Interesting talk about sex 9- a ritual system in a new era-the ritual of Zhou Gong

Section 9? A New Era of Ritual System —— The Rites of Duke Zhou

The wheel of history turned to the Zhou Dynasty, the longest dynasty in China, the master of slave society, the beginning of feudal society and an important era of social system transformation in China.

? "Duke Zhou's ceremony is to pay tribute to the couple." Zhou Li's marriage system was an important system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which opened a new era of marriage system in China and laid the foundation for the ancient marriage system in China. Later dynasties basically continued the marriage system established in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

With the development of productive forces and the improvement of people's cognition, they "have enough food and clothing and think about lust". Inheriting the original legacy, in the absence of relatively complete laws and regulations, the social atmosphere is getting worse and worse, and the marriage customs of men and women are chaotic. At the same time, in order to maintain the needs of the ruling class, Duke Zhou, an important figure in historical laws and regulations and the pioneer of Confucianism, formulated a series of complete laws and regulations on rites and music.

? Let's start with the marriage system. Zhou Li believes that the way of husband and wife is the beginning of human relations, so it has formulated a strict system for marriage. The marriage system in the early Western Zhou Dynasty mainly stipulated the following aspects: First, monogamy was implemented and concubinage was allowed conditionally. Obviously, concubinage is basically a matter for privileged nobles, and monogamy for civilians is very good. Second, the marriage system, or concubine system, that is to say, even if you are married, you must take your wife and your sister-in-law, otherwise you will look down on your in-laws. A daughter-in-law without a sister and a girl with close relatives at home can bring up to twelve. Concubine is between wives and concubines and has the right to inherit after the death of his wife. Third, it is well known that only by adhering to the "parents' orders and the words of the matchmaker" can we be recognized by the clan and society. Fourth, the same surname can't get married. There are two reasons: first, "men and women share the same surname, and children are not uncommon", which means that the same surname is not conducive to the healthy growth of children. In fact, for this reason, we can look at it this way. As far as the cognitive level of that era is concerned, the healthy growth of children and marriage are just a vague concept and should be a rhetoric. In fact, the Zhou tribe is too small compared with the Shang tribe, and the same surname does not marry, which can expand the rule of the Zhou tribe. Secondly, there is the second reason, that is, "marrying a different surname is far and thick", that is, strengthening the contact with the aristocrats with different surnames through marriage, thus consolidating power. Marriage age: generally male is 20 years old, female is 15 years old. Marriage needs to go through six procedures.

The procedure of engagement and marriage is quite complicated, which is explained in detail in Li Zhou. Weddings go through the stages of receiving gifts, asking names, Naji, receiving gifts, inviting dates, welcoming relatives and so on. This is the so-called "Six Rites", and marriage can be considered as a legal, serious and formal union.

"Accepting talents" is the first item of the wedding, which is the marriage negotiation stage. That is to say, the man secretly loves the woman, wants to find a matchmaker, and asks the matchmaker to hold a "goose" ceremony to go to the woman's house for advice. In the "six-person ceremony", except for "Zheng Na", all other ceremonies should use "Wild Goose" as the meeting ceremony. Later generations, people gradually replaced it with chickens, ducks and geese. Of course, it is more direct for China people to use gold and RMB now.

"Ask the name." If the woman agrees, she will accept the "goose" ceremony, then write down her birthday and give it to the matchmaker to bring it back to the man.

After the "Naji" man received the woman's birthday, he asked the fortune teller to calculate whether it was appropriate. If all goes well, send a matchmaker to the woman's house for permission. This procedure evolved into a procedure for later generations of men and women to exchange Geng posts and engage in engagement.

? "Zheng Na" is the betrothal gift, which is now the bride price. At that time, it was the key for men and women to get married. There is no "sign", and both men and women have the saying "no money, no kiss" and "no money, no meeting". It seems that it is necessary to receive a bride price.

Please invite. Once the woman accepts the bride price, the man will find a fortune teller to choose a date and prepare for the wedding. At the same time, inform the woman of the wedding date as soon as possible. After receiving the exact date, the woman must prepare the dowry, send the man "shopping" before marriage, and make proper arrangements to prepare for the wedding.

"Wedding" is the last section of "Six Rites". On the wedding day, a man must greet the woman politely in person. After that, he went back to the man's house to worship heaven and earth, Gaotang and ancestor worship, and the marriage was formally established.

? In "Zhou Li", after the "Six Rites", there is even a set of etiquette for entering the bridal chamber. "Dunlun" is the courtesy and nickname of Duke Zhou for mating. "Dunmu's relationship with his wife is based on the principle that men are easy to women, which is in harmony with heaven and earth. Yin and Yang are harmonious, Kun Kun is orderly, the dimension is unchanged, and there are many descendants. " The posture, principle and benefits of sexual intercourse are all clearly stated here. Hehe, praise the Duke of Zhou, who was regarded as the "bed god" by some people in later generations.

In addition to strict rules on marriage, there are also clear rules on dissolution of marriage. The condition for the dissolution of marriage is "seven out". If one of them is met, a man can divorce his wife. But there are also restrictions, that is, "three can't go out", and three situations are used as constraints and supplements.

? "Seven endings": First, "disobedient aunt" refers to a wife who is not filial to her husband's parents and violates morality. The second kind is "childless", which means that if a wife can't have a son, she is "childless", which is a very serious matter in a patriarchal society. The third kind is "fornication", which means that the wife is cheating and morally corrupt. The fourth is "jealousy", which means that a wife can't be jealous of her husband's concubines on the grounds of "family chaos". The fifth is "getting seriously ill", which means that the wife's mobility is inconvenient and affects family sacrifices. Sixth, "talkative" can be understood as "gossiping" and "gossiping" of women. Seventh, "stealing" refers to stealing things on the grounds of violating "righteousness" and rules.

? One of the "three don't go" is "I took something and didn't go back", which means that my husband's family is deserted and homeless. The second is "mourning for three years", which means that the wife has been mourning for her husband's father or mother for three years. The third is "being poor before getting rich", which means that a husband is poor when he marries a wife and later becomes rich.

It can be seen from the provisions on whether to dissolve the marriage that the dissolution of the marriage has nothing to do with the feelings of both parties, and it has nothing to do with feelings. The marriage system in Zhou Li is an important norm in the field of marriage and family in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which embodies the most important principle of patriarchal supremacy and patriarchal clan system and demeans women. However, it runs through ethics and the moral spirit of patriarchal clan system, which has a certain protective effect on maintaining ethical code and female moral norms.

Please see Section 10 "Poetry of the Western Zhou Dynasty"