Where is the site slope in Tongchuan, Shaanxi?

Yaozhou Kiln has an important origin in history, which is Xidipo ancient town, and its cultural relics tourism value has not been fully recognized.

Shidi Town, today's Shidipo Village, is located on a long and narrow mountain from east to west, with Shima Mountain in the east (elevation 1500m, the commanding height of Tongchuan) and Shidipo Fort in the west, which was called "Aquarius Fort" in ancient times. There are sloping fields on the north and south sides, which are distributed in a ladder shape. The village is now under the jurisdiction of Chen Lu Town, yintai district, which is more than 20 kilometers away from Tongchuan City, 5 kilometers away from Chen Lu Town in the north and 0/5 kilometers away from Huangbao Town/kloc-0 in the west. Although it is located in the mountainous area, the transportation is convenient. Ancient roads leading to Huangbao and Yaozhou and today's county-level highways pass through the village, providing convenient traffic conditions for the transportation of ancient ceramics, glass and coal.

The foundation of Shidi Town is unknown. The Song and Jin Dynasties were under the jurisdiction of Huangbao Town, so there was no record of Shidi Town at that time. The name of the site slope was first seen in the inscriptions of the Ming Dynasty, during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. In the 17th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (AD 538), Su Min, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, wrote in the inscription "Rebuilding the Liulichang on the Ruins Slope and Giving the Monument to Baoshan Zen Forest in the Lower Hall of Chongren Temple", "Anyone who has a Ruins Slope in the southeast of the city was enfeoffed by a saint after the opening of the day, and was specially given the State of Qin, thinking that the Liulichang site was specially built". At this time, the slope of the site is under the jurisdiction of Yongshouli in Tongguan County. Later, in the forty-first year of Jiajing (A.D. 1562), the Immersion of Qinbaoshan Temple was established in the first month, with the signature "Slope of Yongshouli Site in Tongguan, Yaozhou". At that time, the slope of the site belonged to "Li" and was not called town, indicating that the town had not yet been built. In the Ming dynasty, "town" and "Li" were both grass-roots administrative units under the jurisdiction of counties. The name of Li Di Town first appeared in Tongguan County Records during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Tongguan County Annals (compiled in the 5th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 18), Volume 1, Yishi ... is a station town in the southeast, and it is three miles to the county seat "; Volume 3 contains "Chenlu Town and Shidi Town produce coal ... and trade with pottery and porcelain". During this period, the status of Shidi Town is very important. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the tablet "Building Guanyin Pavilion" recorded that "Dongshan is a scenic spot in ancient and modern times, a province with a throat and a famous stone dike slope". The geographical location of Dongshan is from the perspective of Huangbao Town. It can be seen that before the town was built, the site slope was under the jurisdiction of Huangbao Town, which was abandoned, so the site town was prosperous; According to the analysis of existing data, the ruins town was established after the middle period of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty and before Wanli. This is consistent with the research of Yaozhou kiln experts that Huangbao Town kiln stopped burning before and after Jiajing. Huangbao Town no longer needs to stop burning ceramics, which is an important management function. At that time, the firing of ceramics in the ruins slope managed by Huangbao Town was in the ascendant, and it had developed into a small ceramic industrial city mainly engaged in ceramic trade, which needed special management. Therefore, in a sense, the abolition of Huangbao Town means the establishment of the town of Worcester. In other words, as a local management system, Huangbao Town has not been abolished, but moved eastward to Ruins Slope. Later, Li Di Town replaced Huangbao Town and became one of the four major market towns in Tongguan County after the middle and late Ming Dynasty. As the abolition of the town system, the ruins town should be in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. In Tongguan County Records during the Republic of China, it was recorded that "waste was stopped when Jiaqing was celebrated", referring to town waste rather than ceramic firing (sporadic kilns were still firing ceramics until the 1950s after the founding of New China). In the fourth year of Jiaqing, Zhao Richong, a juren from Shidi Town, wrote Rebuilding Xuan Di Temple Monument, calling it "Lizhong Xuan Di Temple" instead of Landipo Town. It can be seen that the organizational system of Shidi Town was abolished at that time. As an ancient ceramic town, its history should be counted from Jiajing in the middle of Ming Dynasty to Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, and it lasted for more than 200 years after nine emperors: Jiajing, Wanli, Apocalypse, Chongzhen, Qingshunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing.

Of course, the firing history of ancient ceramics on the slope of the site is longer, and it is due to the prosperity of ceramics, not the decline of ceramics. Beginning in the Song Dynasty, the county annals of the Republic of China read: "In the early Song Dynasty, there were dozens of households in the north Xinglong Valley of Oak Ridge in the east of the town, making pottery as their profession", indicating that the ceramic tradition here began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Ruinpo and the surrounding villages such as Dongshan, Zaocun and Majiatun under the jurisdiction of Ruinpo Town at that time have spread all over Guliang and gentle slope areas, which are roughly distributed in 5. Archaeological excavations have proved that the kiln yard in Huangbao Town of Yaozhou Kiln moved eastward on a large scale in the Yuan Dynasty. The main products of Lidi Town are civil cans, pots, bowls, altars, lamps, plates, lamps, pillows and wine vessels. , including celadon, black glaze, sauce glaze, sauce yellow glaze, tea glaze, white glaze and so on. Black glazed porcelain in Ming Dynasty is especially famous. Today, Yaozhou Kiln Museum collects a large basin engraved with the word "Fu Qin" made in Zhaipo Town, with a diameter of 120 cm and a depth of 55 cm. The famous potter in Li Di Town has been recorded in the county annals. "Tongguan County Records" (volume 12) and "Porcelain in Li Di Town" in the Republic of China recorded that "there were dozens of households in Xinglong Valley in the north and Oak Ridge in the east of the Song Dynasty, making pottery as their profession; In the early Yuan Dynasty, Taoqian Town; The calendar will be successfully completed tomorrow, and there will be more than a thousand households by the time of Kangxi and Yongzheng, which is the most prosperous period of ceramics in this town; Stop wasting when Jiaqing is celebrated. In the early Yuan Dynasty, founder Chen Zongsheng was able to build large pots and flat-bottomed pots, each pot could hold three stones. In order to cultivate giants, its kiln was named cauldron kiln (there are only one or two pots now, so I found a surname in this town); During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, there was Yang's Zhongxing kiln, and during the Jiajing period, there was a longevity kiln jointly organized by Chen, Xun and Zhang. During the reign of Qing Kang Gan, there were Guanglang Kiln, Jianjiu Kiln, Changsheng Kiln, Guangming Kiln and Jiangang Kiln. As a folk kiln, the most proud thing in the history of ceramic firing in Ruinpo is the history of official kiln firing. According to the 17th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, "Rebuilding the Liulichang of Ruins and Giving Inscription to Baoshan Zen Forest, the lower hall of Chongren Temple", during the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, Ming and Qin set up a special glaze factory here, which was the only official kiln in northwest China, and its glaze products were exclusively used by the royal family. Archaeological excavations have also proved this point. According to experts' research, the abundant glass products here are not only for Qin king Palace, but also given to Anda Mosque, Dongyue Temple, Chongren Temple and Xiyue Temple, which were also used in the reconstruction of Yuhua Palace, a summer resort in Tang Dynasty. In September 2003, Poming Liulichang site was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province. The integrity of existing traditional buildings in Lidipo Town is 60%; The building scale is 5800 square meters; The village covers an area of 13 hectare: the main traditional street-Zheng Jie, with unknown building, from Dongsheng Pavilion in the east of the village to Yudi Pavilion in the west of the village, with a total length of 120 meter; The main feature of traditional architecture is to imitate the architectural style of Weibei in Ming and Qing dynasties, brick and wood structure. Most of the frame walls are made of local pottery bricks, the front wall is decorated with blue bricks, the roof is decorated with gray pottery animals, and the doors and windows of the front wall are decorated with exquisite wood carvings. Because of the development of pottery industry, there are many places of interest here, according to incomplete statistics, there are 12 places. At the eastern end of the village, there is a "Dongsheng Pavilion" dedicated to two saints, Guan Yu and Sun Xiao Bodhisattva. It was built in the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, namely 1595, and rebuilt in the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1880). Today, there are still "rebuilding Guanyin Pavilion" and "rebuilding Guan Shengxian (Guan Yu) in the first year of Tongzhi in Ming Dynasty". On the west is the Jade Emperor Pavilion; Among them, there are kiln sites, including inscriptions on kiln sites newly built in Chongzhen in the 17th year of Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Kangxi in the 57th year. Shaanxi Provincial Museum has preserved two inscriptions. In the Ming Dynasty, there was also a Xuan Di Temple in Dongdaxiong Temple in Jie Zhen, which was rebuilt in the fourth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. There is still a stone tablet in the "Rebuilding Xuan Di Temple Monument". Notre Dame (commonly known as "Mother Temple"); There are Jade Emperor Pavilion and Xisheng Pavilion in the west of the village (now lost). There is also Chongren Temple in the west of the village, whose construction date is unknown, Yuan Dynasty or earlier. The temple is built along the mountain. It belonged to zenrinji in Baoshan, and was later incorporated into the Liulichang of Qin Wangmi, which was founded and restored during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Reconstruction during Jiajing period. In August of the 17th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, the monument of Baoshan Zen Forest, the lower hall of Chongren Temple, was handed down. In recent years, the newly unearthed bluestone "Qinbaoshan Temple Immersed" was built in the site of Liulichang. The place name and time of the Department are "Yongshouli Ruins Slope in Tongguan, Yaozhou" and "Jitachi in the first month of Jiajing, Ren Xu", and the names of the host, monks and donors from all walks of life are also engraved. This incense building is now housed in Yaozhou Kiln Museum. There is a mountain temple near the mountain, and there is an Aquarius castle at the top of the mountain. According to Tongguan county annals, there was a fierce battle with Liu, the remnant of Li Zicheng who attacked Aquarius Castle in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Seven villagers, including Zhao and Du Sanqin, died in battle, and people in the town erected a monument in the bunker. Kou Shen, who is also the magistrate of Suzhou, wrote an inscription for him. In the southwest of the village, there is a three-eye well, which is said to have been built during the Song and Jin Dynasties. Well depth10m and borehole diameter1.2m.. The manhole cover is made of solid sandstone and has three round holes with a diameter of about 40 cm for three people to lift water at the same time. The third eye has a hole of 15 cm, which is a shaft hole in the well. The original aqueduct at the wellhead sends water to the kiln, and well water still provides a strong water source for the life and production of the whole village. In addition to the original appearance of Dongsheng Pavilion, Xuan Di Temple, Notre Dame and Sanyanjing, the above-mentioned ancient scenic spots need to be repaired urgently. The mountain temple has collapsed, leaving only the tablet and tablet fragments; The rest of the ancient buildings have been destroyed, and the site is still there.

Shimashan is located about one kilometer east of Shidipo Village, with an altitude of 1500.7 meters. Its majestic mountains are connected with Jinwei Mountain in Fuping County and Aobei Mountain in Yaoxian County in the south, which is the main natural landscape that sets off the southeast of Shidipo Village. According to the county records, "there is a lotus terrace on Shima Mountain, which is a scenic spot". The folklore of Lishi Town is also related to Shima Mountain. "There is a flying cloud ridge to the west of Shimashan Mountain. It is said that Jin Wengong won Wei Gu here. Twenty miles south of the town is Suojia Village in Fuping, where there is Wengong Temple and there is bonsai valley in the south of Shimashan Mountain. It is said that Yang Liulang in the Song Dynasty refused to be a guest at the meeting, and Liulang Cave was located halfway up the hill opposite Yangjiaping. The legend of Jin Wengong and Yang Liulang branded the locust tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province as an immigrant, indicating that many Shanxi immigrants moved here when the town was built.

The slope of the site is not only rich in historical sites, but also rich in humanistic and historical connotations. There are many outstanding people and cultural celebrities. It is understood that he has painstakingly written two volumes of Ding Zhen Zhi for Ruins Town (now lost), and Zhou, Zhao Richong and others have written exquisite inscriptions with real history and touching literary talent for Ruins Town and Chenlu place. However, the deeds of local scholars have not been verified one by one, although,