Ten Famous Guzheng Songs in Ancient China

Ten famous ancient songs in China: Mountain Flowing Water, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, Three Lane of Plum Blossoms, House of Flying Daggers, Flute and Drum in Sunset, Questions and Answers from Fisherman, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, Autumn Moon in Han Palace and Chun Xue.

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High mountains and Running water

According to legend, two guqin songs, Shuixiancao and Mountain Flowing Water, were written by Boya at that time. Since then, his piano skills have reached a state of perfection, but he has never found a bosom friend. Later, Yu Boya became a doctor in the State of Jin. One day, he was ordered to go to Chu. Because of the strong wind, we had to stop at the mouth of Hanyang River. After a calm, a Mid-Autumn Moon wandered out of the clouds. Boya stood at the bow, looked up at the bright moon, looked down at the water waves on the river, and the piano sounded one after another, so he played. At the end of the song, a woodcutter suddenly jumped out of the grass. He was surprised at Boya's piano skills.

Bo Ya was startled and asked, "Can you play the piano?"

Bo Ya was surprised and asked, "You can play the piano. Can you know the pros and cons of the piano? "

The woodcutter looked at the piano and replied, "This piano is called a lyre. This is made in Fu, and it is made from the middle part of a good mulberry tree. Its tree must be three feet high and cut into three sections. The sound in the upper section is too clear, and the sound in the lower section is too turbid, only in the middle section, with both clarity and turbidity. After that, the wood was soaked in water for 72 days. On a good day, it was carved into a musical instrument. At first, this piano had five strings, the outside was gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and the inside was palace, business, horn, sign and feather. Later, Zhou Wenwang added a string called Wen Xian, and Zhou Wuwang added a string called Wu Xian. Therefore, this piano is also known as the Wu Wen lyre. "

Hearing this, Boya was completely convinced, and then he tuned his strings and played the piano again, sometimes majestic and sometimes comfortable and smooth. From time to time, the woodcutter said, "Well, I am as tall as Mount Tai." Sometimes he said, "Good! The ocean is like a river. "

Boya was overjoyed, so he pushed the piano to salute. He asked, "Wise man in the world, may I know your name?" The woodcutter returned the gift and said, "My surname is Zhong, which is a mean word." Boya sighed. "We all know each other all over the world, but how many people can know each other?" That is, the boy was ordered to burn incense and light candles and become brothers with the child. And meet again next Mid-Autumn Festival.

In the Mid-Autumn Festival of the following year, Boya arrived as scheduled. Who had expected that at this time, he was separated from his good friend Yin and Yang, and his son had left him. Boya played a song "Mountain Stream and Running Water" at the grave of the little chef of Hippo, and cried at the touch of the piano. At the end of the song, the string was broken with a knife. Looking up at the sky again, he sighed, "Who am I playing for when my bosom friend is away?" After that, the piano hit the altar and the string was broken. Later generations felt it, and built a piano platform at Guishanwei and Yuehu Lake in Hanyang as a souvenir.

The song "Mountains and Rivers" was recorded on a gold record and launched into space on August 22, 1977/kloc-0, preaching the wisdom and civilization information of the Chinese nation to the advanced creatures in the universe and planets.

High mountains and flowing waters meet bosom friends

Guangling powder

One of the Hunan-Chu Tune Suites in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Ji Kang suffered from opposing Sima's dictatorship. Before his execution, he calmly played this song as a sustenance. The existing piano score was first seen in the Magic Secret Score: it was originally a kind of folk music popular in Guangling area (Shouxian County, Anhui Province) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He once played with Qin, Zheng, Sheng, Zhu and other musical instruments, and now only the ancient Qin music is left, the earliest recorded is the Magic Secret Music. There was no content record in the early days, but now most musicians explain it according to the folklore of stabbing Hanwang (which is different from the official history).

According to Cao Qin, Nie Zheng was a Korean during the Warring States Period, and his father was killed for casting a sword for korean king. In order to avenge his father, after ten years of hard work on Mount Tai, he changed his voice and appearance, returned to Korea and played the piano not far from the palace. His superb piano skills stopped pedestrians and horses. When the king of South Korea learned about it, he was called into the palace to play. Nie Zheng took advantage of it unprepared, drew a dagger from his belly and stabbed korean king. He disfigured himself so as not to implicate his mother.

Later generations added subsection titles to the guqin Song Guangling San, and some of them were named after the plot corresponding to the story. There are indeed many similarities between the emotions expressed in music and this tragic legend.

Guangling San contained in The Magic Secret Spectrum consists of (one paragraph), a minor preface (three paragraphs), a major preface (five paragraphs), a positive tone (eighteen paragraphs), a chaotic tone (ten paragraphs) and a postorder (eight paragraphs) * * 45. This song has long been a masterpiece, and many musicians have translated it after liberation. The melody of the music is special, and the second string is homophonic with the first string, so that the bass melody can be played on these two strings at the same time, achieving a strong acoustic effect.

According to Qin Gui, Ji Kang loved Guangling San very much and often played it, which attracted many people to ask for advice, but Ji Kang never taught it. On his deathbed, Suoqin played this song, sighing, "Guangling is scattered today." The statue brick of Ji Kang unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Dynasties in Xishanqiao, Nanjing, depicts the image of Ji Kang sitting on a violin, commanding and imposing.

Pingsha geese

In the Ming Dynasty, this song was called "Wild Goose and Flat Sand". Describe the scene of geese hovering in the air before landing. Also known as "wild goose falling flat sand" or "flat sand". The authors are Chen Ziang in Tang Dynasty, Mao Minzhong in Song Dynasty and Zhu Quan in Ming Dynasty. The score of this piece of music was originally recorded with authentic ancient sounds in the late Ming Dynasty (1634). After it came out, it was deeply loved by musicians. It is not only widely circulated, but also processed and developed, forming various versions with different sections, modes, modes and artistic conception. This is one of the most popular piano pieces.

The melody is melodious and smooth, describing the scene where geese hover in the sky and then land through the swaying geese.

For Qu Qing's understanding, there is a description of autumn scenery, which means "clear autumn is sparse and geese fly". There are "take advantage of the autumn sky, calm and smooth, the clouds are Cheng Wanli, the sky is soaring, and write the heart of Yi Shi with the ambition of a swan"; There is also a "sense of belonging to the item to attach importance to it, the state of going up and down, the image of the item and then gathering, the god of surprise and recovery" from Hongyan. "When falling, the sand is flat and the water is far away, and the heart is idle. Friends and couples have no guesses, and men and women have narratives. " It's not as cold as a goose. At present, most of them are seven paragraphs, and the main melody and musical image are roughly the same, with ups and downs and continuous beauty; The timbre is quiet and beautiful, but there is movement in silence.

Three-section plum blossom

The overtone tune in the song is repeated three times in different emblem positions, so it is called "agriculture, countryside and farmers". According to legend

Jin Hengyi composed the flute "Three Lane of Plum Blossom", which was transplanted into the piano music by later generations. Music praises the tenacious character of plum blossom in the wind without fear of frost and snow with noble sentiments.

1972, Wang Jianzhong adapted it for the piano with the theme of Yongmei in Mao Zedong.

Ambush on all sides

One of the traditional pipa music in China. The music "House of Flying Daggers" tells the battle between Chu and Han in the history of China in 202 BC, and depicts the decisive battle between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. The music mainly praises Liu Bang, a famous Chu-Han scholar, and tries to portray the majestic posture of "the victorious teacher". The whole song is magnificent, full of the chilling voice of Jin Ge Tiema.

Also known as Huaiyang Pingchu, the music score was first seen in Huaqiu Pipa Score (18 19). Ming Wangbao (1598- 1662) "Four Zhao Tang" Collection. In the Biography of Pipa in Tang Dynasty, it is recorded that Tang Ying, a pipa family, once played Chu Han. "Chu a song. The two armies fought a decisive battle, and the heavens and the earth moved. If the roof tiles fell, Xu regarded them as golden sounds, drums, gold, swords, men and horses, and there was silence. Over time, those who have grievances are difficult to understand, and they are Chu Ci; Those tragic ones are the generous voice of Wang Xiang's elegy and the sound of farewell; Trapped in daze, there is a sound of chasing; When I arrived in Wujiang, there was a king's throat, and I rode it. It makes the listener feel excited at first, then sad, and finally can't cry, and its adults are like this. "The scenes and sounds drawn are very similar to today's House of Flying Daggers. The whole song is divided into thirteen paragraphs, and the title of the song can be divided into three parts:

The first part:

(1) "Hunting Shadows" is the prelude to the whole song, showing the exciting scenes of the golden drums ringing and the people shouting before the war. Music has the characteristics of divergence and acceleration, and the complexity of modes and their alternate conversion further increase the instability of music.

2 "blow".

(3) The theme of "Pointing Table" is based on a series of long round finger techniques (but round after round) and "buckle, wipe, hit,

Brush "combination fingering, showing the mighty demeanor of soldiers.

(4) "formation".

(5) The music of "Walking Team" has a certain contrast with before, and the brave posture of the army is further demonstrated by means of "covering, dividing" and "covering and rowing".

The second part:

(6) The ambush shows that on the eve of the decisive battle, the Han army ambushed under cover, and the weather was quiet and tense, paving the way for the latter two paragraphs.

(7) In the small battle of Jiming Mountain, the two armies of Chu and Han fought hand-to-hand, with swords and guns hitting each other, and the breath was short and the music began.

(8) The Jiulishan War depicts a life-and-death battle scene between the two armies. The sound of hooves, knives and shouts are intertwined and shocking. First, the alternating playing method of "row, row, play and row" is used, and then the music is pushed to a climax by techniques such as spelling two strings and pushing and pulling.

The third part:

(9) Wang Xiang was defeated.

(10) Wujiang committed suicide, repeating homophony in a scattered rhythm, alternating with the sound of horses' hooves with close rhythm, showing the scene of chasing each other with the Han army. Then there is a tragic melody, which shows Xiang Yu's suicide; After the last four strings were scraped, they suddenly "fell" (also called "stopped") and the music came to an abrupt end.

The original song also includes:

(1 1) Chuan Kai.

(12) Generals will strive for merit.

(13) returned to camp triumphantly. Mr. Wei Zhongle's performance refers to "suicide", and the last three paragraphs were deleted and not performed. Today, most scholars use this.

Law.

As far as the whole song is concerned, it also has the layout nature of "connecting and turning". The first part consists of five sections, namely connecting and turning, the second part consists of three sections, and the third part consists of two sections, namely connecting and turning.

"House of Flying Daggers" can be said to have brought the ancient pipa performance art to the peak, and created a solo form of a single instrument to express magnificent epic scenes (but in modern times, this often needs a symphony genre of a big band to complete). Up to today, "House of Flying Daggers" is still the most representative traditional masterpiece in the pipa playing art field.

Sunset flute and drum

It's lyrical and freehand music. 1925 or so, Shanghai Datong Music Association is dominated by classics.

Adapted into silk and bamboo music "Moonlit Night on a Spring River".

The earliest version was 1842' s Song of Xiao Mui, which was written before 1864, and was called Song of Xiao Mui, a traditional pipa in China. When 1895 was adapted into Xunyang Pipa, six paragraphs had been compiled into ten paragraphs, each of which borrowed the title of Yuefu in Tang Dynasty to 6544.

After liberation, the ensemble was divided into ten sections, just like ten continuous pictures: 1, Jianglou Bell and Drum, 2, Dongshan Moon, 3, Qushui Guifeng, 4, Huayingtai, 5, Deepwater Cloud, 6, Fishing Songs in the Evening, 7, Echoing Waves on the Shore, 8, Long Sound, 9, Embarrassing.

This is a lyrical and freehand Wen Qu with a beautiful and smooth melody. Through euphemistic and simple melody and smooth and changeable rhythm, music vividly depicts the charming scenery of the riverside on a moonlit night and praises the beautiful charm of the water town in the south of the Yangtze River.

Yuqiao question and answer

Music expresses this pursuit through the fun of fish and firewood enjoying themselves in the green mountains and green waters.

Disdain for fame and fortune. The music adopts the way of dialogue between fishermen and firewood workers, with the rising tone indicating questions and the falling tone indicating answers. The melody is elegant and natural, showing the leisure of fish and firewood. Just as "Qin Xue Jin Chu" has a profound meaning, the towering mountains, the ocean of water, the tintin cut by an axe and the beauty of singing are looming through the fingers. The question-and-answer session is reminiscent of mountains and forests.

Hujiashibai

According to the music composed by the poem of the same name, the theme of the response is "Wen Xi returns to Han" Late Han Dynasty, a famous literary work.

Cai Yan (Yueshi), the daughter of Cai Yong, a Guqin family, was captured by Xiongnu in the mutiny, lived as a concubine in South Xiongnu and Zuo, and gave birth to two children. Later, Cao Cao sent someone to take her back. She wrote a long poem about miserable life and homesickness.

The whole poem consists of eighteen paragraphs and eighteen complete sets of songs. Guo Moruo said that in Turkic, the word "first" is called "beat", and eighteen beats are eighteen songs. Because this poem was written by Hu Jia for crying, it was named "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" or "Hu Jiaming". Originally A Qin music, it gradually evolved into two different instrumental music after Wei and Jin Dynasties, called "Dahujiaming" and "Xiaohujiaming". The former is a direct biography of Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia.

Huang, a pianist in the Tang Dynasty, was famous for being good at playing this piece. Li Jie has a poem "Listen to Dong Da's Blowing an Essay": "This song was written by Mrs. Cai. In ancient times, 18 verses were sung one by one, and even the Tatars shed tears on the grass, which made Han feel sad and returned home." That's right.

A summary of the content of the song. The existing music scores were first found in the book The Secret Book of Magic published by 1425, which is called "Hu Jia Da Xiao". They are all instrumental music without lyrics. Singing piano music "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" was first written by Sun Pixian in the thirty-ninth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 1 1), and it is the most widely circulated music book now. Its lyrics are Wen Xi's "I didn't do anything at the beginning of my life ...". Music basically adopts the method of one word and one sound, which has the characteristics of early songs. From the first beat to the ninth beat, as well as the twelfth and thirteenth beats, the ending is the same, influenced by the Han Dynasty and Daqu. The whole song is a six-Otoha tone, and the rising intrinsic sound (up to 5) and the high note formed in the mold (up to 1) are often used as tone external sounds. I feel sad and happy, which is quite touching.

Autumn moon in Han Palace

Pipa music was later adapted into erhu and Jiangnan silk and bamboo. Show the bitterness and crying of the oppressed maids in ancient times

Autumn moon in Han Palace

Mood. During the war at the end of Han Dynasty, Cai Wenji lived in South Xiongnu for twelve years. As Zuo's wife, she misses her hometown very much. When Cao Cao sent someone to take her back to the mainland, she was not allowed to leave her two children. The joy of going home was overwhelmed by the pain of separation of flesh and blood, and her mood was very contradictory. According to records, Erhu was handed down by Mr. Liu Tianhua. Autumn Moon in Han Palace is intended to express the bitterness and sadness of the oppressed maids in ancient times and arouse people's sympathy for their unfortunate experiences.

Chun Xue-Elegant Art and Literature

According to legend, it was written by Liu of the State of Jin or the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, taking "Snow White".

Chun Xue-Elegant Art and Literature

Another clean, beautiful sound of snow and bamboo. With fresh and smooth melody and lively and brisk rhythm, it vividly shows the scene of early spring when winter goes and spring comes, the earth recovers, everything is thriving and full of vitality.

There have always been two different versions of "Da Yangchun" and "Xiao Yangchun" (also known as "Allegro Yangchun"). The former refers to ten or twelve pieces of music edited by Li Fangyuan and Shen Haochu; The latter was handed down by Wang Yuting (1872- 195 1), a modern pipa master. The whole song is only seven paragraphs, divided into four parts, and it is a variation with cyclical factors. The title of "Qi" is "Best". The prototype of "Eight Plates" has been changed and developed by using common folk techniques such as adding flowers, "dividing the world" and structural expansion. The tune has been polished by playing skills such as half-round and push-pull and is full of lively and cheerful emotions. The first eight bars of music are reproduced in the back, which are the "heads" of all parts of the whole song. There are two parts in the "bearing" department: "Lotus in the wind" and "a bright moon". After the reappearance of "Head-to-Head" in eight bars, the melody in the high-pitched area is more beautiful, the structure is also expanded, and the mood is more enthusiastic than that in the "upper" part. The "Biography" section includes three sections, namely, "Jade version of Zen meditation", "Iron policy board sound" and "Taoist piano sound", which is a comparative section.

Eight-board variation is developed by dividing, rotating and changing rhythm, and new music materials are introduced in the sixth paragraph. In playing, I sometimes play strong notes by pulling; A brisk melody is played in minutes, especially a series of overtones in the sixth paragraph, which is more like "pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade", sparkling and full of vitality. The title of "He" is "Gao Dong He Ming", which copies the second paragraph and expands it at the end. By playing sixteenth notes continuously and adding "strokes" to the head of each beat, the music intensity is continuously increased, so that the whole song ends in a strong atmosphere.

References:

Ten Famous Ancient Songs in China-Baidu Encyclopedia