The first bible collection

The first bible collection

The first collection of Buddhist scriptures was three months after Tathagata's nirvana. In 544 BC, the Buddha was nirvana, and the Buddhist calendar era (Buddhist calendar) was counted from that year. For example, 2006 is 2550 years of Buddhist calendar, which means that the Buddha-like nirvana has been 2550 years. According to the tradition of spreading to the south, Buddhist nirvana is the full moon day in May in the solar calendar, which is now Vesākha pūjā, which is equivalent to April 15 in the China lunar calendar. Two months later, on the second day of the full moon in July, the monks began to settle down in the rain (Vasa). In the first month of settlement, the monks repaired the house and prepared for the assembly work. From the second month of my stay, a collection of holy books was held in Rājagaha, the capital of Magadha. At that time, the host was Mahakaya, the great disciple of the Buddha, and 500 Abraham attended the ceremony. These participants have exhausted their troubles. When the Buddha was alive, he heard the Buddha's teachings with his own eyes and had the ability to comprehend wisdom (pa? isambhidā？ ā? Answer): Righteousness does not hinder the understanding of wisdom, law does not hinder the understanding of wisdom, words do not hinder the understanding of wisdom, and arguments do not hinder the understanding of wisdom. In other words, they understand the teachings of the Buddha, have profound wisdom, and are proficient in understanding the teachings of the Buddha, whether it is words, words or meanings. And these 500 Abraham's are carefully selected, not just monks. At that time, Li Zun (Upāli) recited the Fazang, and then Ananda Zun (? Nanda) chanting.

Why did you recite the Collection of Laws for the first time? Because the venerable Mahabharata was not present when the Buddha died, he was on his way to Cusinharo to see the Buddha, and he learned that the Buddha had died halfway. People who haven't left their desires are very sad, but an old monk named Xu Bodhi was very happy when he heard the news of the death of the Buddha. He said, "Dear friends, don't be sad, don't be sad. We have got rid of the great Saman. He often bothers us:' You are allowed to do this, but you are not allowed to do this.' Now we can do whatever we want and do nothing if we don't want to. "Upon hearing this, the Mahabharata Venerable decided to hold a set of laws before the illegality and illegality became powerful.

When it was time to gather, the venerable Mahakashababa first asked everyone's opinion: "Dear friends, what should we gather first?" Is it law or law? "Those big Abraham said," Dear Sir, Dharma is the life span of Buddha's teaching method, and teaching method can only live in the world when Dharma lives in the world! " "Therefore, everyone recommends reciting the five-eighth method set first, and then Ananda recites the classic set.

seat of honour

At the end of the party, an episode happened. The venerable Ananda said, "Dear, just before he was about to die, Bagawa once said to me,' Ananda, after my death, monks can give up the subtle and delicate study office (khuānukhuddakāni Sikhāpadāni, a small ring) if they want. " "

So the elder asked Ananda, the venerable master, "Dear friend, did you ask Bogawa at that time,' Venerable master, what subtle knowledge is there?" "

The venerable Ananda replied, "venerable sir, I didn't ask Bogawa,' venerable sir, what is the subtle learning? " "

So the participants expressed their opinions, and some elders said, "Except for four balacchi coffees (pā rā jika), all the others are subtle learning offices." An elder said, "Besides four barac coffees, there are thirteen monks who are all (Sa? Ghādisesa), everything else is fine. " An elder said, "Except for four barac coffees and thirteen monks who are always uncertain, the others are subtle learning places." Some people say that it should also include Nisagia pācittiya, while others say that it should also include Bhagitiya. Everyone has a different opinion.

At this time, the venerable Mahakasyapa said in the monk group: "Dear friends, please listen to me. Our study is related to our family, and the family also knows that' this is allowed by Sakyamuni, and this is not allowed by you'. If we cancel the small study office, they will say,' The study office set up by Gotama for his disciples is like smoke. They study these learning offices when their tutors are alive, and they will stop studying them when their tutors die. "

At that time, the Mahabharata Venerable was one of the monks, stressing that:

? Appa? Atta? Napa? Apeya, Pennsylvania? Atta? na samucchindeyya，yathā pa？ attesu sikkāpad esu Samādāya vatteyya。 ?

"Not yet formulated, should not be formulated; Don't abolish what has been formulated; You should only continue to accept established schools! "

This is the basic principle of the precepts and teaching methods formulated for the Buddha. In fact, this basic principle was repeatedly emphasized by the Buddha when he was alive, but at the first congress, the Mahabharata venerable again put forward this principle, which was unanimously adopted by all the great arhats attending the meeting. Because the monks who attended the first meeting were all elders and all sat down, their decision was called the Upper Seats. Thera means elders and seats. Vāda is an opinion, thought and theory; Seating is seating, the views and opinions of seating. The elders at the dinner table adhere to the following three principles:

1. The commandments that the Buddha did not make and the laws that he did not say should not be added.

2. The precepts and laws formulated by the Buddha should not be abolished, and should not be tampered with or deleted at will.

You should only follow the precepts and teachings of Buddha.

That is to say, Buddhism in the seat of worship believes that only Buddha is qualified to make commandments. Because the Buddha has all the knowledge (Saba? Uta? ā? A) and compassion (mahākaru? ā? ā? Answer: Only when you have both kinds of wisdom can you be qualified to make commandments, but no one except Buddha has such qualifications. As a loyal disciple of the Buddha, we have to abide by it. For this reason, the monk group that adheres to these three principles is called "the upper seat".

Do you think it strange to see that the monk who was seated at the table is still wearing this suit today? In Taiwan Province Province, a Biku man went out to look after the bowls. The children saw it and said, "mom, mom, look, Santa Claus is coming!" " The cassock we wear is called Sanyi, and the way we dress is the same as when the Buddha was alive. The cassock must be cut, sewn and dyed in accordance with the regulations of the Law Collection, and its size and wearing method should be specified. When Biku wants to enter the laity settlements and villages and towns, he must be wrapped up, showing only his head, two hands and two feet. In temples, fields and mountains, you can lean to your right shoulder. At the same time, you should also lean to your right shoulder when you worship Buddha and see him. I think everyone should have seen it when reading the classics. At that time, when Biku people demanded Dharma, they first turned to the right shoulder and then folded their hands to the Buddha, which was in line with the Buddha system. There is also the practice of anti-season fasting, that is, you don't eat after noon to dawn the next day, and you can't collect money. Are carried out in accordance with the commandments formulated by the Buddha before his death. As a loyal Buddhist disciple, our responsibility is only to abide by it, not to find excuses to play, choose or tamper with it at will.

Therefore, anyone who adheres to these views and abides by this tradition is called the Upper Seats, that is, the views of the elders.