Wu Zetian built Luoyang as her capital. Why was she buried in Xian Yang County after her death?

After listening to politics for a period of time, Wu Zetian finally ousted his son from the throne, established his own dynasty, made his own title, established Luoyang as the capital, and made him addicted to the emperor.

Wu Zetian is not only ambitious, but also capable. She can handle the state affairs well, keep everything in order and make the people live and work in peace and contentment. Finally, when Wu Zetian was in her eighties, she was forced off the throne by ministers. Wu Zetian finally gave the throne to his son, and the world was still Li's world. Although later generations hated the queen for taking her son's throne as the emperor, one was that Wu Zetian finally gave the throne to the Li family, and the other was that the female emperor was brilliant and was buried in Liangshan, Ganling County according to Wu Zetian's wishes after her death.

In 690 A.D. (the first year of God's Grant), a generation of powerful woman Wu Zetian ascended the throne as the emperor, abolished the name of the Tang Dynasty, established the Wu Zhou Dynasty, and made Luoyang the capital of Wu Zhou, known as the "God Capital".

Since then, 65-year-old Wu Zetian, who struggled all her life, has reached the peak of her life, becoming the only orthodox female emperor in the history of China.

As for Luoyang, the capital of Wu Zetian, there is a saying that she is afraid of ghosts.

During Tang Gaozong and Li Zhi, Wu Zetian was in the harem. If she wants to survive, get rid of fate and even claim the title of emperor, she must defeat all her opponents. You have no reason to die. Therefore, this determines that she must be both talented and heartless!

Wu Zetian's cruelty began to appear from her second visit to the palace. She once killed the Queen Wang and then the Queen Wang, and died miserably. Who knows that these two are not good stubble, almost drove Wu Zetian crazy after his death, scared Wu Zetian to live in Chang 'an Palace, and finally moved the capital.

The living are driven crazy by the dead? What the hell is going on here? Listen to Brother Feng one by one.

According to reports, after the murder of Queen Wang and his wife, Wu Zetian often dreamed of "haunted" at night, and was always awakened by nightmares in the middle of the night, and made a strange strict order: cats are not allowed in the palace. After martial arts, I was afraid of cats and stayed with the cats in the harem. I either killed them or drove them away and disappeared for a while. .....

This incident is clearly recorded in the official history "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty-The Biography of Emperor Gaozong after Abolishing the Emperor": "I (Wu Hou) heard that there are no cats and animals in the Sixth Palace."

Although there were no cats in the palace, Wu Zetian was still fidgeting, and the problem became more and more serious. What happened?

It is clearly recorded in The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Biography of the King after the Imperial Abolition: "After Wu, two people were often beaten to death. If they were evil, they would like to thank the witch, that is, they moved to Penglai Palace to see Li Fu, so they stayed more."

It turned out that Wu Zetian always dreamed of the ghost of the queen and her at night, with long hair and blood all over her, and came to find her to die. She was often frightened and troubled, so she asked a wizard to exorcise ghosts, but it was useless. Later, in order to avoid ghosts, I moved to Penglai Palace, but I saw the ghosts of Wang and Xiao. Endless. What should we do?

Wu Zetian, who was repeatedly frightened, was uneasy and almost driven crazy. Later, Chang 'an Palace stopped living and had to live in Luoyang, the eastern capital, most of the time.

We know whether she has a better life after living in Luoyang, but what we can know is that Wu Zetian, who later became the queen, simply set her capital in Luoyang, avoiding the bumps between Chang 'an and Luoyang.

Of course, although Chang 'an was the capital of the Tang Dynasty, it also gave her too many bumpy, sad and painful memories. Leaving this sad place and going to Luoyang Palace, 800 miles away, perhaps Wu Zetian will feel more peaceful and comfortable, and also reduce her own shadow (avoiding ghosts and other entanglements). ).

Wu Zetian moved the capital to Luoyang only because of ghosts and psychological shadows?

1, political considerations

Zhou Wuwang's goal is to "accommodate China", that is, to create a new capital in the "world". Later, a new capital, Zhou Chengwang, was established for Luoyang. Since then, Luoyang has been the capital of later dynasties.

Wu Zetian took Luoyang as the "God Capital" and established a sacred position. The construction of Vientiane Temple shows the fate and orthodoxy of Wu, and also effectively implies the significance of establishing Zhou as the capital.

Wu Zetian, the founder of Wu Zhou Dynasty, came from usurping Li Tang. Moving the capital to Luoyang can, to a certain extent, shake off or weaken the old forces that supported Li Tang.

Away from the old foundation of Li Tang, we can better manage and stabilize the new foundation of Wuzhou. First, the new atmosphere of the Wu Zhou Dynasty, going to the old capital to welcome the new capital; Secondly, Luoyang is also the power base of Wu Zetian.

2. Geographical location

As far as geographical location is concerned, Luoyang is suitable to be the national capital, with unique natural advantages, and it is the first choice as the political center of Wu and Zhou Dynasties.

Luoyang has the Yellow River in the north and Mangshan is a natural barrier. In the south, Yique is steep, in the west, it is dangerous to control the letter, and in the east, it is difficult to control the tiger prison and Blackstone. The Yiluo Plain has fertile soil, abundant food and can be self-sufficient.

Therefore, Luoyang is a strategic location of "controlling the three rivers and consolidating the four blockades", which makes Luoyang have superior military conditions of "controlling the interior and keeping the exterior", and its geographical location is also suitable as the national capital.

3. Historical reasons

In the second year of celebrating Tang Gaozong in Li Zhixian (657), the "two capitals system" was implemented, with Luoyang as the east capital except Chang 'an. Since then, Emperor Gaozong has traveled frequently between the two capitals.

In fact, from the second year of Linde (665), Tang Gaozong and Wuhou basically lived in Luoyang for a long time, while Chang 'an was mainly used for national ceremonies and sacrifices.

Tang Gaozong lived in Luoyang in the later period of Li Zhi, and even died in Luoyang at the last moment of his life. Luoyang is a place where Tang Gaozong, Li Zhi and Wuhou have long-term contacts. There are emotional factors and a layer of historical factors.

4. Leading factors

After the Tang Dynasty, after Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong, the ruled territory expanded continuously.

In the first year of Emperor Gaozong (668), the territory of the Tang Dynasty reached an unprecedented scale: "Its land is east of the sea, west of Yanqi, south of Linzhou and north of Xueyantuo. The east-west length is 95 1 1 mile, and the north-south length is 169 18 mile. "

According to the territory (scope) of the Tang Dynasty at that time, Chang 'an was slightly west than Luoyang on the map. Luoyang, with Guanzhong basin in the west and North China Plain in the east, has been called "the world" since ancient times. Therefore, taking Luoyang as the capital has the function of "taking the world in the middle".

5. Economic reasons

Kanto region, where Luoyang is located, has better economic conditions than Guanzhong where Chang 'an is located.

Kanto region is located in the North China Plain at the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the three rivers (Henan, Hanoi and Hedong) at its western end are the confluence of the four rivers of Iraq, Luoyang, Henan and Hebei. Agriculture has been very developed since ancient times.

Before the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, it was already the most developed agricultural area in China. The improvement of kanto region's economic development level indirectly strengthens the importance of Luoyang's status.

The reason why Wu Zetian was buried in Ganling, Xianyang after her death.

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, initiated the precedent of "cutting mountains and digging holes, and burying mountains as tombs". After his death, he was buried in Jiuzhangshan, Liquan County, Xianyang, named Zhaoling, which is the tomb of Empress Hewende.

Since then, many emperors in the Tang Dynasty have followed suit. Later, Li Zhi, Tang Gaozong also built a magnificent dry mausoleum for himself in Liangshan, Ganxian County, Xianyang. After the Dragon Coup, the old Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate, her son Tang Zong restored Li Xian, Wu Zhou perished, and the world belonged to Li Tang.

After Wu Zetian's death, Li Xian buried his mother Wu Zetian and his father Li Zhi in Ganling as the Empresses of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Tang Zhongzong Li Xian is also an important reason.

The reason why Wu Zetian has been praised by people for more than 1000 years is because she has extraordinary wisdom and courage. She chose to be buried next to Emperor Li Zhi, which is also an outstanding feature of Wu Zetian.

We know that after 665 years, Empress Wu Zetian and Emperor Li Zhi basically spent their time in Luoyang. 40 years later, in 705, Zhang Jianzhi and others launched a dragon coup, and only then did the 83-year-old Wu Zetian withdraw from the position of emperor.

At that time, Wu Zetian asked his son to enter the Li Ancestral Hall after his death, be buried next to the Emperor Li Zhi, and remove his own emperor name ("attaching the temple, returning to the mausoleum, and going to the emperor's name").

(Ganling double breasts que)

Later, his son Li Xian obeyed Wu Zetian's wishes and buried her next to Li Zhi, his father in Ganxian County, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province.

Wu Zetian's choice is very reasonable.

Choosing to be buried in Ganling is a penetrating political gesture made by Wu Zetian. As the most emperor, Wu Zetian decided to let her son continue to be in charge of the world, despite a brief depression in the choice of successors. Choosing to be buried as emperor Li Zhi can appease Li Tang forces in the world. Wu Zetian, who has been tossing for most of her life, knows better than anyone that her decision has intangible and powerful power. This kind of decision can reduce a lot of unnecessary troubles.

(Gan Ling tells about the monument)

Burying in Ganling is the inevitable choice for Wu Zetian to return to humanity in her later years. Before and after the Shenlong coup, Wu Zetian was in an internal and external dilemma. The strength of Wushi Group was weakening day by day, and the strength of Shili Group was also choppy. She clearly realized that if the world was handed over to Wu, there would be a coup in the imperial court, which would bring disaster to her motherland. And asked to be buried beside Li Zhi, which not only shows that he is the daughter-in-law of the Li family, but also shows the determination of Li Tang Group to return to politics.

Some people say that Wu Zetian was buried in Ganling to enjoy the sacrifice of the descendants of the Li family, while others say that Wu Zetian was buried in Ganling to atone for the Li family and so on. These are actually underestimating the great wisdom of Wu Zetian.

This question is relatively clear! The "Zhou" dynasty established by Wu Zetian evolved peacefully from the "Tang" dynasty established by the Li family. After Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, it was widely believed that the world belonged to the Li family. In order to achieve the distinction, Wu Zetian set Luoyang as the capital, which is also an important place for the capital and the capital. In this way, the rules will not be affected and the difference will be reached. As for the reason why she was buried in Ganling after her death. Because she passed the throne to her son before she died, the country went to the Li family. She became the daughter-in-law of the Li family again. Of course, she should be buried with her husband Li Zhi, and she will be buried where her husband is buried. It's just that the child is suffering, and the tombstone can't be written, so we have to give her a "no-word tablet" ...

The place of burial is the clearest explanation of identity. The most important and crucial reason why Wu Zetian was buried in Xianyang instead of Luoyang was that Wu Zhou of Wu Zetian did not last.

As early as in Zhou Li, there were positions of "Burial Man" and "Grave Doctor", who were in charge of "Cemetery Land" and "National Cemetery Land" and "Cemetery Land" referring to the royal cemetery; "State cemetery" refers to the cemetery of people in a state. The royal cemetery is centered on the tomb of the late king, and the descendants are buried in Zhao Mu's order. The graves of ordinary people should also be buried in Zhao Mu's order, and they can't be buried wherever they want.

Before her death, Wu Zetian took over the national Wu Zhou of Li Tang royal family. In order to get rid of the old tendency of supporting Li Tang dynasty, she stayed away from Li Tang and Chang 'an, the capital of Datang. With Luoyang as the capital of gods, the construction of Vientiane Temple indicates the return of fate and the orthodoxy of Wu Zhou. Wu Zetian probably also effectively means that King Wu will establish a new capital in a few weeks. Zhou Wuwang intends to build a new city in China as its capital. When he became king, he realized this wish and established a new capital, namely Luoyi and Luoyang. Since then, Luoyang has often become the capital of later dynasties, which is one of the reasons why Wu Zetian chose Luoyang. Luoyang has unique conditions to become the capital.

Of course, Luoyang also has a burial area. There are tombs of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Cao Wei Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Five Dynasties after the Tang Dynasty. However, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Western Jin Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Late Tang Dynasty were all dynasties handed down from generation to generation, with Luoyang as their capital, instead of having only one emperor like Wuzhou.

In addition, Wu Zetian abdicated before his death and established a prince. Prince Li Xian is still the emperor of the royal family in Li Tang. Wu Zetian died as Empress Dowager Li Tang, and the Wu and Zhou Dynasties ceased to exist. Tang Gaozong, Queen of Li Tang, will be buried in the royal family of Li Tang. The tomb of the Tang Dynasty was in Guanzhong. In 684 AD, in the first year of Guangzhai, Tang Gaozong and Li Zhi had been buried in Ganling, Xianyang. Since Wu Zetian has made clear her identity, she can only be buried in Ganling.

I traveled all over the country and saw famous mountains and rivers. Mangshan Mausoleum is in Xi 'an, broad and stable. The ground is wet, the back hill is not so cold, the left and right peaks are harmonious, and the front view is wide. Slowly go to the water, graceful outflow, and then return to the west, the heart will be stable.

Ganling is the best preserved of the eighteen tombs in the Tang Dynasty, and it is also the only tomb in the Tang Dynasty that has not been excavated. Wu Zetian chose Liangshan as the mausoleum and built it on a large scale. It is the burial tomb of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian in Tang Gaozong. Liangshan was replaced by Ganling, which is the tomb where the famous couple emperors were buried together.

Wu Zetian is a native of Wenshui County, Shanxi Province, and the only female emperor in China history.

Historically, Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong were called "two saints" together. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, she was called the imperial court. In the first year of God's Grant (690), Wu Zetian became emperor and established Wu Zhou, with its capital in Luoyang today. In 705, she died in Shangyang Palace, and her son, Zhongzong, was buried as a queen in Ganling, north of Ganxian County.

According to documents, in December of the first year of Hongdao (683), Emperor Gaozong died. Wu Zetian followed her husband's last wish of "returning to Chang 'an" before his death, and chose Jidi in Weibei Plateau of Guanzhong, employing more than 200,000 soldiers and migrant workers. According to the burial system of "the mountain is the mausoleum", taking the main peak of Liangshan in Ganxian County of Xianyang as the mausoleum, the underground Xuan Palace was built by digging holes halfway up the mountain.

The Biography of Chen Ziang, a Book of the New Tang Dynasty, records: "When the Mountain Mausoleum was restored, it was forced to be a servant, attracting the abused masses, raising tens of thousands of soldiers, mobilizing the near capital, supervising the young and helping the old, shoveling mountains and stones, and driving them to make contributions." After more than 300 days and nights of intense construction, the main project was completed when it was buried in August of the first year of civilization (AD 684). After Emperor Gaozong was buried, he continued to build Ganling.

Twenty-two years later, Wu Zetian died in Luoyang Shangyang Palace. On the issue of burying Wu Zetian, the court had a dispute. Zhongzong wanted to satisfy his mother's last wish of "returning to the tomb", but he was strongly opposed by Minister Yan Shansi. He said: "The honorable person is buried first, and the humble person is buried after not moving the honorable person." The heavenly queen is not as good as the emperor. If we open the mausoleum today and bury it together, we will feel humble and revered, and we will be afraid of Long Mai. I have heard of Xuanzang in Ganling. Its door is blocked with stones, and its stone gap is fixed with cast iron. If the mausoleum is opened today, it must have been cut out. Doing so will do more harm than good. Looking at the side of Ganling, it is more auspicious to choose the land. Without building a mausoleum, there are both burial tools and a solid foundation. If you know Shinto, you will know the secret way. If there is ignorance, what good will it do? "

Emperor Zhongzong did not accept this suggestion. In order to show filial piety, he ordered people to dig Ganling Road and open the tomb door. In May of the second year of Shenlong, Wu Zetian was buried in Ganling Xuangong. From then on, Ganling became the only cemetery in China where two emperors were buried together. After Wu Zetian was buried together, Zhongzong and Zong Rui were buried in Ganling 17 people, including two princes, three kings, four princesses and eight ministers. Therefore, all the construction projects of Ganling Cemetery were completed after Wu Zetian, Zhongzong and Zong Rui, which lasted for 57 years.

When Ganling was built, it was in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. The national treasury is full, the cemetery is large, and the building is magnificent. It is modeled after Chang 'an, Tang Dou, and is divided into Imperial City, Miyagi City and Outer Guo Cheng. Its north-south main axis is 4.9 kilometers long, which is the "crown of emperors' tombs".

The shovel is still very powerful, and the spraying of the shovel is still very famous. Touching gold is more popular. Who is not worried about the stability behind him!

Because Wu Zetian's mausoleum has been selected by Feng Shui masters before his death, which is now Liangshan, Ganzhou. In 683, Wu Zetian ordered people to build Ganling. In the same year, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi died, stopped coffin for one year, and was buried in Ganling in 684. After Li Zhi was buried in Ganling, the Ganling project continued. Wu Zetian died in 705 and was buried in Ganling in 706. Empress Dowager Cixi buried the mausoleum to show that Wu Zetian entered the DPRK as the daughter-in-law of the Li family, and the fact that there was no tablet showed her mind. After all, the queen is still the first person in the world, and she is still a bit out of place in a patriarchal society. On the other hand, it is also to protect the descendants of Wu Shi!

From a distance, Gan Lin looks at the sky and the earth calmly and carefully, just like an elegant lady. I have to say that Liangshan is really a treasure house. Take the mountain as the mausoleum, overlooking the Guanzhong land, and wish future generations a long time.

If Wu Zetian was buried in Luoyang, I'm afraid this tomb has long been visited by grave robbers in Luoyang. Wu Zetian has been in Luoyang for more than ten years, and she still knows the nature of Henan people. People in Henan don't even recognize the ancestors of Shaanxi, but they will go easy on her. Therefore, the burial in Ganling, Shaanxi Province has been preserved to this day.