Knowledge about tea sets.

Tea set overview Tea set, called tea set or tea set in ancient times. The word "tea set" first appeared in the Han Dynasty. According to Wang Bao, a poet in the Western Han Dynasty, there is a saying that "there is no end to making tea, and the hole has been hidden". This is the historical data that China first mentioned "tea set". In the Tang Dynasty, the word "tea set" first appeared in Tang poetry. For example, Lu Guimeng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in the General Record of Lingling: "Visitors are not limited, and they will hold tea sets." Bai Juyi's "Tea after Sleeping" "This disposal rope bed has a tea washer next to it." Pi Rixiu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem about the pavilion of Chu family, in which Xiao Shugui moved the tea set. The word "tea set" can be found in all kinds of books in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. For example, in the History of Song Dynasty, it is said that "the emperor mourned the purple palace and the six officials lived in the north ... which is a famous fruit given to tea sets by Japan". The emperor of the Song Dynasty gave a "tea set" as a gift. Weng Juan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote: "I can never get tired of seeing Huang Ting on one axis, and I carry tea sets with me." The famous sentence, Yuan painter Wang Mian's "Blowing Xiao Out of the Gorge" has "hip flask and tea set on board." At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Ze, a painter known as the "Four Masters of Wuzhong", took the opportunity to write: "The tea set is still late, and the pot does not knock." It is not difficult to see that both poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties and painters in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties can often read the poem Tea Set. It shows that tea set is an inseparable and important part of tea culture. The origin of tea set is what modern people call "tea set". Mainly refers to teapots, teacups, teaspoons and other tea drinking utensils. Actually, there are only a handful of modern tea sets. But the ancient concept of "tea set" seems to refer to a wider range. According to Pi Rixiu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, the types of tea sets listed in "Ten Odes on Tea Sets" are "tea dock, tea man, tea bamboo shoots, tea sticks, teahouses, tea stoves, tea baking, tea ding, tea ou and boiled tea." Among them, "tea dock" refers to the concave land where tea is planted. "Tea man" refers to tea pickers. For example, the Book of Tea says, "Tea people use tea sets to pick tea." The word "tea set" first appeared in the Han Dynasty. According to Wang Bao, a ci-fu writer in the Western Han Dynasty, there is a saying that "the tea is exhausted and the hole is hidden", which is the earliest historical material that mentioned "tea set" in China. A "teapot" is a kind of appliance packed in boxes and cages. Tang Lugui dreamed of writing a poem "The Poem of Tea Storehouse", "The golden knife splits Cui Yun like a ripple weave." It can be seen that "tea barn" is a kind of tea set woven with bamboo and twill, and "teahouse" refers to the small hut where tea people live. One day in Pi Rixiu's Tea House Poetry in the Tang Dynasty, "Yang Yachen lived in the house for a few days, and the shed was filled with red springs, and the firewood fern was fried before baking. After Weng studied tea, women in China took a tea break, covered each other with firewood, and filled the mountains with incense. The poem describes the tea-making process in which people in teahouses bake, grind, stir-fry and pat tea. The ancients used a stove (charcoal stove) to cook tea. Since the Tang Dynasty, the stove for boiling tea has been called "tea stove". The Biography of Lu Guimeng in the Tang Dynasty said that he lived in Songjiang House and didn't like to associate with the common customs. Although he built a door, he refused to see it. He didn't ride a horse or take a boat. All day, he just "pitched a tent to eat". "A pile of books and tea stoves." Yang Wanli, who traveled in the rivers and lakes and claimed to be a "scattered man", was hailed as one of the "Four Wonders" after the Southern Song Dynasty, and wrote the sentence of "a bed, a tea stove, a earthen basin and a rattan statue". Chen Tao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Poems on Purple Bamboo": "Fragrant fragrance enters the tea stove, and the game is quiet and straight." It can be seen that the literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties are close to the "tea stove" whether studying or playing chess, and the tea stove is combined with the pen bed and earthen basin. It can be seen that the "tea stove" has been a daily necessity since the Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, the appliance for drying tea leaves was called "baking tea". According to "History of Song Dynasty Geography", "There is Beiyuan Baked Tea in Jian 'an. "It's famous, and according to the Book of Tea, baked tea is a kind of bamboo weaving, and it is wrapped in Indocalamus leaves. Because the leaves have the function of collecting fire, you can avoid roasting the tea leaves yellow. If the tea leaves are placed on a tea baking tray, it is required to bake at a low temperature, so as not to destroy the color and fragrance of the tea leaves. In addition to the tea set illustrated above. Tea can also be found in various ancient books: teapot, teapot, tea house, tea mortar, tea cabinet, tea press, tea trough, tea basket, tea board, saucer, tea bag, tea spoon, teaspoon and so on. How many kinds of tea sets are there? According to "Friends of Cloud Creek", "Twenty-four things Lu Yu made tea sets. "According to the Tang Dynasty writers Ten Teasets and Friends of Yunxi, there are at least 24 kinds of ancient tea sets. The concept of "tea set" mentioned in this historical material is very different from today. The improvement of tea set in the late Middle Ages Before drinking tea, the ancient people had to boil the tea on the stove. Before the Tang Dynasty, the method of drinking tea was to grind tea into fine powder and add ointment, rice flour and so on. Make tea balls or cakes, mash them when drinking, and add seasoning to fry them. Since the Tang Dynasty, scholars have been arguing about when tea was cooked. For example, Ouyang Xiu's Postscript Collection of Ancient Records in Song Dynasty said: "The history of tea has been covered since Wei and Jin Dynasties. "Later generations saw a' tea-fried man' in Wei's Collection of Prospectus. Therefore, it is considered that tea frying began in Wei and Jin Dynasties. According to the south window notes, "tea drinking began in Tian Liang prison (AD 502). "According to Wang Bao's" Love Covenant ",there is a saying that" making tea has everything ".It can be seen that cooking tea requires a set of utensils. It can be seen that there were tea sets in the Western Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, with the vigorous development of tea-drinking culture, steaming, roasting, frying and other technologies were more mature. According to the "Painter", "In Zhenyuan period (AD 785), the long stick was the secretariat of the state. It was first steamed and then baked, and it was called paste tea, and then it was slightly pie-shaped, so it was called string. "Tea cakes and tea skewers must be cooked with tea sets to drink. This will undoubtedly promote the reform of tea sets and enter a new era of tea sets. In the late Middle Ages, during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a kind of "teacup" made of copper was used to make tea. According to Records of the Historian, since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, tea-making utensils have been called "teacups", also known as "wind cups". Lu You's Poem of Crossing the Temple Day: "When tea is smoked, you know the fun, but chess pieces are hard to know. "Based on this, it is speculated that there were' tea cups' during the Lu You period in the Song Dynasty, and the famous tea cups in the Yuan Dynasty were' Jiangzhu tea cups'." "Eight Notes on Respect for Life" said: "In the Yuan Dynasty, there were two casting methods in Pingjiang, Jiang Niangzi and Ji Wang, which were famous at that time. "These two casting methods mainly wax the surface of the pot to make it smooth and beautiful, and there are exquisite patterns on the teapot." "The method is ancient and the style is impressive," he added, adding that copper smelting is also clean ... or made. "Real refers to gold plating. It can be seen that the tea cups in Yuan Dynasty were exquisite, and the "bronze tea cups" were widely used in Ming Dynasty, which was characterized by paying attention to carving skills in workmanship. Among them, there is a kind of copper, which is the most luxurious in the Ming Dynasty. " "Gourmet" is an ancient name for an evil animal. This carved animal shape is common in ancient Zhongding Yi wares. This is an exquisite carving decoration. It can be seen that the cups in the Ming Dynasty are antique and their carving skills are outstanding. In the late Middle Ages in China, in addition to the teacups used for making tea, there were also "soup bottles" specially used for boiling water. At that time, it was commonly known as "blowing tea" or "chopsticks", also known as "firewood". The ancients in China first used pots and pans to boil water. "Huai Nan Zi Shuo Shan Xun" contains: "Taste a cup of meat and know the taste of an iron pot. Gao said, "There is enough sun in the pot, but there is not enough sun in the pot." . "During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some areas in southern China were called iron pots. According to historical records, it was not until the late Middle Ages that the ancient method of boiling water with tripod and iron pot was gradually replaced by "soup bottle". In the past, some writers believed that the method of "making tea" (that is, "ordering tea") appeared in China before and after the Yuan Dynasty, so it changed the water-boiling apparatus in the Yuan Dynasty (referring to the reformed soup bottle). However, according to the historical data collected by the author, the bottle of boiling water existed in the Southern Song Dynasty. By the way, here are two historical materials. It is recorded in Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "In the tea classics, fish, springs and lotus beads are the festival of boiling water. But recently (referring to the Southern Song Dynasty), tea has been rotten, and it is difficult to wait until the water boils in the pot. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish one boiling, two boiling and three boiling by sound. "According to Luo Dajing, in the past (before the Southern Song Dynasty), it was easy to observe the boiling degree of water when boiling water with a tripod and an iron pot, but it was difficult to observe when boiling water with a bottle, so we had to judge the boiling degree of water by listening to the sound of the water." "He Lin Yu Lu" also said: "Lu Yu's legal basis (refers to broken tea powder) Lu Yu, a native of the Tang Dynasty, is the author of the Tea Classic and is regarded as the founder of the rise of tea culture in the Tang Dynasty. Such a tea maker used a "wok" to boil water, which shows that the "soup bottle" was not used in the Tang Dynasty. According to Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, when talking about boiling water, he said, "The crab's eyes have crossed the fish's eyes, and he wants to make a song ... A silver bottle of diarrhea soup praises two, and I don't know what the ancients meant by decocting water. "Su Shi's poems can be used as another good example of" soup bottle "boiling water since the Song Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, it was more common to make tea with "soup bottles", and the styles and varieties of soup bottles also increased. According to the types of metals, there are tin bottles, lead bottles and copper bottles. At that time, the tea bottles were mostly bamboo tubes. Wen Zhenheng, the author of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, said that this bamboo tube soup bottle has the advantages of "no leakage of fire, and it is convenient to take notes (make tea)". It can be seen that soup bottles can be used for boiling water as well as making tea. At the same time, porcelain tea bottles began to be used in the Ming Dynasty, but because "porcelain bottles boil water, although they do not take away the taste of soup, they are not applicable and unsightly. "So, in fact, porcelain tea bottles were not used in daily life in the Ming Dynasty. There are also grotesque works in the "tea bottle" of the Ming Dynasty. See "Ode to Ancient Couplets and Collection of Pearl Picking". " After sucking up the water in the south of the Yangtze River, Pang Lao never knew himself again, and it was as rotten as mud, with three bottles of tribute tea. "There are three tea bottles in the Ming Dynasty, which is unusual and divorced from the reality of life. There is no doubt that this strange tea bottle can only be used as a collection decoration, that's all. /view/37457.htm Please see more.