What is no man's land?

No man's land is a long-term vacant land or an area unsuitable for human habitation. The word was originally used to define disputed territory.

It was originally used in World War I to describe the place between the trenches of opposing sides and the area where neither side wanted the other to enter. Or they are afraid of being attacked by the enemy.

The four uninhabited areas in China are located in Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang. Because of its vast territory, sparsely populated and mysterious, it has become people's favorite place to explore. Many expeditions have successfully crossed the four no-man's land.

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Ahltin

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Qiangtang, Tibet

Lop Nor

Lop Nur, located in the northeast of Ruoqiang County, was once the second largest saltwater lake in China, with an altitude of 780 meters and an area of about 2,400-3,000 square kilometers. It is famous for the ancient Silk Road in the east of Tarim Basin. The ancient Lop Nur was born in the late Tertiary and early Quaternary, covering an area of more than 20,000 square kilometers. Affected by neotectonic movement, the lake basin is inclined from south to north. Lop Nur is now the lowest and largest depression in the north. This used to be the center of water accumulation in Tarim basin. It originated from the ancient basins of Tianshan, Kunlun and Altun Mountains, and injected into Lop Nur depression to form lakes. Lop Nur used to have many names, some of which were named according to its characteristics, such as Aoze, Yanze and Ganhai. Some are named after their places, such as Pu Changhai, Prison Blue Ocean and Peacock Sea. After the yuan dynasty, it was called rob naoer. Lop Nur in the Han Dynasty is "three hundred miles wide, with its water pavilion, which does not increase or decrease in winter and summer", and its abundance makes people guess that it "sneaks underground, and the south also accumulates stones as a river of China". This view of mistaking Lop Nur as the source of the upper reaches of the Yellow River has been circulating for more than 2,000 years from pre-Qin to late Qing Dynasty. In the 4th century AD, Loulan in the west of Lop Nur, which used to be "big waves scouring sand, was bound to flood", was in a tight situation and restricted water use by law. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, when Lop Nur rose, it was only a small lake with "eight or nine miles from east to west and two or three miles from north to south". 192 1 year, Tarim River diverted eastward and flowed into Lop Nur. By the 1950s, the area of the lake had reached more than 2,000 square kilometers. In 1960s, Lop Nur gradually dried up due to the cut-off of the lower reaches of Tarim River, and completely dried up by the end of 1972.

The mystery of wandering

Chinese and foreign scientists who first visited Xinjiang argued endlessly about the exact location of Lop Nur, but in the end, the problem was not solved, which led to a more intense debate on "Lop Nur Wandering Theory". This theory was put forward by the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin. He thinks Lop Nur exists in North Lake and South Lake. Because the river water entering the lake contains a lot of sediment, it raises the bottom of the lake after deposition, and the original lake naturally flows to another lower place. Many years later, due to wind erosion, the bottom of the lake will be lowered again and the lake will return again. This period is 1500 years.

Although Sven Hedin's theory has been widely recognized by the world, many opponents have questioned it. According to the scientific research results of Lop Nur, China scientists also questioned and denied the theory of Lop Nur wandering. However, the debate on this issue makes people even more puzzled about Lop Nur, a ghostly lake.

The mystery of big ears

Just as people were arguing endlessly about the unsolved mystery of Lop Nur, waves of turmoil arose. 1972 In July, the Earth Resources Satellite launched by NASA photographed Lop Nur. Lop Nur is actually very similar to human ears, including not only helix, ear hole, but also earlobe. As for how this ear of the earth was formed, some people think that it was mainly caused by the flood on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain in the late 1950s. When the flood flows into the lake basin, it crosses the desert, carrying a lot of sediment, impacting and dissolving the originally dry lake basin, and forming an annular strip protruding underwater according to the direction of water flow. It is precisely because of the subtle geomorphological changes of the dry lake bed that the local composition changes, which will inevitably affect the spectral characteristics of the dry lake bed, thus forming a "big ear." But some people hold different views on this, and scientists also have different views and arguments. Perhaps the argument about Lop Nur will never end.

Weird mystery

In order to reveal the true face of Lop Nur, countless explorers risked their lives to go deep into it, including many tragic stories, and Lop Nur has always been shrouded in mystery. Some people call Lop Nur the "Devil's Triangle" of the Asian continent, and the ancient Silk Road runs through it. Throughout the ages, many ghosts and ghosts have wandered here, and bones are everywhere. When Fa Xian, a monk of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, passed by this place to learn Buddhist scriptures, he once wrote, "There are many evil spirits in Shahe, and none of them are perfect when they meet the hot air ...". Many people die of thirst not far from the spring, and incredible things happen from time to time.

1949, a plane flying from Chongqing to Dihua (Urumqi) disappeared over Shanshan County. 1958 was found east of lop Nur, and all the people on board died. It is puzzling that the plane was originally flying in the northwest. Why did it suddenly change its course and fly south?

1950, a guard of the PLA bandit troops disappeared. More than 30 years later, the geological team found his body in Hongliugou, south bank of Lop Nur, more than 0/00 kilometers away from the accident site.

1980 June 17, the famous scientist Peng disappeared during an investigation in lop Nur. The state dispatched planes, troops and police dogs, and spent a lot of manpower and material resources to conduct a carpet search, but found nothing.

1990, 7 people from Hami took a van to Lop Nur to look for the crystal mine, never to return. Two years later, three mummies were found on a steep slope. The car is 30 kilometers away from the deceased, and the whereabouts of others are unknown.

1In the summer of 995, three employees of Milan Farm went to Lop Nur to explore treasures in Beijing Jeep and disappeared. Later explorers found the bodies of two of them at a distance of 0/7 km from Loulan/Kloc. The cause of death is unknown and the whereabouts of the other person are unknown. Incredibly, their car is in good condition, and there is no shortage of water and gasoline.

1In June, 1996, China explorer Yu Chunshun disappeared while hiking alone in Lop Nur. When the helicopter found his body, forensic identification had been dead for five days. It was neither suicide nor homicide. What did he die of?

Lop Nur, a mysterious world and a mysterious wasteland, has been lost, pondered, argued and even sacrificed for you for thousands of years.

Lop Nur, when will people unveil your mystery?

Lop Nur is such a scene presented to people, like a mysterious Lop Nur, so what will the other three no-man's land look like? [ 1]

Ahltin

Altun Mountain Nature Reserve is located in the north of East Kunlun Mountain in the south of Altun Mountain, starting from the border of Ruoqiang and Qiemo counties in the west, reaching the border of Xinjiang and Qinghai provinces in the east, reaching Qimantage in the south of Altun Mountain in the north and East Kunlun Mountain on the border of Xinjiang and Tibet in the south, with a total area of 44,940 square kilometers.

Altun Mountain Reserve is surrounded by high mountains. Modern glaciers, plateau lakes and plateau deserts, as well as Tibetan wild donkeys, Tibetan antelopes, wild yaks, wild camels, black-necked cranes, Tibetan snow chickens, white-shouldered eagles, jade-belt sea eagles and many other rare birds and animals. Together with 24 1 species of wild plants, it has become a plateau wonder.

Altun Mountain Nature Reserve is composed of eight major rivers and several seasonal rivers, and the "aorta" in the plateau basin nourishes the vast alpine grassland. The eight major river basins cover an area of 20,000 square kilometers. There are two main types of water supply for rivers, namely, glacial meltwater and bare spring water. The rivers in the reserve have different shapes, some of which are surging and heading straight for the lagoon basin; Some sometimes dive into the ground, sometimes surface, and slowly gather in the depression of the basin; Some water quality is pure; Some have a salinity as high as 765,438 0.5g/L. The Sulubetilek River, the largest river in the reserve, originates from the northern slope of Xinqingfeng and flows into Ayakumu Lake, with a total length of 280 kilometers and a drainage area of 6,250 square kilometers.

There are many lakes in the reserve, with a total area of 1200 square kilometers, accounting for 2.7% of the reserve area, which plays an important role in climate regulation of the reserve. Ayako Kumu Lake, located in the north of the reserve, covers an area of 536 square kilometers and is the largest lake in the reserve. Archie Kekule Lake is located in the west of the reserve, with an area of 352 square kilometers, and the salinity of the lake reaches 81.6g/L; There are two small islands in the lake, which look like a ship breaking the waves from a distance. Many birds live on this island. Whale Lake is located in the south of the reserve, so it's named because it looks like a whale. Kumu Lake and Keqike Kumu Lake, Uygur for Shahu Lake and Xiaoshahu Lake, are located on Kumkulesha Mountain. The lake water is replenished by sand mountain condensate and bedrock fissure water, and its water quality is good, with salinity of 0.3g/L. The only fresh water lake with import and export, Lake Ichenbada, also known as Lake Isepati, covers an area of11.8km2.. It looks like a gourd and has good water quality. There are many aquatic creatures such as hooked shrimp growing in the lake, and the lake is surrounded by green. This is the only place where herders live in the reserve, and it is also a "paradise for birds". The small lakes in Jishan beach are crescent-shaped distribution of 145 lakes separated by sand dunes in the desert at an altitude of 4900 meters. There are also many moraine lakes in the reserve.

Influenced by structural faults, fissures controlling water and faults blocking water, there is a great difference in groundwater quantity between the north and south sides of the reserve, and there are many fracture springs distributed along the south side of the fault strike. The spring water exposed in limestone stratum is a good groundwater resource. There are three springs with an altitude of 3,920 meters in the sand springs at the slope angle of the northern foot of Kumkulesha Mountain in the northeast of the nature reserve, which are surrounded by sand on the east, south and west sides and open to the north in a funnel shape. The largest spring eye is more than 200 meters in diameter, and the other two eyes are 50 meters. Springs are characterized by descending springs, which overflow thousands of scattered streams from the slope angle. If people stand in spring, they will sink. Mingbulak, which means "thousand springs", is named after nearly a thousand springs scattered on the edge of the depression. There are abundant aquatic plants here, which is a good place for animals to feed. There are many alpine hot springs to be proved along the Quaternary volcanic activity site in the southern margin of the reserve.

There is an ancient karst landform in Arghe Mountain of Altun Mountain Nature Reserve, which starts from Bukadaban Mountain in the east and reaches Archie Kekule in the west, and is deeply hidden in the mountains with an altitude of 4,400-5,000m.

After thousands of years of weathering, dissolution and differentiation, this ancient limestone mountain presents strange shapes. There are many stone peaks, some of which rise from the ground and go straight into the blue sky, some of which are lifelike, such as camels, elephants, black dragons, crouching tigers, penholders, overpasses, temples, finger tables, cacti, stone flagpoles and horseback riding.

Due to the influence of Quaternary glaciers in some areas, the karst landform in Altun Mountain has formed a velvet that "quietly sweeps out books and suddenly supports the blue sky". The karst landforms and glacier landforms in the reserve overlap, with steep cliffs, deep canyons, suspended glaciers and colorful weather.

Vitality Altun, lively and provocative; At such a low temperature, it still has such strong vitality, which deserves our admiration. [ 1]

cacao

Hoh Xil Nature Reserve is located in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, southwest of Qinghai Province, with an east longitude of 89? 25'~94? 05? North latitude 34? 19'~36? 16? . Its scope is south of Kunlun Mountain and north of Wulan Wula Mountain, starting from Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the east and reaching the provincial boundary in the west. The nature reserve is adjacent to Xizang Autonomous Region in the west, Tanggula Township in Golmud in the south, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the north and Qinghai-Tibet Highway in the east, with a total area of 45,000 square kilometers.

Hoh Xil is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of more than 4,600 meters. The highest peak is Bukadaban Peak (also known as Xinqing Peak or Monomaha Peak) on the northern edge of Kunlun Mountain, with an altitude of 6860 meters. The lowest point is Baozi Gorge (the corner where the Hongshui River in the south of Kunlun Mountain intersects with Bokarek), with an altitude of 4,200 meters. The terrain in this area is high in the north and south, low in the middle, high in the west and low in the east. Mount Kekexili and Mount Dongbule run through the middle of this area, and there are two wide valley and lake basins between them, with relatively flat terrain. There are modern glaciers in the mountainous areas above 5500 ~ 6000 meters above sea level. For example, Bukadaban Peak is 6860m, Malan Mountain is 68 13m, and a few peaks above 5600m also have small-scale glaciers, for example, Donggang Zhari is 5882m, with a total glacier area of1700km2.

This area is the intersection of Liu Hu Lake area in Qiangtang Plateau and the north source water system of the Yangtze River. The north source water system of the Yangtze River, which is dominated by Chuma River in the east, is mainly replenished by rainwater and groundwater, with less water, and the rivers are often seasonal rivers. The west and north are internal water systems centered on lakes, and there are many lakes outside the northeast of Qiangtang Plateau. According to statistics, there are 1 07 lakes with an area larger than1square kilometer, with a total area of 3,825 square kilometers, including 7 lakes with an area larger than 200 square kilometers. The largest is Ulan Ula Lake, with an area of 544.5 square kilometers.

The climate in this area is characterized by low temperature, little precipitation, strong winds and great regional differences. The annual average temperature in China is gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest. There is an obvious warm area in the Wulan Lake area of Xijin. The annual average temperature in the warmest region is -4. 10℃, and the coldest is the wudan fault of Lexie in the westernmost region, with the annual average temperature of-10.00℃ (calculated value) and the lowest temperature of -46.40℃, with other regions in between.

The distribution trend of annual average precipitation in Hoh Xil area is gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest. 173 ~ 495 mm. The wind is strong in this area, which is one of the areas with high wind speed in China. In the weak wind season. There is still a strong wind with an instantaneous wind speed of 24.0 m/s (65438+65438+106: 47 on July 9, 1990) near Xijin Wulan Lake, and the annual average wind speed distribution increases from east to west. The soil types in the area are simple, mostly alpine meadow soil, alpine grassland soil and alpine desert soil, followed by swamp soil, with scattered swamp soil, cracked soil, saline soil, alkaline earth and aeolian sand soil. The soil is young. Deeply affected by freezing and thawing.

Due to the influence of geographical location, terrain height, terrain aspect and surface composition, the natural landscape changes from southeast to northwest to alpine meadow-alpine grassland+alpine desert. The main type is alpine grassland. Alpine periglacial vegetation is also distributed in a large area, with a small number of alpine desert grasslands, alpine cushion vegetation and alpine desert. Alpine meadows and alpine swamps are only distributed in a few areas.

There are few biota in this area, but the proportion of endemic species in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is large and the population is large. According to years of observation, there are 29 species of mammals, including 1 1 species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 53 species of birds, reptiles 1 species and 6 species of fish. There are 202 species of higher plants 102 genus in this area, among which 84 species are endemic to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, accounting for 4 1.56% of the total species in this area. The endemic species in this area are not only rare animals and plants in China, but also entrusted by the world, which is very important both academically and in nature protection. [ 1]

Qiangtang, Tibet

Qiangtang Nature Reserve in Tibet is located in Naqu and Ali areas of Xizang Autonomous Region, with geographical coordinates of 79 42'-2 59' east longitude and 3210'-6 32' north latitude, with a total area of 29.8 million hectares. It is the largest nature reserve in China and the second largest nature reserve in the world after Greenland National Park. Established with the approval of Xizang Autonomous Region Municipal People's Government 1993, this nature reserve is a nature reserve with plateau ecosystems and rare wild animals as its main protection targets.

This area is located in the northwest of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, surrounded by Kunlun Mountain, Karakorum Mountain and Gangdise-Nyainqentanglha Mountain in the north, west and south, and it is a semi-closed plateau. The low mountains, hills and lakes in this area constitute undulating ground with an average elevation of about 5000 meters. Mountains are distributed continuously, and the relative height difference is generally between 200- 1000 meters. There are about 200 closed inland lakes with an area greater than 1 km2. The vegetation types in this area are relatively simple, mainly in alpine desert grassland. There are 40 families 147 genera and more than 470 species of seed plants. There are 28 species of mammals, 92 species of birds and 0/3 species of fish. Among them, there are more than 30 species of wild animals under state key protection, such as Tibetan antelope, wild yak, snow leopard, Tibetan wild donkey, Tibetan gazelle and black-necked crane. Although there are few animal species in this area, there are many animal populations, including about 40,000 Tibetan antelopes, more than 0/0000 wild yaks/kloc-0, and 30,000-40,000 Tibetan wild donkeys. Qiangtang Nature Reserve has a unique ecosystem and abundant wildlife resources, which has extremely important protection value because of its uniqueness and ecological fragility. On the other hand, the plateau landform in the reserve is peculiar, the geological types are complex, there are many glaciers and lakes, and the geological relics are well preserved, which is of great value for studying the formation, evolution and development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and carrying out scientific adventure tourism and eco-tourism.