Big brother. . Sister, who can tell me the customs and products of Qingdao? The word is about 400 words. Please ~ ~ ~ thank you.

Qingdao people are generous, hospitable and pay attention to etiquette. No matter how simple their daily life is, they will try their best to hold a banquet for their guests. This is a good custom, but paying too much attention to decency and form also encourages extravagance and waste and increases people's economic burden.

In the local area, when guests enter the door, even if it is near noon, the host should first beat poached eggs and call them "boiled water to drink", and then prepare wine to cook and hold a banquet. There will be another dinner party to show off before leaving.

Generally speaking, a folk banquet starts with tea, followed by four or six cold dishes, and then eight to 12 hot dishes, which is called "several dishes and several bowls". Exquisiteness is the most important thing in urban banquets, while richness is the best in rural banquets.

There are five meals for birthdays, weddings and funerals in towns and villages such as Madian, Guhe and Jiaocai in Jiaozhou: the first meal is taking stock of hearts and tea; The second course is rice porridge with 4 kinds of pickles; The third course is a big dish, generally 24 or 48 dishes, with a maximum of 64 dishes; Then there are fruits and refreshments in the fourth lane, and sweets, peanuts and melon seeds in the fifth lane. After the fifth lane. The host and guests can also chat with each other while eating melon seeds, sit down from 9: 00 in the morning and play until the lanterns are lit. The order of the banquet is also stipulated. Chicken is served as the first course because it symbolizes good luck. Then seafood, meat and so on. There is no special rule that the last dish must be fish, and it is a whole fish with scales, which means more than one year. In this way, the first course and the second course are summarized as "chicken (chicken) celebrates more fish)"

People like to call this kind of banquet "extravagance and waste", because many big dishes are covered with pork liver, pork belly and other meat, just going through the motions. But this tedious and time-wasting custom is enough to make some young people afraid to go to dinner. There must be wine at every banquet. At the banquet, the host always wants the guests to drink heartily, and the etiquette of toasting is also varied. Wine must be filled, which means that "tea should be shallow and wine should be filled"; If you want to have a drink first, this is called "drinking first for worship"; Toast or even toast, called "yes man"; The rhetoric of persuading wine is even more varied.

Recently, some words to persuade wine are very fashionable, such as "I feel bored when my feelings are deep, and lick when my feelings are shallow." The revered declined politely: "We have a good relationship, try to drink!" So we pushed around, talking and laughing, and unconsciously everyone was drunk. In the past, we used to drink more Jimo yellow wine and white wine brewed by farmers themselves with sweet potatoes at banquets, and then heated it in a small iron pot. Now white wine, beer, yellow wine and fruit wine are used together, and they are no longer scalded. In addition, some small flagons with folk characteristics are rare.

There is a custom in Jimo and Yushan called "representative". Farmers hold weddings, funerals and weddings because most of the guests are overwhelmed and can ask their neighbors for help. Neighbors prepare banquets in their own homes to entertain one or several tables of guests, and then receive them later, which is called "returning to the table". This custom has solved the temporary difficulties of the parties and enhanced the feelings between the neighbors, and it is still popular among the people.

& gt corn cake

This was the main food of Qingdao people in the past. People are used to calling it "tortillas", which are made of corn flour and water. There are many kinds of cakes, such as steamed cakes and vegetable cakes. Vegetable cakes are steamed with corn flour and leaves of wild vegetables or vegetables. They were the staple food of people in the famine years, and now no one eats them. In addition, there is a kind of "hair cake" made of a little white flour (wheat flour), which belongs to the top grade of corn practice and is often eaten in festivals.

& gt tortillas are salted fish and shrimp sauce.

It is the most common way for fishermen in Qingdao coastal areas to eat. Among salted fish, salted Spanish mackerel, salted saury (hairtail) and salted white scales are the best, while shrimp paste includes shrimp paste, crab paste and shrimp head paste (ground with shrimp head). Mountain people like to eat cakes with green onions dipped in sauce oil. Soy sauce is made by farmers themselves, including bean paste and flour paste (made of wheat). Among them, fermented douchi made of soybean, mixed with diced radish, diced carrot and shredded cabbage, is delicious and especially popular with people.

& gt sweet potato

The scientific name of sweet potato is the staple food of Qingdao people, especially in Jimo, Laixi and Laoshan. Sweet potato stems and leaves are widely planted in mountainous areas of Qingdao because of their high yield, which is a good feed for livestock and suitable for planting in mountainous areas. Fresh sweet potatoes are afraid of freezing and are hard to preserve. Laixi and other places put sweet potatoes on the ceiling of the house in winter; Jimo, Laoshan and other places are piled up on the kang where the fire is made, or dug in the cellar for storage. Generally, it can be eaten until next year, so there is a saying that "sweet potato is the food for half a year". There are many ways to eat sweet potatoes. In addition to fresh sweet potatoes or shredded porridge for cooking, they are mainly sliced, shredded and dried in the sun, which are called "dried sweet potatoes" and "shredded sweet potatoes" respectively. Dried sweet potatoes and shredded sweet potatoes are ground into flour, which is sweet potato powder. Sweet potato shreds can be used to make "bean bags", which are not very delicious, so there is a saying that "don't take bean bags as dry food", which means don't look down on people. Dried sweet potatoes can only be cooked and eaten. Because it is not delicious, few people eat it now, so it can only be used as feed. Sweet potato noodles can be made into pancakes or cakes alone, or mixed with other flour to make jiaozi, rolled noodles or other pasta. Some practices are very distinctive, such as taking a kind of wild vegetable or elm bark called "Ajuga", mashing it, mixing it with sweet potato noodles, rolling it into noodles, steaming it on the grate in the pot, cooking the marinade at the bottom of the pot, and pouring the marinade on the noodles when it is cooked. People have given this one-pot cooking a very vivid name, called "Erguotou". There is also a kind of food called "gold and silver roll", which is made of white flour (wheat flour), corn flour and sweet potato flour, rolled into three layers and steamed in a pot. Gold and silver rolls are yellow, white and black, and they taste sweet. This practice is also very popular in Qingdao. Sweet potato used to be one of the staple foods of Qingdao people, so there are many tips on how to eat and how to do it. Nowadays, people's living standards have improved, and the era of sweet potato as a staple food has become history, but "sweet potato food" is still deeply loved by people. Baked sweet potatoes, sweet potato dates and fried sweet potato slices also have a large number of fans. Sweet potato jujube (called dried sweet potato in the shade in Laixi) is made by drying cooked sweet potato slices in winter and sealing them in jars. Take it out in spring, and there is a layer of white preserved fruit on it, which tastes very good. Fried sweet potato slices are fresh sweet potato slices, fried with edible oil and sprinkled with sugar to make them crisp and delicious. Nowadays, sweet potato dates and fried sweet potato slices are mostly sold in food stalls and food stores.

& gt rice

There is no rice in Qingdao. In the past, rice was only seen on the dining table of the rich, and ordinary people ate mostly millet dry rice. In Jimo and other places, cooking dry rice is called "fishing dry rice". The practice is to boil the millet until it is half cooked, then filter out the soup and steam it in a pot. The filtered rice juice is called "drinking soup", so that after the rice is cooked, it can be eaten and drunk. This labor-saving practice has been passed down from generation to generation. If red beans, red beans and mung beans are added to millet dry rice, the rice will be more fragrant and taste different. Sometimes people use glutinous rice (sorghum rice) or bitter rice for dry rice. The rice cooked by the miserable son with thick skin and low yield is not delicious, and now there is no race. Rice made from millet rice is called "rhubarb rice", which is often wrapped in steamed cakes, which is a holiday food.

& gt Zhou

Farmers often eat millet porridge, Hu porridge and corn residue rice, or all kinds of noodles cooked with corn flour and Hu Xiu noodles. Millet porridge is rich in nutrition, and it is a good product for women to "sit on the moon" and serve the elderly and patients. Porridge made of a little corn flour mixed with wild vegetables and some salt is called "vegetable rice", which is used to spend the famine years.

& gt flour cake

Also known as "steamed bread", it is the main food for ritual communication between God and relatives and friends in festivals, with various patterns. Jujube cake is a cake with five jujube noses on top, embedded with red dates and steamed for sacrifice; Cooking cakes is to knock out pasta in the shape of lotus, fish, peach, cicada, lion and monkey with a dough mold (commonly known as "cakes and cakes") for gifts to relatives and friends and festivals. On important festivals such as offering sacrifices to the sea, fishermen also make animal and plant dough sculptures such as fish, shrimp, crabs, shellfish, flowers, chickens and swallows, which are lifelike and beautiful, making people happy and reluctant to eat them.

& gt noodles

Qingdao people used to call it "noodle soup", which was made by peasant women rolling dough with a rolling pin. According to the shape, there are wide noodle soup, chess noodle soup (cut into water chestnut shape with a knife) and fine noodle soup. Wide noodle soup (also called "relaxing noodles") is a must-eat food for the bride and groom when they get married, and it is still very popular in urban and rural weddings. According to grain categories, there are white soup, pea soup, mixed noodle soup with white flour and soybean flour, and "three-legged noodle soup" (mixed with white flour, soybean flour and sweet potato flour). The noodle soup made from straight bean noodles is thin and smooth, and it tastes delicious.

& gt jiaozi

It is called "sliding bar" in rural Qingdao, which is the favorite food of Qingdao people. In the past, people only used jiaozi for holidays or entertaining guests at home. Common jiaozi has Chinese cabbage meat stuffing, shredded radish shrimp skin stuffing and leek stuffing. Jiaozi, a kind of fish in coastal areas, is very distinctive, among which Spanish mackerel jiaozi is the best. Until now, when Spanish mackerel is listed in Grain Rain, children still have the custom of giving Spanish mackerel to the elderly and letting their parents taste Spanish mackerel in jiaozi. In recent years, jiaozi, a kind of potherb stuffing, is very popular with Qingdao people, and it often appears on the table of some big hotels in spring.

& gt edible wild vegetables

In the past, rural people used to mix a little grain or bran into wild vegetables to make vegetable balls and vegetable rice. Qingdao people often eat wild vegetables, such as wild vegetables, bitter vegetables, shepherd's purse, broom vegetables, gray vegetables, cricket teeth, July 7 dishes, black vegetables, stir-fried dishes and so on. And eat money from Sophora japonica and elm trees. No one uses wild vegetables instead of grain now, but mountain vegetables, bitter vegetables and green vegetables are still sold in spring. People often use it to wrap buns. Many insects often become dishes or snacks on Qingdao people's tables, such as silkworms, tussah pupae, Dendrolimus punctatus pupae, cicadas and cicada larvae ("knowing ghosts"), and fried bean worms and scorpions have become common delicacies on people's tables.

The marriage customs in Qingdao are basically the same as those in other parts of Shandong Province. When a man marries, he is called "daughter-in-law" and when a woman marries, he is called "married". Except for special circumstances, wedding etiquette has to go through many procedures, such as matchmaking, blind date, engagement, delivery date and marriage.

-& gt； Act as a matchmaker/middleman

Also known as "Bao Media", the matchmaker introduces new people and concludes a marriage relationship. A matchmaker can be a relative, friend, acquaintance or a special matchmaker. They go back and forth to both men's and women's homes according to suitable family, age, family and other basic conditions, and generally demand higher conditions for men. If both parties are interested, the man will propose to everyone. The more people propose to her mother's family, the more honored she feels, which is the so-called "hundred women seek fortune for oneself." When a woman proposes to her husband's house, she will be ridiculed as "a prostitute can't get married." In the past, if both sides were satisfied, both men and women had to hold year-old stickers for each other and write down the date of birth of both men and women. The date and time are written on it, and the number of words must be even. Ask the fortune-teller to "get married" and find out whether the two zodiac signs and birthdays are "made for each other" or "contained with each other". If they are not bound by each other, they can discuss marriage.

-& gt； Observe and evaluate the suitability of future spouse or son.

In the past, newlyweds could only meet when the veil was lifted in the Dong people's room. In order to prevent the woman's parents from being cheated by the matchmaker, they can only secretly inquire whether the man's appearance and age are consistent with what the matchmaker said, and at the same time inquire about the man's personality and family situation. Nowadays, blind date has become an indispensable procedure in public places.

Blind date, also called "blind date", is a matchmaker (now called "introducer") who lets men and women meet at a third party's house. If they love each other, they can establish a love relationship. After many contacts. If you feel that the conditions are ripe, arrange the woman and the man to "see the house" together. Home inspection often affects the success or failure of marriage. When painting this person, you should decorate your home and show your valuables. Parents should also dress neatly, and some even borrow things from outsiders to show their wealth.

When inspecting the house, the man should prepare wine and rice and a pile of gifts. If the woman is satisfied, she will promise to stay for dinner. If she says "Mom and Dad", the man's parents will give the woman money, which is called "meeting ceremony". This marriage is settled.

-& gt； To be engaged/engaged (to [somebody])

Commonly known as "engagement" or "matchmaking". In the past, the lantern wedding had to be changed. The man prepared two invitations, one indicating the man's age and birthday, with the words "respect and promise" written on the cover, packed in a red paint box and sent to the woman's house. After the woman got Cambodia, she still wrote the words "I obey Yuyan" or "I would like to marry Qin Jin" on another lamp, and returned them to the man's house to show her consent to get married.

When engaged, the man should give the bride price (i.e. betrothal gift) to the woman, while the rich send gold and silver jewelry, silks and satins and money, while the ordinary people send cloth, which is called "giving clothes to the face". Nowadays, in some rural areas, the bride price is still very popular, and the engaged clothes and utensils are pursuing high-grade, which has caused economic burden to the man.

After the engagement, the relationship between husband and wife was formally established, and others no longer came to ask for relatives.

-& gt； date of forwarding

In the past, the man wrote the wedding date as an invitation and sent it to the woman's home as a "wedding letter". In addition to the wedding date, there is also the direction of the bride's sedan chair, which is set by the fortune teller in advance. The marriage certificate should be sent 40 days before the wedding date, so that both parties have sufficient preparation time. Today, this custom has been abolished.

-& gt； Send a dowry

The day before the wedding, the woman gave the man a dowry, commonly known as "dowry". Dowry is mostly necessities of life, such as boxes, cabinets, tables and chairs, bedding and so on. And bedding pays attention to "two beds and two covers" (two beds and two mattresses) or "four beds and four covers". In the old society, in order to show off, rich families would hire porters to carry dowry, accompanied by men, and the procession to send dowry was vast. Poor shell! Send the necessary items such as clothes and bedding commonly used by women to the man's house, or the man's house will send someone to pick them up. But no matter how much the dowry is, a pair of "longevity lamps" is indispensable.

After the dowry is sent away, the woman's family should invite women with in-laws, husbands and children to "save face" and "go online" for her daughter's marriage. Opening the face is to hang the hair on the face with a red line, and the top is to shrink the hair into a shed. After the face is opened and the top is reached, it means that the girl has become a wife. Nowadays, there are still customs of "giving betrothal gifts" and "opening faces" in rural areas of Qingdao, but there are very few people who tie their hair in a bun.

Laoshan, Jimo and other places also have the custom of "paving houses". The bride's dowry boy and the man's family make the bed together. Put chestnuts and dates around the bed, put bedding on it, and then let a little boy roll on it a few times in order to have a baby early.

-& gt； take a wife

Marriage is the most lively and complicated part of a wedding.

In the past, rich people would hire a sedan chair for two girls. One is called "official sedan chair", and the groom sits on it. The bride's mount is called a sedan chair. When the groom goes to the bride's house to get married, he must first worship the ancestors and parents of the bride's house. This is called "thanking the relatives", and then the guests will accompany him to eat noodles and eggs. When the bride leaves home, her feet must not touch the soil, and her brother will carry her on the sedan chair. Put a bag (meaning "Fu Bao") with a washbasin and a mirror in the car. The bride holds a handkerchief and can exchange it with another bride when she meets another wedding team on the way. After exchanging handkerchiefs, they are sisters. Some of them can become relatives in the future. In sedan chair, the bride's mother or sister-in-law will pour a ladle of water at the door, which means that the married daughter can't be recovered like spilled water. The groom personally goes to the woman's house to get married, which is called a "wedding banquet". People usually hire a sedan chair to sit in. The groom gets on the sedan chair first, and the sedan chair bearer carries it for more than ten steps, which is called "pressing the sedan chair". Then the groom's brother goes to the woman's house to pick up the bride, and the groom waits at home. This is called "waiting for the bride". Poor families can't afford a sedan chair, so they can only send the bride to her husband's family by donkey or cart. This is called "farewell". After the bride got off the sedan chair, two bridesmaids helped her into the yard and worshipped the world with the groom. Then the groom led the bride into the bridal chamber with a piece of red silk. In the bridal chamber, the groom took off the bride's hijab with a scale. Two people drink a cup of "toast", also called "concentric wine", at this point, the relationship between husband and wife was formally established.

It is necessary to have a noisy room at the wedding. As the saying goes, "it doesn't matter if you get married for three days." Therefore, regardless of generations, relatives and friends can make fun of the bride in the new house. Because local customs think it will be lucky not to make trouble. Therefore, the noise often makes the bride complain. Three days after marriage, the bride is accompanied by the groom back to her family, which is called "returning to the door". In Jiaozhou and other places, on the second day after marriage, the bride and groom go to the woman's house to recognize their relatives and return to the man's house on the third day. On the sixth day, the bride's brother or nephew visited the man's house, and on the ninth day, the woman took the bride home, which was called "calling two times, three times and staying nine times". Walk as a normal relative in the future.

Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), great changes have taken place in wedding customs, and some special marriage customs have disappeared. Some marriage forms, such as "uxorilocal marriage" and "changing relatives", are still popular in Qingdao. The "uxorilocal marriage" is called "adoption", commonly known as "recruiting a son-in-law to support the elderly" and "inserting the door backwards", which is a form of marriage in which a woman marries a man. In the past, some families had no children, so they tried to get married in order to inherit the family business and carry on the family line, or because they couldn't bear to leave their daughters. "Bride-in-law" also holds ceremonies such as wedding and meeting the bride, but it is much simpler than marrying a woman. Most of the sons-in-law who support the elderly are men with poor families, many brothers and no ability to get married. After entering the door, you have to change your surname with your wife. Now, with the consent of both men and women, men are willing to go to the woman's house to get married, and there is no need for transsexuality. Most of their children take their wives' names. "Changing relatives" means that two families exchange their children as daughter-in-law and son-in-law, and there are also three families (children of family A exchange family B, children of family B exchange family C and children of family C exchange family A), which is called "changing relatives". Changing relatives depends on parents, and it is difficult to satisfy several children, which often leads to family misfortune and marriage tragedy.

In terms of wedding etiquette, some complicated festivals in the past have now been abandoned in Qingdao. The wedding day no longer pays attention to the "auspicious day of the zodiac", but chooses May Day, National Day, New Year and other festivals, but the double day of the lunar calendar is still popular. In rural areas, the custom of "thanking relatives", eating noodles, meeting in-laws, drinking a glass of wine, making a scene and going home three days after marriage is still continuing.

In urban areas, wedding etiquette tends to be simplified. Usually on the morning of the wedding, the groom is accompanied by the best man to the bride's house, and the groom bows to his parents-in-law. And eat jiaozi with the bride and even jiaozi in the bowl. Then pick up the bride and return to the man's house before noon 12. The so-called "can't miss the time". At the man's house, the bride and groom should eat "rest assured noodles".

Now, after the bride takes it back, she often holds weddings in hotels or restaurants. Friends and relatives present gifts to congratulate them. In addition to decorations and practical items, most of them have been given "hi money" in recent years. Give a banquet in honor of guests at noon. The number of tables ranges from a few to dozens. During the dinner, the bride and groom toasted the guests one by one, and the guests wished each other well. At the same time, the woman hosted a banquet at home to entertain relatives.

In recent years, many young people choose to travel to get married and spend their honeymoon in some tourist attractions. After the wedding, most newlyweds will put on dresses and wedding dresses and take photos and videos on the beach. In recent years, especially from May to 10, every "auspicious day", many newlyweds bring their wedding dresses to the commemorative video of the bay scenic spot, which has become an island city scene, adding new features to Qingdao's wedding folklore.

In Qingdao, relatives and relatives have the same appellation. Cai Xi called her father "Dad", her mother "Mom", her grandfather "Grandpa" and her grandmother "Grandma". Laoshan and Jimo call their father "Dad", their mother "Niang", their grandfather "Grandpa" and their grandmother "Horse". In addition, some places in Jiaozhou call father "Da". For the father's brothers, some places are called "grandpa" and "uncle", and most areas are called "dad" according to the ranking, such as "big dad", "second dad" and "third dad". Fathers and brothers' spouses are called Auntie, Erniang or Auntie and Ermayina, while Pingdu is called Auntie, Auntie and Empress.

Grandfather's father is called Grandfather, and Grandfather's mother is called Old Mother or Grandmother. Grandparents are called "grandfathers", "old mothers" or "grandmothers". Husband and wife are symmetrical, and the husband calls his wife "his mother" or "XX his mother" according to the children's names; The wife calls her husband "the father of the child" or "the father of XX", and most childless people use "hey" instead. With the development of the times, people now call each other by their surnames or first names.

In front of outsiders, in the old society, the husband called his wife "my wife" or "the head of my family"; The wife calls her husband "my husband" or "my outside". Nowadays, young people often call me "my date" or "my little X", and older people often call me "my wife".

A wife calls her husband's parents "father", "mother" or "mother", while outsiders call them "father-in-law" and "mother-in-law"; Call your husband's brother "uncle" and your brother "brother-in-law"; Call her husband's sister "elder sister" and her sister "sister-in-law"; Address your husband's nephews and nieces as nephews and nieces. Husband and wife call their daughter-in-law "daughter-in-law" and "X" according to their surnames, such as Zhang and Wang.

The appellation between close relatives (generally within five clothes) and distant relatives is called "own home", which can be roughly divided into:

On my grandparents' door:

Mother's father (grandfather) is called "grandfather" and mother (grandmother) is called "grandmother" or "grandmother".

Grandpa's father is called "grandpa" and grandpa's mother is called "grandma".

Mother's brother is called "uncle" and uncle's spouse is called "aunt" or "nephew".

Grandmother's brother is called "great-uncle" and his spouse is called "great-aunt" and "great-aunt";

Grandma's sisters are called "Auntie" and "Auntie".

Uncle's children are called cousins, cousins, cousins and cousins, while outsiders are called cousins and cousins.

My uncle called my sister's children "nephews" and "nieces"; Sisters' grandsons and granddaughters are called "grandsons", but they are pronounced "nephews" the same.

Go to my aunt's door (second aunt):

Mother's sisters are called "aunts" (called "big aunts" and "second aunts" according to age), and aunt's spouse is called "uncles".

Aunties call women "cousins", "cousins", "cousins" and "cousins", while foreigners call them "second aunts and second brothers" and "second aunts and second sisters".

On my aunt's door:

The father's sisters are called "aunts" and "aunts" (big aunts and second aunts are used to distinguish between seniority and inferiority), and the spouse is called "uncles".

Children of aunts and uncles are also called cousins. Cousin. Cousin. Brother, brother, sister and younger sister are all equal in person, while outsiders call them "Gu Brothers" and "Gu Sisters".

In-laws' door:

The wife's parents are called "father", "mother" and "mother" in person, while outsiders are called "father-in-law", "father-in-law" and "mother-in-law".

The wife's brother is called "elder brother" and "younger brother" in person, and the outsider is called "brother-in-law".

Their partners are called "sister-in-law" or "sister-in-law" in person, while outsiders are called "brother-in-law's daughter-in-law".

The wife's sister is called "elder sister" and "younger sister" in person, while outsiders are called "elder sister" and "sister-in-law" according to their seniority.

The husband of his wife's sister is called "brother-in-law" and "brother-in-law" in person and "brother-in-law" in person.

Parents call their children's husbands "his brother-in-law", "eldest son-in-law" and "second son-in-law" in person, while outsiders call them "daughter-in-law".

Parents of husband and wife call each other "in-laws" or "in-laws".