What is Shang?

Shanglin Fu is a poem written by Sima Xiangru, a poet in the Western Han Dynasty, and a companion piece of Zi Xufu. The inaccurate description of "Zixu" and "Five Degrees" first led the son of heaven to go to the forest, and then in turn praised the victory of water potential, aquatic products, vegetation, animals, Taiwan view, trees and apes in the son of heaven, then wrote that the son of heaven hunted in the Qing palace, and finally wrote that the son of heaven repented and reflected. Quanfu has a large scale, rich vocabulary, vivid description and vivid rendering.

original text

Fushanglin

Author Sima Xiangru Dynasty Han Dynasty

Death is a public laugh, saying, "Although Chu lost, Qi did nothing. Fu Cha asked the vassals to pay tribute, not for the money, so he also made a contribution. People who seal the border and draw circles are not defending themselves, so prostitution is forbidden. Today, it is listed as an eastern vassal, so you can't be cautious, donate more than the limit, and cross the sea to fight in the field. Moreover, the theory of two kings does not understand the meaning of monarch and minister, and it is the gift of princes. The only thing is to fight for the fun of the game. When the garden is big, you want to win with luxury and ridiculousness. This can't make a name for itself, but it is enough to belittle the monarch and hurt yourself. What's more, what's more? You didn't see the beauty of your husband, but you didn't smell the forest above the son of heaven.

Left cangwu, right west pole; Fresh water goes further south and resources go further north. At the end of the day, I went in and out of the warp and weft; There is a lot of work to be done, and the rest is left to the snake, and the business is within it. Swinging around the eight rivers, they are opposite and different. East, west, north and south, running back and forth, out of the corner of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Mountain, walking on the mud-covered pu, passing through Guilin and passing through the wild land. The turbulent water flows down the river to the narrow mouth, touches the dome stone, stirs up the pile, boils with rage and surges. The water gushed out, forcing the side to secrete water, and the cross flow reversed, turning bitter and pouring water. The dome is a cloud-shaped, plastic cup. Over the waves, I am eager to go down. Groups of rocks rushed to embrace, swarmed and stagnated. Facing the ravine, it is falling, sinking, slapping, crushing, crushing and screaming. The waves are jumping, foaming and diseases are drifting. Long and silent, I will return forever. Then, overflow, Anxiang Xugui, rush, inject into East Taihu Lake, overflow the pond.

As a result, Sharksaurus was red. Gradually drifting away, the fin rises, the fin rises, the tail falls, the scales shake, the deep rocks are hidden, the fish and turtles scream, and everything is in groups. Bright moon pearl, beautiful river. Shu stone yellow cymbals, water jade thunder, phosphorus rot, color sweat. Swan is jade, goose is jade. Fine and beautiful, annoying and boring, flawed. Lu, the regiment floats on it, covered in lewdness, disappears with the wind, shakes with the waves, swallows algae and chews lotus roots.

As a result, mountains are worshipped, Cui Wei is covered, forests are huge, and rocks are in full bloom. Here, here, here. The south mountain is towering, and the rocks fall, destroying the rising battery. The bronze drums in the west of the town are blasphemous, and the doubts are clear. On the other side of Fuling Island, there are many twists and turns, the hills are empty and there are secluded bases. Up and down, the pool is arrogant, prostitutes are dissolved, pavilions are scattered. Use green branches, Gracilaria, weeds and miscellaneous things to keep foreigners. Cloth knots, sand accumulation, uncovering cars and orchids, shooting roots and stems, smashing ginger lotus, holding the sun, fresh yellow gravel, Zhu Jiang Qing Bi, cloth smashing, Yan Man Tai Yuan. Stay away from the noise, we must be invincible in the wind, spit out the fragrance to improve our strength, get depressed, smell more and more, and it will be awkward to write the cloth.

So, Zhou Lan closed the door, and Zhen Fen rolled up fluorene, and suddenly. Looking at it for no reason, looking at it indefinitely, sunrise in the eastern swamp, into the west. In the south, it grows in the dead of winter and rushes with the water. What is a beast? Qiong Qi is like a rhinoceros. In the north, there is frozen soil in midsummer and rivers are covered with ice. Its beasts are unicorn horns, stubborn camels, scorpions, scorpions and mules.

As a result, I left the palace, crossed the valley and walked four notes on the high gallery. I'm sitting in Qugri again. I'm on a long trip. Building a hall, increasing the number of tired platforms, building caves, not seeing its scenery, climbing to the sky, the stars are not only in the boudoir, the rainbow is in the porch, and the green dragon is young in the east wing. The ritual spring surged in the clean room, and Tongchuan Tai Atrium. The rock rocked the cliff and tilted. Cragginess, cutting towering. Beautiful roses, many corals, jade beside the Tang Dynasty, thick scales, red defects and miscellaneous. At the same time, Cai Chao and He Shi are absent.

As a result, Lu Ju is ripe in summer, Huang Gan is orange, loquat is persimmon, pavilion is magnolia, jujube is Myrica rubra, cherry is Pu Tao, husband is quiet, branches are detached, in the harem. Hill, low level, green leaves, purple stems, safflower, Zhu Rong, Rong, Rong. Oak in Shatang, Maple in Huafeng, Evil Spirit, Renhe Frequency, Sandalwood Magnolia, Zhang Yu Ligustrum lucidum, towering, Dalian Embrace, boasting straight and smooth, real leaves and strong, clustered and rolled. Wandering by the pool, turning back to the harem, being attacked by the ravine, it is regarded as unprovoked and endless.

As a result, mysterious females, flying females, leeches and cockroaches live in it. Whistling and wailing, whispering and passing by. It's embarrassing. It's embarrassing. Liang Ya, Teng Shuzhen, Jie Cui and Guan Xishi are firmly far away from their hometown, brilliant and far away. If there are hundreds of such people. Recreational tourism, palace accommodation, kitchen not moving, harem not moving, equipped with hundreds of officials.

As a result, autumn involves winter, and the son of heaven hunts. Holding a carved statue, six jade flags, dragging a brocade and waving a cloud flag, visit Pixuan in front and the road behind. Sun Shufeng, Gong Wei and their entourage ran amok, which surprised the four schools. Drum strict book, longitudinal hunters, rivers for Iraq, Mount Tai for sculling, riding thunder, moving, separated, not chasing. Prostitutes come down to the world, and the reason is that the clouds are raining. Give birth to a leopard, fight a jackal, carry a hand, step on a sheep, be a sheep, set a white tiger, be a banwen, cross a horse, and face three dangers. The path is steep and dangerous, and the more water is broken. This is a shame, this is a joke, this is a shrimp clam, this is a fierce family, this is a slap in the face, this is a seal. The arrow doesn't hurt people, so the brain is stuck, the bow is not empty, and it falls.

So I took advantage of the festival to wander, soar, advance and retreat, and watch the transformation of generals. Then, I violated her and promoted the festival. I left, and I was replaced by birds and cunning beasts. White deer, smart rabbit, red electricity, glory. Chasing monsters, out of the universe, bent and weak, covered with white feathers, shooting at owls and oak flies. Choose meat and send, the first one, life in the middle, string points, art as a servant. Then, the festival rises, the wind shakes, the experience is terrible, take advantage of it and be with God. Lin xuanhe, chaotic chicken, long hole Luan, promoting birds, brushing birds, taking phoenix, welcoming birds, bright. When the road is exhausted, get back to the car. Stay away from the sheep, go south and north, lead the army straight to the enemy's hometown. Stone Que, crossing the mountain, crossing the magpie, looking at the cold, getting down the pear, resting Yichun, Xichi Xuanqu, Tiger Tau, Denglongtai and Gaiyangliu. Looking at the diligence of the scholar-officials, all the gains of hunters, the places where big cars are used, and the places where people ride, they are all the same as the ministers of the people, instead of being extremely tired and frightened. The deceased was from other countries, filling holes and valleys to cover up peace.

As a result, the game is slack, buying wine is a luxury, while Zhang Le is a luxury. Beat the bell of a thousand stones, erect a spear of a stone, build the flag of cuihua, build the drum of tree essence, play the dance, listen to Ge Zhi's song, thousands of people sing together, ten thousand people are in harmony, the hills shake and the valleys sway. Bayu Songcai, Huainan Catcher, Wencheng Diange, Clan Gobang recital, golden drums and even golden drums, the sound of guns is deafening and heartbreaking. Jason Wu Kevin·Z's voice, the joy of martial arts, the voice of Yin and Yang family and the case of Yin and Yang family, and the colorful and exciting Chu style. It was Dillon who took the initiative to show respect for dwarfs, so people who entertain people and enjoy themselves have gorgeous front and beautiful back. If my husband is a master and a disciple of Fu Fei, he is extremely unconventional, enchanting and refined, beautifully decorated, elegant, gentle and graceful, charming and delicate. If you drag the cocoon alone, it will be easy to cut it with a shirt, and then it will break, fragrant and cold. White teeth are rotten, and laughter is also appropriate; Long eyebrows, even Juan, are slightly shy, and the color gives people the pleasure of soul and soul.

So he was full of wine and rice, and the son of heaven thought about it as if he were dead, saying, "Hehe!" This is a great luxury. I enjoy my leisure time by browsing and listening. I have nothing to dislike the sun. I will fight with heaven and rest here. I was afraid of the beauty of the leaves, so I went and didn't come back, so I went and didn't come back, so I continued to be my successor. "

As a result, he stopped hunting after drinking, and ordered a minister to say, "The land can be reclaimed, called agricultural suburbs, to raise Li Meng and fill the Great Wall, so that the people in Shanze can get a lot." Can not help but pool, empty the Forbidden City, save the poor, make up for the lack, widowed, lonely, give a good name, save punishment, change the system, easy to enjoy, start new, and start new with the world.

So Li Jiri stopped fighting, attacked the imperial costume, took a ride, built a Chinese flag, sang jade phoenix, toured six arts, indulged in benevolence and righteousness painting, watched the Spring and Autumn Annals, shot his head, participated in "fear", danced cranes and carried clouds? , elegant, sad "Cut Sandalwood", Xu Lele, in the ceremony garden, soaring in the book garden, describing the "Yi" road, putting monsters, entering the temple, sitting in the temple, playing with two ministers, is a must in all corners of the world. When he was in Sri Lanka, he said that the country listened to the local wind and went downstream, and the flowers moved to righteousness, and the punishment was wrong. Delong was in the three kings, but his merits were envied by the five emperors. If this is the reason for hunting, it is gratifying. If the husband gallops all day long, works hard, stops using horses and chariots, consumes the essence of foot soldiers and the wealth of the state treasury, devotes himself to pleasure, ignores the public, corrupts national politics and greets the interests of rabbits, then the benevolent can do nothing. From this perspective, the matter of neat and tidy is not sad! The place is only a thousand miles away, but living 900 miles away, vegetation can't be cultivated, and people have no food. Husband and vassal are fine, they like luxury, and servants are afraid of the people.

So the second son suddenly changed his face. If he lost something, he wandered around and sat away from the table, saying, "I am humble and I don't know taboos. I am a teacher now and I am really taught. "

Vernacular translation

Death laughed and said, "Chu is wrong, but Qi may not be right. If the vassals are asked to pay tribute, it is not for money, but for them to come to the DPRK regularly. The boundary of fiefs is not to protect the boundary, but to prevent princes from indulging in deviant behavior. Now that Qi has become a vassal of the East, it is unreasonable to go hunting outside the territory and in the East China Sea without permission. What's more, in your speech, you don't pay attention to the relationship between monarch and minister, and correct the vassal etiquette. But you compete with each other for the fun of hunting and the size of the hunting ground. Compared with each other, you win in indulgence. This will not bring any honor to the vassal states of your, but will reduce the reputation of your respective monarchs and damage your own image. If you say safari in your two countries, what is there to boast about? I'm afraid you two have never heard of the spectacle of the son of heaven shooting in the forest, have you?

Shanglinyuan, where the emperor hunted, has Cangwu in the east and Xiji in the west; Fresh water passes through the south and resources pass through the north. Lishui Lishui, all in the garden; Water mirror weishui, flowing in and out; The pickaxe is swaying among the four waters, and the water is winding in the garden. It is not normal for the mighty water in Bachuan to flow in different directions. There are east and west, south and north, Mercedes-Benz criss-crossing, endless communication. Some of them come from Jiaoshan Mountain, where the two peaks face each other, some pass through silted sand, some pass through lush Guilin, and some pass through endless Yuan Ye. The current is turbulent and turbid, betting along the mountain, rushing to the narrow mountain pass, colliding with the boulder and rushing to the sand bank, with fierce momentum and surging. The water is full of potential diseases, and the sounds collide, crisscross and roll around, and the waves are uneven. Turbulent and rotating like a cloud, entangled and entangled. The back wave overtook the front wave, rushed into the abyss, met the beach moraine, and suddenly formed a rapids. Rock breaking, dike rushing, surge and splash. It pours into sandbars, into gullies and gurgles. Falling into the pool, deep and rich, loud as thunder; The disease keeps flowing, shaped like boiling water. Hongbo galloped, water droplets soared, and the water turned sharply, fierce and urgent. Then grow up safely, run quietly and naturally return to Taihu Lake. Castration is boundless, comfort is gentle. Silver-white water filled the lake and spilled into the pond.

Here it is, Red Dragon. Li Zhe, Xiang Yu, Yu Yu and Chyi Yu, wagging their tails and scales, spreading their wings and hiding in deep rocks. Fish and turtles are noisy, everything is gathered, and big beads and small beads are shining on the river. Jade articles, such as Shu stone, cymbals, crystals, etc. , are piled up like stones, bright colors. Wild geese, storks, orioles, geese, geese, jade, copulation, rolling their eyes, annoying birds, canals, faults and cormorants float on the water in groups. Wandering leisurely, drifting freely, swaying, resting on the sandbar, eating aquatic plants and chewing lotus roots.

The mountains here are towering, majestic and steep, and the dense forests are towering and steep. Nine stands, Nanshan towering, mountain-like, steep and rugged. Rocks converge, streams close, twists and turns, and ditches fluctuate. The valley is empty and the mountains are hanging alone. The mountains are high and steep, the mound sites are steep, overlapping and the terrain is inclined. The valley is gradually flat, the water is gradually slow, flat and open, and it is endless. Covered with green leaves, clustered with Li Jiang, mixed with lush weeds, occasionally staying in the countryside, there are knots and green sand. In addition, the car rails are uncovered, the lotus flowers are shot dry, the purple ginger is fragrant, and the fresh branches of yellow gravel are covered by Ozawa and covered with plains. Widely distributed, invincible with the wind, fragrant and fragrant; The smell is intoxicating and refreshing.

Here, you can see all kinds of flowers and plants, dazzling, looking at it for no reason, endlessly examining it. The morning glow comes from the swamp in the east and the sun sets. To the south of Shanglinyuan, although it is the middle of winter, it is full of flowers, enthusiastic in the water and cheerful in the waves. What are the animals like there? Qiong Qi is like a rhinoceros. To the north of Shanglinyuan, although it is midsummer, it is freezing, so we have to cross the river on the ice. The animals there are unicorn horns, stubborn camels, stubborn donkeys and mules.

Here, the other halls of the Palace are all over the mountains, with a slow corridor, surrounded by noisy buildings and connected by curved pavilions. The rafters are carved with colors and decorated with jade, and the rafters are connected by pavilions. The corridor twists and turns, stopping halfway. The high mountain was leveled and a big hall was built on it. There are countless terraces, overlapping, deep caves and diving over the bottom of the cliff. You can't see the ground when you look down, but you can see the sky when you climb the rafters. Meteors pass outside the palace gate, the rainbow crosses the railing, and the east wing of Qinglong Shenxing is beside it, like a car winding outside the west wing. Immortals live in leisure halls, and charming people bathe in the rafters every day. Ganquan gushed out of the clean room, the stream ran through the atrium, and the water margin was built with rocks, which was steep and steep, and the boulder was carved steeply. Beautiful Yulin, coral, jade and orderly texture. The red defect is mottled with cliff stones, and,, and, also appear here.

Here, Xia Luju is ripe, yellow orange hazel, loquat and persimmon, pavilion magnolia, sheep jujube Myrica rubra, cherry grape, Shuiyue plum and oil paper litchi are clear, showing the northern garden. The fruit forest extends to the hills and meets the plains. Green leaves are rising, purple stems are shaking, red flowers are in full bloom, and Zhu Rong is hanging down, shining in the night. In addition, there are Castanopsis kawakamii, Betula platyphylla, Myrica rubra, Areca catechu, Sandalwood Magnolia, Cinnamomum camphora Holly, and Shentianbao trunk. Branches stretch, fruits and leaves flourish, clusters gather, bend and connect. The dishes are intertwined and support each other. Four branches, falling flowers flying, the trunk is tall and long, graceful. The wind blows the treetops, and the sound is sad, like the sound of a stone, controlling joy. The trees are high and deep, uneven, and surround the harem. The accumulation of factors, all over the mountains and valleys, along the hillside, down to the low humidity land. See it as endless and explore endlessly.

Here, mysterious apes, monkeys, rats, leeches, monkeys, monkeys all live in the forest, some howling, some whining, moving up and down, dexterous, shuttling between branches and playing with each other. Cross the broken bridge, jump into the jungle, walk from branch to branch, and throw into the sparse branches. Break up, break up, jump and walk away. There are hundreds of hunting grounds like this. Entertainment and tourism, stop at the palace, don't stay. Chefs, maids and officials dedicated to the son of heaven do not need to be transferred from North Korea.

Here Qiu Lai comes in winter, and the emperor hunts. Take a car inlaid with ivory, drive a horse decorated with jade, shake colorful neon lights, wave a cloud flag with bear and tiger patterns, with a car decorated with animal skins in front and a tour guide's car behind. Sun Shu took the lead, followed by Gong Wei, and all the guards surrounded the tinker. Beating gongs and drums in a strict ceremony parade encourages hunters to move forward bravely, with the river as the boundary of the hunting ground and Mount Tai as the lookout. The car galloped, the sound was like thunder, and it was earth-shattering The hunters scattered, scrambling, and everyone moved forward, chasing their prey. There are many hunting teams riding around Ling Ze, like clouds and sky, like rain falling on the ground. Capture a leopard alive, beat a jackal, kill a bear and set foot on a wild sheep. The hunter rode on the North Sea in a tail suit, trousers decorated with white tiger patterns and animal skins. Climb the mountain, gallop on the rugged hillside, cross the dangerous valley of the mountain and wade through the deep ditch and shallow valley. Stabbing dragonflies, teasing at the mercy, fighting shrimps and clams, stabbing people in the collar, riding in a trap, shooting wild boar and archery will hit the key, and the bow will be used when it is used.

Here, the son of heaven wandered around Jeff according to the March, soaring back and forth, watching the procession advance and retreat, and observing the general's actions. Then the car gradually accelerated and suddenly galloped away. Hunting birds, trampling on cunning animals, running over white deer and catching rabbits with lightning speed and extraordinary agility. Chasing monsters, hunting outside the park, bow and full moon, string and arrow, shooting owls and sheep, killing Fei Xun. Shoot the arrow at the fat part of the meat and hit the ideal target. If the arrow leaves the bowstring, the prey will die. Then, raise a continuous knot and gallop by car, just like soaring, just like riding a hurricane, ascending nothingness, getting along with God, stepping on Xuanhe, disturbing Kunming chickens, catching peacock birds, catching spotted red chickens, hitting gorgeous birds, throwing phoenixes and so on. Go get the bird and save Jiao Ming. Until the end of the trip, Fang drove back, strolled home and stopped at the village. Then he walked first, walked in the usual direction, visited the stone que, crossed the mountain, passed the magpie view, looked at the cold view, went down to Li Tang Palace and rested in Yichun Palace. Then I rushed to Xuanqu Palace in the west of Chixi, Kunming, took a boat to Niushouchi, passed Longtai Temple and came to Xiliuguan. Look at the hard work of officials, the number of prey obtained in the competition, and the animals that have been run over by vehicles, trampled by infantry and trampled to death by attendants. Poor, exhausted, frightened, crawling and scared to death are everywhere, covered with mountains and swamps, and countless.

Here, we enjoy ourselves and have a rest. We hold a banquet on Li Tiantai, compose music for Liao, knock on Hong Zhong, erect a clock stand, insert colorful green flags on tall trees, knock on giant drums, dance and listen to songs. Thousands of people sing, ten thousand people are in harmony, shake mountains and shake mountains, wander in the valley, gather Bayu to sing, cover Huainan, sing Yunnan, dance music all over the country, take turns to play, the sound of golden drums, one after another, sonorous and moving. Jason Wu Zhengwei's folk music, Shao Wuxiang's temple fair music, dissolute and indulgent singing, graceful dancing, high-pitched voice, and interest in treating short people, as well as female music from Xirong, are all pleasing to the eye, adding emotional entertainment and showing them to the emperor. Soft and graceful female music, like the goddess Fu Fei, looks very beautiful, carefully decorated, charming and slim, dressed in a pure silk blouse, slender and loose, and dances beautifully, which is different from the secular. It exudes a rich fragrance, fresh and strong. Bright white teeth, bright luster, curved eyebrows, beautiful eyes, attractive beauty, irresistible.

Here, satiated with food and wine, the son of heaven was disappointed. If something is lost, he will unconsciously say,' This is too extravagant! After listening to political talks, I wasted my time, hunted in time, and sometimes rested here. Although this has nothing to do with the current state affairs, what should future generations do if they do the same? If it continues to be uncontrolled, it will not leave a good tradition of creating meritorious deeds for future generations. "

Therefore, the son of heaven stopped drinking and hunting, and ordered the competent officials to say,' Anything that can be cultivated in the hunting grounds should be turned into farmland to feed the people. Tear down the fence, level the ravine, and let rural farmers live here. The aquatic animals in the pond are all caught by ordinary people, and the pavilion is closed, so they won't stay there any more. Open warehouses to help the poor, help refugees, be considerate of widows and take care of the lonely. Issue orders, reduce punishment, reform the system, change the color of horses and chariots, modify the calendar, and carry out political innovation with the people all over the world.

So, choose an auspicious day, fast, put on your royal clothes, sit on the French driving, hold high the China flag, drive the car, visit the Six Arts Garden, gallop on the righteous road, and swim in the forest of the Spring and Autumn Period. Play archery "Beaver Head" and "Yu Yu", dance and unite with Xuanhe. Visiting all the wise men in the world is like catching birds in the net. I sympathize with those who have no talent to cut Tan, and feel happy for those who have talent now. Take ceremony as the rule, skill as the garden, and easy as the guide, and release the rare birds and animals in the forest garden. Sit in the main hall and let the ministers take turns to report the gains and losses of politics. Therefore, all people will benefit. At this time, the people rejoiced, and when the order came out, it was banned, and all localities were affected. The Holy Way has been vigorously revitalized, the Chinese people pursue benevolence and righteousness, and the punishment is useless. The rule of virtue surpasses the three kings and the political achievements are better than the five emperors. If this level is reached, hunting can become really interesting. If you run around the hunting ground all day, it will not only be difficult for the emperor to struggle, but also consume the energy of horses and chariots, waste the energy of foot soldiers and lose the money of the national treasury, which will not be of any benefit to the people all over the world. This is intended to let the son of heaven enjoy it exclusively, regardless of the sufferings of the people, forgetting state affairs and coveting the interests of chickens and rabbits. The benevolent will not go this way. From this perspective, isn't hunting between the two countries sad? The territory of Fiona Fang is less than 1000 miles, and the gardens occupy 900. The land cannot be cultivated. What can people eat? I don't know that my country is small and low, but I want to enjoy the luxury of the son of heaven. I'm afraid the people will suffer. "

Then, nothing was eclipsed, and I felt that I was wrong. I took a step back from the meeting and said, "I am ignorant and reckless." Now I have benefited a lot from my teaching. "

To annotate ...

Sentence annotation

1. Shanglin: the name of the garden, in Chang 'an West, the old garden of Benqin. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty expanded, with Zhong Nanshan in the south, Weishui in the north and 300 Li in Fiona Fang, with 70 detached palaces. So that more than 3,000 rare trees and flowers were planted in various places, and animals were raised for the emperor to shoot and hunt.

2. The author's virtual role. Death means "nothing". Listen (yǐn) naturally: smile with your mouth open.

3. pay tribute: pay tribute.

4. debriefing: the ancient princes appeared before the emperor and stated the government affairs. State, state. Post refers to power and responsibility.

5. Fengjiang: Delineate the boundaries of vassal fiefs.

6. Prohibition of prostitution: immersion, immersion, extension to infringement, cross-border infringement.

7. Francisco: fence, extending to the barrier. In ancient times, vassal States were called vassals because they played the role of screen vassals in the central government.

8.Private: the verb adultery. Su Shen: The name of an ancient nation, the ancestor of Manchu, lived in today's northeast.

9. Donate: Leave your homeland. Donate, abandon. Overlimit: out of bounds.

10. Crossing the sea to go to the field: refers to the "green hills and autumn fields" in Zi Xu's fu. Tian, hunting with "Yi" and Yi.

Literary appreciation

From the content point of view, this essay is divided into four parts: from "Laughing at death for public hearing" to "I don't know the son of heaven alone above the forest", from "Zuo Cangwu" to "A hundred officials are prepared", from "So autumn involves winter" to "My heart is at my side", from "So I enjoy drinking" to "I am willing to be ordered". Then, through the tone of death for the public, he boasted the victory of water potential, aquatic products, vegetation, animals, Taiwan view, trees and apes in the forest garden, saying that the wonders of the forest garden were magnificent; Then, from the physical object in front to the rendering of the scene of the Emperor's school hunting, first write about the Emperor's review of various Song generals, then write about the extraordinary skill of the Emperor in returning from hunting and distributing prey to his followers, and finally write about the Emperor's hunting in celebration, buying wine in Zhang Le, and gathering beautiful women, which will push the extravagant scene to a climax. Then, after a step-by-step praise, he suddenly turned and wrote, "This is a great luxury." It completely overturns the praise in the last article, suggesting that the author's praise for decorating the forest and exaggerating hunting is exposing luxury, not praising merit. Then he skillfully put forward the political proposition of governing the country and protecting the people through the mouth of the son of heaven, which is an ironic admonition, euphemistic and profound. Then, using the topic to play, punning and satirizing the meaning in the song, I advised the emperor to take etiquette as the criterion and take the holy king as an example to recruit talents. Finally, it describes that the son of heaven is benevolent, the world is happy, and positive guidance is carried out. At the same time, it points out the harm of indulging in wild hunting all day long, compares positive and negative, bluntly satirizes and admonishes, and summarizes the full text, echoing the opening.

The whole fu takes narrative as the first, which highlights the artistic achievements of narrative fu; Post-Reasoning embodies the political content and artistic means of satirical remonstrance. Although "less prosperity is more than more fu", it not only achieves the effect of "describing objects", but also achieves the degree of "controlling heaven and earth, intricacies of ancient and modern times" and "burning Wewe Chan, the sound and appearance are dangerous". On the artistic carrier of "magnificence", the author's intention of "giving the family a heart, embracing the universe and leading the characters" has been fully realized.

Judging from the artistic achievements, this poem has a grand structure, "pushing the garden of the son of heaven", taking pictures of the universe and the mountains and rivers all over the world. Several paragraphs in the poem have their own themes, even if one or two paragraphs are deleted, it will not affect the overall structure; In addition, the content is extensive, no matter how magnificent the mountains and rivers are, how magnificent the temples are, how precious the vegetation is, how rare the scales are, and how unique the birds and animals are, they all exist in the form of possession. Multi-tone gardens, mountains, rivers, forests, flowers, plants and animals, even if some are subtracted, will not affect the overall content.

Creation background

When was this poem written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty? The exact time is unknown. At that time, the courtiers carved from the roots of the imperial court were brave enough to fight for power and profit, and were in the heyday of unification. The author also changed from an assistant minister of Liang Wang to an assistant minister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He created this poem under the inspiration of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and took the opportunity to display his talents and satirize Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

Brief introduction of the author

Sima Xiangru (about 179- 1 17) was born in Chengdu, Shu County (now Sichuan). Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty was a direct descendant of Wuqi and was dismissed due to illness. Later, he visited Liang Xiaowang with Mei Cheng and Zou Yang. He was appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his good ci-fu, and was named Lang, and was promoted to Xiaozong. His poems are rich in rhetoric, meteorology and imagination, and his masterpieces are Zi Xufu and Shang.