of words in poetry and prose, as well as the archaic and obscure words and the implicit poetry. People don't know why, when and what to do with it. As a result, scholars express their opinions.

Su Xu, assistant minister of Zhenguan official department, praised: "Li Si is the oldest person in the world. He doesn't know the traces of history and is close to Guanzhong." Li Simiao, the calligrapher of Gao Zongshi, also said in his "Later Book": "Chen Cang borrowed a lot when history was destroyed." Zhang Huaiguan (Huai Su), a calligrapher in the Kaiyuan period, said in the Book End: "People who write articles are also historians of Zhou Taishi." "There are traces of Shi Guwen's works, satirizing (narrating) the king's hunting. Today in Chencang ". He praised the stone drum calligraphy, saying that "the body image is outstanding, and today is extraordinary; Falling pearls and jade, fluttering tassels; Cang Xie's heir, the father of Xiao Zhuan; In the name of books, the remains of stone drums. " It was Su Xun who first thought that Shi Guwen was written by Shishan in history. This view was echoed by Li Sizhen and demonstrated by Zhang Huaiguan. So "Shigu" and "Shi Guwen" became famous from then on, and the characters were judged to be written by Shi Shu, so Shigu was considered as something carved to satirize Zhou Xuanwang's hunting.

Dou Yong, a calligrapher in Tang Suzong's Dade period, wrote two books, which were annotated by his younger brother Dou Meng. As the cloud says, "The history book is a historian in Zhou Xuanwang. Write big seal script and teach children. In the south of Yongcheng, the state of Qi and Qi, there are ten pieces of Zhou Xuanwang hunting, which are drum-shaped and have seal characters on them. I saw a copy today. " "That is, the article also. Stone lost, see this book and pass it on to good people. " "South of Yongcheng" recorded by Yu Dou is the discovery place of Yanshi Drum. The name "hunting" came from this. The "codex" mentioned in this paper is the stone drum rubbings, which shows that Shi Guwen rubbings have been spread all over the world since the era of Zhide.

Poet Du Fu's "Li Chao's Eight-point Xiao Zhuan Song": "The trace of the pale bird is hazy, and the font changes like a cloud. Chencang's stone drum is not straight for a long time, and the size of the two seals is eight points. There were Li and Cai Yong in the Qin Dynasty, and the author in the middle was Silence. Yishan monument was burned by wildfire and jujube was twisted. In the bitter county, the monks stand upright, and the books are expensive and thin. It's a pity that Cai Li is lost. My nephew Li Chao is a pen pal. The merchant chose wood and rode on Cao's neighbor Cai. The eighth day of Kaiyuan arrived, and Chao also chose two sons as three. The tide of Xiao Zhuan forced Qin Xiang, and the sword and halberd confronted each other. Eight points are straight, and the dragon plate is strong. Wu Jun Zhangdian boasts cursive script, which is neither ancient nor gorgeous. My nephew doesn't come down, just the prime minister, Mr. Nakaro. Badong met Li Chao and asked me to sing for more than a month. I am old and weak today, and the tide rises and falls. " . There is a saying in the poem that "Chen Cang's stone drum has been delayed for a long time, and the stone drum is eight points in size", which is probably the earliest opinion of scholars after the discovery of the stone drum.

Since then, the poet Wei has specially written a poem "Song of the Stone Drum": "Zhou Xuanda hunted for a different day and carved stones to show his merits. Stone is like a drum, ten stops, and wind and rain lack moss. Nowadays, people take off their papers, not only sweeping away white spots and black spots. Suddenly, the book was full of unknowns, stunned and ran away. It is the history of Minister Xuan Wang who made mistakes in breathing. A book stays between heaven and earth, and its essence lasts forever. Qin Jia Zulong also carved stone, which is the trace of Li Si. The world loves ancient Judaism so much that it is even harder to keep it. " The poem begins with "Zhou Xuan hunting for the sun, carving stones to show his merits", and puts forward his own views on the age of stone drums and their causes. Zhang Huaiguan's theory of "hiding the king and hunting" was changed to the theory of "making contributions by carving stones". It created the viewpoint of "Zhou Xuanda's theory of hunting carved stones to show merit", and also created a precedent for later generations to praise the stone drum in the form of "the song of the stone drum". Since the Tang Dynasty, many generations have been influenced by it, and many famous poets and scholars have "poems" or "songs" praising the stone drum.

Inspired and influenced by Wei, Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a poem "Song of the Stone Drum": "I am often given this description, and I am advised to try it from the stone drum. Du Fu is gone. Li Bai is dead. What can my poor talent do for Shigu? . The world was boiling on Sunday, and Xuan Di was furious, waving his sacred spear. And open his big audience, accept all the tributes, and kings and lords come before him with sonorous weapons. Yu Qi Yang Cheng Xiong Jun, birds and animals fall three thousand li. This discovery was recorded and told the new generation that these drums were cut from protruding cliffs and made of stone. Poets and craftsmen, all the first steps, creation and chisel-set in the mountains. It's raining, moxibustion, wildfire burning, ghosts guarding you. oh Where will he find the trace on this paper? Loyal to the original, without changing a hair. The meaning is profound, the words are obscure and difficult to read, and the font does not belong to Li and Ke. Time has not conquered the beauty of these letters, and the sword is sharp. Like a phoenix dance, like an angel hovering down, like a jade coral tree with staggered branches. Golden rope and iron rope lock Niuzhuang, like a fragrant tripod thrown into the sea, like a dragon sky. Historians forgot to collect these ancient poems in order to make the music songs of the two books more colorful and compelling. Confucius traveled in the west, but not to Qin. He chose our planet and stars, but missed the sun and the moon. I like ancient times. I was born too late. I can't help crying when I think of these wonderful things. I remember that when I was awarded the highest degree, it was the first year of Yuanhe. A friend of mine, who was in the western camp at that time, offered to help me remove these ancient relics. I took a shower, changed my clothes, and then made a request to the headmaster, stressing to him the rarity of these most precious things. They can be wrapped in blankets and packed in boxes. Ten barrels can only hold a few camels. Like a high incense burner, add luster to the palace, otherwise their brilliance and value will increase by a hundredfold. If the monarch shows them to universities, students can study them and decipher them without doubt. Many people, attracted to the cultural capital, will soon gather from all corners of the empire. We can wash the moss, pick out the dirt, restore the original surface, and the position is suitable. Covered by a huge building with a wide eaves, where they won't suffer as before. But government officials are used to their ways and will never go beyond the old precedent. So the shepherd boy beat the drums to make a fire, and the cows polished their horns on it, and no one dealt with them devoutly. Still aging and rotting, they may be erased soon. For six years, I have been sighing for them and singing to the west. The familiar handwriting of Wang Xizhi, although beautiful, can have several pages, only for a few white geese. But now, eight generations after the week, all the wars are over, why doesn't anyone care about these drums? The empire is peaceful, the government is free, poets are respected again, Confucianism and men. Oh, how can this petition be sent to the throne? I want to talk like a hanging river. But, alas, my voice is broken, and I am calling my heart in my song of stone drums. " . There are several noteworthy points in this poem: ① the poet completely accepted Wei's point of view; (2) The author studied Shi Guwen, but encountered some difficulties, such as unclear seal script and erosion, and did not make an in-depth study of Shigu poetry; (3) After the Anshi Rebellion, the stone drum can reappear in the world, and it was only after its friends helped to find and dig that it was transported back to Fengxiang; (4) The poet once recommended the stone drum to the imperial court, but he did not get permission; ⑤ The word "mortar master" in the poem indicates that the left Yuan drum was chiseled into mortar when it was discovered; ⑥ The important value and significance of stone drums as cultural relics are emphasized for the first time. The successor of Han Yu's poems was selected into 300 Tang poems, which has important historical and literary value.

Generally speaking, the contribution of the Tang Dynasty to Shigu culture in 279 years is:

1. 10 stone drums have been completely found and properly protected and placed.

Second, the stone drum character was widely valued by calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty, and it was highly praised and affirmed. The stone drum has been passed down to this day in the form of rubbings.

Thirdly, the historical value, cultural value and artistic value of the stone drum have been basically affirmed.

Fourthly, the stone drum poems of Du Fu, Wei and Han Yu have a great influence on later generations.

Research on Stone Drum in Song Dynasty (with Stone Drum Song)

After Xianzong, the politics of the Tang Dynasty became weaker and weaker, and the matter of moving drums was put on hold, and no one mentioned it again. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms War, no one cared about the stone drum, and when it moved, no one knew. The war lasted for more than a hundred years, and it was not until the establishment of the Song Dynasty that it was quelled. Sima Chi (the father of Sima Guang), who loves history and literature, found nine drums when he was a magistrate in Fengxiang, and "returned to the gate of the official school and died one of them" (see Wang's "The Edge of the Memorial"). In the fourth year of Emperor Yangdi, Xiang was in a butcher's house, only to find that he was a rice mortar and a grinding stone drum called Zuo Yuan. Since then, the stone drum has been lost for about 150 years. One hundred and fifty years, this is the survival time of several generations, and no one will see the true colors of the stone drum. Therefore, whether Zuo Yuan's drum rubbings are "complete" is the only criterion to distinguish between Tang Tuo and Song Tuo. The complete one is Tang Tuo, and the incomplete one is the so-called stone drum rubbings after mortar, which is considered as the earliest but Song Tuo. In other words, the difference between "Tang Tuo" and "Song Tuo" lies in whether Zuo Yuan drum was chiseled into rice mortar from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the early Song Dynasty. However, as Zhang Qiao said, "Sun Juyuan was born in a Buddhist book niche in a Buddhist temple, which was remembered by the Tang people", Shi Guwen's Zuo Yuan is also incomplete and also behind the mortar. So some people suspect that it is fake. But in Han Yu's poems, there is a phrase "digging mortar". Does it prove that Zuo Yuan was earlier than the mortar in the early Tang Dynasty? Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty also questioned this. However, because there is no more evidence to prove their claims, they have to be suspicious for the time being. Although we support the view that Zuoyuan was written earlier than the early Tang Dynasty, because this view has not been recognized, we still temporarily use Xiansheng, Housheng and Zhongquan as the general theory of Songtuo.

Mei, a poet of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Ray visits his legacy, Wu Gong raises a glass": "Stone drums are made, and Wang Xuan licks the sun angrily. My car and my horse attack well. They shoot the same bow and arrow. Boating and fishing? Why can't you penetrate the willow tree? From the official pen to the word, the book is engraved on the waist. During the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Xia and Tang Dynasties, no one saw it. The children's play in the village is like a bird that has been flying. Only after reading Yuan and assistant minister Han can you get a detailed paper on Song Dynasty. You have to go back to China with a felt, and Tianguan will pick up the camel. When it came to me, one drum died, and nine drums were stripped and lost. People nearby occasionally see an awkward position, and the dead drum is the center of the mortar. I am glad that the seal is still around, so I can't hurt it. Fill in the blanks with stones, fear the beam, and the gods will meet one side. Lei's son is Hu and Long, and he is a model of heaven. After the debate, I will fly to Phoenix in 40 or 60 years. This book is wrapped in a large roll of green brocade, which is curved and straight. With its help, I am smart and confused, and I am confused. Although he is not a fellow villager with his father, he rarely drinks with his father. The old school has turned pale and the fun is good. Who can learn from the stone for thousands of years, diligent and indifferent? Today, the wine emperor is honored, and the five classics and new stones stand in two corridors. I want to be crazy about Han Fei, so that I can go through customs without barriers. The best treasure should be listed in the Confucius Temple, which is better than the rotten version of the home wall. However, it must be measured by Lei Sheng, and the boarding order is similar. If you are not in a hurry, you will disturb the discipline, and if you have court light, you will be peaceful. The scenery has been tasted, so it is different here. Animals in the corner of the sea sail by boat, and the tolls are meager for a few days. And I am very soft and hard, and I write poems with passion. I am willing to throw soap into my bag because of remonstrance, and watch Kuibi spit at night. There are river drums and glory in the sky. " . From the content: ① Influenced by Wei's poems, he inherited the viewpoint of Angry; ② Described the drum recommended by Han Shilang; (3) Humorously mocked the experience of treating drums as mortar and changing mortar into mortar; (4) The number of words mentioned in Shi Guwen's rubbings for the first time in history is "460 flying phoenixes"; ⑤ Express the author's excitement when he wants to be "effective in Korea". This poem has certain literary and historical value.

Ouyang Xiu, a writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty who was contemporary with Mei, put forward some new views in the Collection and Postscript of Historical Records, which has important reference value in the study of stone drums. "Yes, Shi Guwen. Qiyang stone drum was not called in the previous life at first, but it was called in the Tang Dynasty. And Wei thought that drums and poems were carved. Han Tuizhi thinks Wang Xuan drum. In today's Confucius Temple in Fengxiang, there are ten drums, which were abandoned in the wild at first, and Zheng Yuqing died in the temple. After four years of traveling to the emperor, I asked my disciples for help from the people and got enough. There are 465 people whose words are visible, and more than half of them are unknown. The ancient texts I collected and recorded were not before this. However, there are three or four suspicious people: all the Duke Huan of Han and the stone tablets of Ling in this world are still there. With a history of less than 1,000 years, the books are extensive and profound, but they have been erased ten times. According to Taishigong's chronology, this drum lasted for 9 14 years from the first year of Wang Xuan to the eighth year. The drum is thin and shallow, why do you keep it? This is a suspicious person. Its words are ancient and have laws, and its words are the same as elegant fu, while the three generations of articles are authentic except Poetry and Book. However, since Korea came, Bo Gu's curious people are all confused. This is also suspicious. The Sui Dynasty has the largest collection of books, including stone carvings by Qin Shihuang and Brahman's external books, but there are still no stone drums. It is not appropriate to leave distant records. There are three suspicious people. There are many strange things in the past biographies, but it is hard to believe, and they are not included in the biographies. I don't know how Wei He knows that they are the drums of writing and propaganda. Ancient and modern books in Sui and Tang Dynasties were well prepared. Is it the evil that you could see at that time but can't see now? However, if you retire well, you won't make a mistake. Gu Yu will take it as a letter. As for the word book, it is not that history is not good. " . Ouyang Xiu raised some questions about the view that stone bulges originated from the Western Zhou Dynasty. Judging from the history since the introduction of Shi Guwen, this paper first criticizes and questions the view that the stone drum originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Since the wind of doubt, new ideas have emerged constantly. However, it failed to shake the argument foundation of "Duke of Zhou". Later generations, until the Qing Dynasty, Wang Xuan's theory of Shigu was still the mainstream.

Su Shi, a famous writer and calligrapher, used to be a judge in Fengxiang House in his early years and often went to Fengxiang Confucius Temple to see the stone drums. After reading the poems of Han Yu and Mei, I also wrote a Song of the Stone Drum: "I was ugly in winter and December, and I started my career in Lu Zuo. Today, I saw the old news of the stone drum, and the literature has gone away. At the beginning of the microscopic view, I drew my belly with my fingers, and I wanted to see it as a clip in my mouth. It's too late for the Han Palace to live in ancient times. My present situation is one hundred years later. If you try to find a push painting, you will get one thing and two things. My car is both a worker and a horse, and its fish is like a willow. Ancient artifacts are still named after the tripod, and the stars are scattered everywhere. The blurred half is like a scar, and you can still tell your elbow. Juanjuan lacks the moon to hide the clouds, and the golden harvest is beautiful. Wandering for hundreds of years occasionally exists, who is your friend after thousands of years of independence? From the porch to the ice, the same is true. I remember that in Zhou, Shi Hu became a tadpole. Those who hate chaos think of sages, and those who thrive in heaven are poor. Crusades, Xu Lu, Pei Hu, Northern Expedition, as pointed out by the spearhead. Just like the miscellaneous tribute of a wolf and a deer, Zhao Fang gave Guizuo a gift. Therefore, because I think of the general, I am not disturbed by the exam. Who praises who is taller than Song, and is gentle and gentle through the ages. Admiration and hard work are great, but loyalty is not far away. I want to know my age, but I can't remember who I am. Since the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the seven countries and the nine Qin people have been competing for supremacy. Sweep poetry and recite, abandon the whip of beans. At that time, who assisted Zulong, and the son of Shangcai led the yellow dog. Climbing mountains and carving stones is a great achievement, and the latter has no inheritance, not even couples. Emperor Junyun toured the four countries, cooked a riot and saved Guizhou's head. Now that the Six Classics are dusty, it's time to fan the drum. It is rumored that Jiuding is in danger and wants to sink thousands of people into the water. Tyrants indulge in poor manpower, and gods' righteousness does not pollute Qin scales. It's time to avoid the stone drum. God will keep it. Rise and fall, everything is idle, and wealth is immortal. Thinking about physics and sighing, life is as safe as your life. " . In the poem, the poet first describes the experience of reading drum prose, and then praises Xuan Wang's feat of rejuvenating the country, laments the weakness of Zhou Xuan, denounces the cruelty of Qin people, and laments that the world is cold and life is short. Su Shi's poetry, which combines narrative and lyric, has a magnificent and far-reaching artistic conception. It also has a great influence on future generations.

Su Zhe, the third brother of Dongpo, also wrote a poem "Song of the Stone Drum": "Yangshan Stone in Qishan is a drum, which hangs when you knock it, but it doesn't sound. Think that nothing is straight and everything is useful. Who dares to insult Zhou Xuan in a useless and useful room? There is no flat grave in Wang Xuan, and Qin Ye is nowhere to be found. This is the only thing left in the Zhou Dynasty, and the civil and military adherents are all prisoners. Zhong Ding no longer casts Geji, and the palace has been watered with grain and millet. Li Xuan's descendants fled everywhere, and Zhao Mu was confused and didn't save the spectrum. There are times when guests grieve for the late king, and there are times when they plan for the future. Instead of living in the drum, it is better to think about propaganda, and seeking propaganda from the drum is the fundamental solution. They are all useful to the world, and heaven and earth can live, but not master. Look at Ji Xiang, fierce as a wolf. He died before he was cut into pieces. Ma Tongyang is not kind, and it is not your fault to treat you like this. What's more, foreign objects are light, grasping the jade tail and holding the dust. At this time only Cang Shi, alone useless. The skeleton is moss, and the words are stripped of wind and rain. Being in chaos is useless, useful and peaceful. The ancients did not see the relic, such as Shen Fu. The word tadpole is poor, and there is no exegesis in the compendium. The glyph follows the stone sweat, and the pale snake gives birth to the horned dragon. It's like an old man being beaten up, his beard is bald and his mouth is full of teeth. Although the shape is incomprehensible, there are clouds and willows running through it. You are tired of living in the valley and throw yourself into the net. The wicker is weak and long, and it is as thin as a wisp. It is a pleasure to die without hurting the fish. There are ghosts and gods in Deng Temple, and millet in good years. Wang Xuan used soldiers to conquer the four countries, killing dogs in the north and serving Chu in the south. Generals enjoy it, regardless of tigers. Ask what can make it happen, caress it like a child, and respect it like a father. Weak willows close fish fish fish, and benevolent people don't complain. Please look at the stone drum, laugh at Mount Tai and carve the Qin language. " . In the poem, the author expresses his usefulness and uselessness to the stone drum and his views on life and managing the world, which has certain philosophical implications. Both poets compared the stone drum with the carved stone of Mount Tai Qin, praising the high classical elegance of the stone drum.

Zhang Lei, a poet at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "The Song of Tao to Shi Guwen": "Zhou Gang announced the king's work in the current season, and raised his sword to swing the outline of heaven and earth. When the morning came, he put me on the horse and worried about the people at night. Huan Fang called a bow and a lot of money, and waved a stick to apply for the title of Lord Han Cigui. Drive away the jackals in the north and cut down whales and crocodiles in southern Xu Yi. Mingtang cars and horses rush to the top, and the Qing palace is full of joy. Qiyang hunting discipline was cut, and Shiguyan was chiseled by thousands of people. Thousands of years of war turned to cities, and later generations passed on ghosts. Few people stay away from the ruins, lamenting that the wind and frost will destroy them every day. Jun Cheng likes the past better than I do, and it is especially wonderful to use earthenware easily. A plate full of emeralds was placed in front of me, making strange ancient carvings. Xi Huang's death was clever and false. He used rafters to eliminate simplicity. What is the acquisition of this ancient weapon? It has been ransacked for a long time. Several pieces of Mo Zhai's bones have rotted, and there are still lingering remnants. Some people think Yan Zi is too vulgar and the mud is too thin. Yungu, who still lives in a temple, honestly refused Jin Yuxian. It's time for this thing to participate in the tripod. It's really fun. Alas, I believe in two things, depending on my apprentice and my grasp. Otherwise, Uwa and the barren monument will be scattered at the sight of dust. " . Zhang Lei's poems further promoted the theory of "Wang Xuan".

When Song Huizong was in Evonne. Hui Zong loves painting and calligraphy, and collects strange stones. He has long heard of stone drums. In the second year of Daguan, he ordered Fengxiang House to move the stone drum to Bianjing Biyong. According to legend, it was ordered to fill the stone drum characters with gold to protect the stone drum from being damaged again. Make the stone drum temporarily safe. But it didn't last long. During the reign of Jingkang, the nomads from the Jin Dynasty invaded Bianjing. When the nomads from the army plundered the property, they saw that there was gold in the drum, so they carried the stone drum away. Because the drum is heavy and inconvenient to carry, the stone drum was abandoned in the wilderness after the gold was removed. Shigu once again lost its folk.

Shi Hong, a calligrapher in the Southern Song Dynasty, also described Shi Gu's experience in this period. : "the sky is a mountain, and you rely on it. In the headstrong year, the year of divination was well prepared, and the princes gathered to respect the king. In June, the sage Wu of Zhongxing thinned the land of Taiyuan. The cliff can be engraved with poetry and has a thousand years of glory. Camels pull into Liangdu, and clear water shows zhanhe. The two drums in the middle prepare chapters and sentences, but they are unambiguous all day. Zuo Xiuxiu bows and shoots elk, and there are fish and silks for gentlemen to fish. Guanghe looked at each other and scolded Chu for not being my apprentice. The geese spread their wings, and the bridge gate viewers blocked the wall. The star sinks to the east wall, and the first step is upside down. Mi smashed Jiuding to fly, and Feng urged the king to sweep the floor. Who moves the swallow with the stone, and the blanket is littered on the chariot. Knock on the fire to sharpen the sharp corner, because the foundation is an anvil for many years. The picture in Xuanhe Hall is retro, crowned with ten drums. Chinese poetry is eclectic, and the cloud chapter sets the fish. The first gentleman tried to return to the north, and Wenhe abandoned Fu. A series of attacks came from the secret, more Sima Fengxiang monument. I'm old now, and I can't go to Qiyang Sanyong. I hurried to the north to pick up my trip to Zhejiang, but I didn't report for duty in Wu Ye. Seal your teeth neatly with a toothpick and write a short article about fatigue and poverty. Lord, I have a heart to sing Xiaoya, and I am ashamed to go to the third place. "

Because the Song Dynasty was close to the Tang Dynasty, calligraphers and literati were deeply influenced by Shi Guwen's thought in the Tang Dynasty, and their views on Shi Guwen were basically the same as those in the Tang Dynasty. The main contributions to the stone drum culture in the Song Dynasty are: 1, and all the ten stone drums lost in the Five Dynasties War were recovered; 2. Left some excellent Shi Guwen rubbings for future generations; 3. Mei, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Su Zhe. Left a number of precious poems on the stone drum, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations; 4. Li Jifu wrote "Yuanhe County Records", and loaded the stone drum into the local records for the first time; 5. Shi Guwen was originally compiled by the anonymous "Ancient Literature Institute". According to legend, it was collected in the Tang Dynasty. Sun Juyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty was obtained from a Buddhist shrine, edited by Yuan Ji in Song and Han Dynasties, recorded by Zhang Qiao, and later included in the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu. Today, there is a definite version. 6. The supplementary translation of Xue Shanggong's Poems of Ancient Qiyang appeared for the first time, which had a great influence on later generations. Scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties mostly followed Xue's translation. 7. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Su stayed on the sound of the stone drum and drew up the drum sequence of the stone drum, which was followed by later scholars. 8. After Ouyang Xiu questioned the age of the stone drum, Song scholars Dong Ti, Cheng Taichang, Zhai Jienian and Zheng Qiao also questioned the view that the stone drum was born in Wang Xuan.

Research on Stone Drum in Yuan Dynasty (with Stone Drum Music)

The war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Liao and Jin Dynasties lasted 100 years. When the Yuan Dynasty rose, the war subsided. People in Guoxian County of Fengxiang told the Han people to restore the temple schools in the capital and put the stone drums under the throne (see Twenty-four History of Yuan Dynasty). When Yuan Chengzong was a great scholar, Professor Yu Ji from imperial academy sent the stone drum to the imperial court and put it in the gate of Dacheng Hall in imperial academy, with five pieces under the left and right walls, and the altar was supported by bricks. Pan Di, a scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, collected notes from various schools in the Song Dynasty and carved them into Shi Guwen Yin Xun, which was attached to Ten Drums. Unfortunately, the rubbings used are only 386 words. These two monuments are still intact today. The stone drum hall in the Forbidden City is still the same, and it is still displayed next to the ten drums.

Zhang Shi Gu Shi Hua, a poet of the same age as Yu Ji, said: "Guangdong has always been a secret place, and only the emperor inherited it. Hou Gang meditated on God and Ning and copied 3,000 copies. Cangji changed history, whales took the lead, and phoenix was embarrassed. Since Emperor Won Qin was not an ancient teacher, he made the traitor a fool. At that time, jade was unique in the world, and then it was abandoned. The last group of philosophers described each other's ancestors, Park Sumei. I feel ashamed and shallow, and I am in danger. Exhausted stone drums, jade stands like three generations of vessels. At the beginning of thinking, you will be brave, or you can say that you are hunting. And it is difficult to believe, and the sun and the moon are hungry. Taste the thunder and lightning, there are only 272 left. Jian Zhen did not fall from the ashes of the fire, but ancient times still contained primitive qi. Zhong Ding in the world is like rubble. Saying goodbye to your daughter is not expensive. Changli's lyrics hate thin, and Edgar Allan Poe's old man came to watch the war and cherish differences. It's only been a few dynasties, and I can't forget God's will. If you make good things interesting, you should be exhausted. Life is full of natural history, you can't say a word. I haven't pondered the independent west wind, and the trees in the west are dying. " . In his poem "Poetry of Stone Drum", he also described his feelings and doubts when he went to Zhongyu Yuyu to see the stone drum. However, at this time, there are only 272 words left on the stone drum.

Other poets who wrote poems for Shigu in Yuan Dynasty were Xie Lisi, Song Jian, Wu Lai and Zhou. Judging from the content of the poem, it also has certain historical value. Such as: 1, tracing the historical experience and vicissitudes of Shigu; 2. Praise the Yuan rulers for placing stone drums; 3. Celebrate the celebration of Emperor Yuan Renzong, so that students all over the country can enjoy the happiness brought by stone drums.

Jiexi Shigu poem: "Under the wall of Confucius Temple, Zhou Xuan sleeps in Shigu. Moss knocks on fire, and rain washes snail's saliva. Wild old men steal mortar, and people live for money. The tangible is easy to end, and it is pitiful. " .

Song bamboo slips "Send the king to arrange music and make jade into a stone drum": "I once promoted the king and Wu Qiyang. I praise my work and my achievements are far-reaching. Cut the stone into drums and the abyss will rest in peace. Zejian is full of phosphorus, and the words are full of weeks. Gu Zhuo has created a history, which is controversial. Felt camels protect migration and catch it for three thousand years. China is particularly precious and moved to the palace wall. People live in trust, and the secret price is not paid. Make Hu Lian out of Dongou. Simple and expensive, China color is rarely seen. I'll make it up for the time being. I'll see you in the galleries and temples. If this is a drum, put it on Kunlun Mountain. " .

Wu Lai's reply to the poem written in Shijing: "Mr. Hengshan has many antiques, and imperial academy gave me half. Wei Gong's Tibetan books are still scattered in epigraphy. At that time, I loved to tidy up, and my strokes were reflected in Han Yun. It's not far to spread it to me. It's a pity to be a phoenix. I know nothing about the world since I received this report. In the past, knocking on fire broke the mortar today, and the camel was destroyed by stones. After Cang Ju, it was Shi Shu, the first generation left the legacy of Gui Jun .. The corps commander became an eight-point seal, and they lost to He Zu. Mr. Wang writes a good book, but Mr. Qingtong's chalk wall is hard to remove. Lacquer tadpoles are unpopular, but snakes and insects are strong. Mr. Wang learned to hold the Bible and burn incense all day. Wei weaves the iron paper biography, and Zou Lu's essence overflows. Guozimen has no city, and Penglai Pavilion abandoned the straw bank. In the spring and autumn period, it is false to smell it, and it is a virtue to believe in geese. What matters in ancient and modern times is Zhou Dian. What is the face of Zhou Shi? . The sacred heart is not in the stone, the sun and the moon are in the sky. I don't care about the paper at home, but I want to forge my chin with pearls. I have been seeing humiliation, and I am eager to avoid it. Don't be impatient, Mr. Wang. Laugh and be angry when we meet at the end of the year. You don't have to say anything, just do it with me. " .

Zhou Bowen's "Stone Drum Fu": "I have tasted archaeological stone carvings, and Qiyang Stone Drum is the first. Every time I read the songs of Wei, Han and Su, I am amazed. The visiting scholar-officials are all in Beijing and want to see them for no reason. In the first year of emperor's practice, imperial academy was ordered to place stone drums, which were listed in two schools of Xuansheng Temple. Next year, the emperor will celebrate the Yuan Dynasty, and the rest of the people's livelihood, caressing and playing, will be in their proper place. The husband placed three generations of relics in the preface, and the ceremony was held. There is a cloud in Korean poetry: if the monarch shows them to universities, students can study them and undoubtedly decipher them. I want to cover it, but I can't, so I can't. In fact, I couldn't see the Han Palace in the past, but I can see us today. What a blessing! It is said that there were stone drums in Zhou, and now they are in Biyong. The bridge gate and Party A and Party B set each other off. The erosion of quality and principle is the worship of great form. There are literary ranks and words. The wonderful paintings of the temples of French emperors continued the changes in Xiaoya. Wei is the instrument phoenix of nine days, and the dragon of Liuhe winds. I am glad that animals and fish are ordinary, and the merits of good horses and chariots and horses are the same. This is a vivid picture of a plant in the garden, which is hidden in the sky. Carefully crafted or made naturally. Yu Wang, Hong Zhen and his gang have fallen. Four countries are successful, and a hundred posts are open. In his spare time, he acts as a decoration for Rong Xing. I'm very satisfied with Qiyang, following my Wulin predecessors. At that time, the stone was both talented and beautiful. The beauty of music is broadcast in poetry. Its different shapes are due to its simplicity and naturalness. The number of its books is ten, which shows that it is extremely effective and successful. During the Warring States period, those who violently attacked Qin and the unfortunate suppressed and insulted him. Those who lived through the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties but didn't disappear must be guarded by magical things. Age is infinite, which is obvious in Li Tang. Wei Han Ge, love its fragrance. To Song Xuanhe, Si moved to Liang. When the Jin attacked, they returned to the north. Wei's dragonfly, the prosperity of leaves. A virtuous voice was born and the chariot boarded the raft. Shi Wen is a heavy book, next to Zhou Xuanbiao. The six classics are easy to be trained, and at the same time, they are chapters. Bigger than Kuang Dian, the same day is Yang. Looking far away, the past has revived. My husband's Kyushu tripod has sunk and cannot be obtained. The lost stone is gone again. Only sven is a treasure, but it is rare in the end. It's a pity that there is a legacy, but it's not called Chaucer. Who is a cockroach? A depression is a mortar. Top Yi language, permanent. After that, there is no praise for ancestors. Maoling's meditation is also buried in the wild. Although it is possible to get it, it is enough for him to get it. However, the week of the stone drum is in the world, and the day is not the end of life. It was built to send ancient prose to immortality. There is a poem that says: Carving a stone drum is like the king of Zhou Xian, and learning a stone drum is like an emperor. The children are full of joy, the songs are full of joy, and Victoria Avenue is endless. After being together for a long time, Weiss is bulging, don't break it, don't hurt it, and put your age in the light. " .

During Yuan Dynasty 162, his contributions to Shi Guwen were: 1. Recover the ten-sided stone drum abandoned by the Jin people for many years, and avoid the extinction of the stone drum; 2. The stone drums are properly placed; 3. Seeing the stone drum as a three-generation weapon has attracted the attention of poets and scholars and created some stone drum poems; 4. Some important works on the study of stone drums have appeared, such as Yin Xun by Pandi, and Qin Zhou Carving Stones by Yanwu.

The above information comes from the restoration and interpretation of Shi Gu Shi by Liu Xing and Liu Mu.