Looking for a brief list of Japanese history and a timetable for the list of emperors in previous dynasties?

1, Kamakura era (1185–1333)

Kamakura era is the beginning of Japanese shogunate regime. /kloc-At the end of 0/2, the Yuan Dynasty defeated the powerful Heiqingsheng clan of the aristocratic class, took Kamakura (Kanagawa Prefecture) as the base, and began to dominate the whole country, forcing his younger brother Yuan Yijing to commit suicide and was appointed as a foreign general, thus establishing the first shogunate regime in Japanese history in Kamakura. From then on, the samurai regime was born, and the opposition between martial politics and public politics appeared. The Kamakura shogunate established by Lai Dynasty lasted about 140 years, which was called the Kamakura era. Takeshi politics lasted for about 700 years from Kamakura to Edo. /kloc-in the late third century, the samurai rule of the shogunate began to face difficulties, and the kamakura shogunate gradually embarked on the road of extinction.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the warriors who made great achievements in the war were regarded as relatives of the emperor and the country, and the strongest of them were made officials (guarding the fields) and then sent to various places. The guarding work is to order the royal family to protect public order, while the fields are taxed and managed by the manor. Samurai usually live in the countryside, engage in agriculture and receive martial arts training. However, in wartime, they can fight for Kamakura. That's to repay the general for his official position and land gift.

After the death of Yuanlaichao, the real power of the shogunate was in the hands of Masako's maiden North Island, Yuanlaichao's wife. After killing three generations of generals minamoto no sanetomo, Kitajima made the son of a noble in Kyoto a general. Then the real power is in the hands of North Island, and the position is administrative hereditary.

/kloc-at the beginning of the 3rd century, Emperor Gotobajoko (1 180~ 1239) launched a war (perpetual chaos) to overthrow the shogunate and return the real power to the imperial court. However, the defeat of the emperor made the shogunate stronger. After this chaos, the shogunate decided to be loyal and eternal.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, Genghis Khan, a Mongolian, passed through Korea and attacked northern Kyushu for the second time. At that time, Chai Tian Sejong (125 1~ 1284) was in power, and he gathered the royal family to fight hard, but at that time, the Japanese samurai were all one-on-one, so they also suffered for the group tactics of the Yuan Army. Fortunately, in the second war, there happened to be a storm, so the Yuan army was defeated. Although the shogunate defeated the Yuan Army in this war, it also suffered economic losses afterwards. In addition, because it was fighting the Yuan army, there was no so-called defeat to accept, and it was impossible to reward the royal family, which also caused great dissatisfaction. After the royal family was dissatisfied with the shogunate, they began to disobey the orders of the shogunate, and the influence of the shogunate declined.

It was Daigo (1288~ 1339) who finally reorganized the shogunate. He defeated the shogunate by uniting with the royal family who were dissatisfied with the northern strip, and the Kamakura shogunate died in 1333.

The establishment of the Kamakura shogunate marked the end of the era when Japan was actually ruled by the central aristocracy, and the samurai with low status in the aristocratic era stepped onto the historical stage. They despised the lazy life of the aristocrats in the Heian dynasty, advocated the idea of "loyalty to the monarch, chastity, integrity, courage and perseverance", and integrated Confucianism, Buddhism, Zen and Shinto, forming the spiritual pillar of Japanese militarism "Bushido". 13 Ji Yuanjun invaded Japan, which objectively strengthened the shogunate's rule over Japan. The establishment of the Kamakura shogunate marked that the Japanese emperor became a puppet and the shogunate became the actual political center.

Culturally, based on the aristocratic culture in the past, it absorbed the Zen culture introduced into Japan in the Song Dynasty and cultivated a vivid, realistic, simple and unique martial arts culture. Zen Buddhism was introduced to Japan in the12nd century, and was valued by the Kanto samurai, and new trends appeared in the art field. In the war-torn generation, soldiers and peasants pursued stronger religion, and the emerging Buddhism also rose. This is different from Buddhism in peacetime, which attaches importance to strict precepts and knowledge. The emerging Buddhism is easier to understand and attaches importance to practice. Pro-Luan (1 173~ 1262) sang said that all people who read Amitabha in the south can be saved, and the Pure Land True Sect (Zongzong) was opened. On the other hand, Riliansang said that anyone who reads Amitabha in the south can be saved. And founded the Japanese Lotus School (Fahua School). In addition, Zen spread among samurai was spread by China and preached by eminent monks such as Rongxi (Lin Ji, Liancang Mountain) and Daoyuan (Yongping Temple, Fukui County, Cao Dongzong), because the strict purpose of meditation exercises coincides with the samurai's character.

Japan has a belief in God since ancient times, but it is centered on sacrifice and has no classics or teachings. However, in this era, the shrine of Ise Shrine makes the theoretical basis of Shinto clearer by referring to the teachings of Buddhism.

In literature, there are literature (military stories) describing the samurai war, the most famous of which is The Story of the Ping Family, which takes the rise and fall of the Ping Family as the theme, treats and records people living in the Japanese national war from the impermanence of Buddhism, and its communication mode is written in Chinese (mixed with Chinese). There is also the way the Pipa master plays the Pipa in front of people and talks about the past. In addition, there are Ya Changming (1153 ~1216) and Yoshida Kenko (1283~ 1350? ) "grass in vain."

In architecture, there is the south gate of Dongda Temple, which is more beautiful in structure than in decoration, and there are powerful sculptures such as King Ren (King Kong) in it. In painting, in the late Heian period, quite excellent scrolls appeared, such as Tale of Genji, Pictures of Birds and Animals, etc., and many other scrolls appeared in later times.

1 180 said: Lai Chao fought Pingjia, occupied Kamakura, set out to run Kanto and set up a service office.

1 183 said: Lai Dynasty obtained the recognized administrative power of the East from Goshirakawa Huangfa.

1 184, it is said that the county government and the official document hall were established, and the basic institutions of the kamakura shogunate took shape.

1 185 said: Lai Chao began to set up guards and fields as promised.

1 190 said: The imperial court recognized Lai Chao's position and appointed him as the general pursuer of Japan.

1 192 said: Lai Chao became a general to conquer foreign nations.

General in Kamakura era

The fourth and fifth generations of Fujiwara generals; Six generations later, he became a royal general.

The first generation: Yuan Laichao (みなもとのよりとも), the son of Yoshitomo Yuanye.

The second generation: Minamoto No Yoriie (みなもとのよりぃぇ) is the son of Yuan Laichao.

Three generations: Yuan (みなもとのさねとも) is the son of Yuan Laichao.

Four generations under one roof: Fujiwara was originally from Beijing (ふじわらのよりつね), the son of Nine Daoists.

Five Dynasties: Fujiwara Rice (ふじわらのよりつぐ), the son of Fujiwara.

Six Dynasties: Prince Zong Xiao (むねたかしんのぅ) was the son of Emperor Emei.

Seven generations: Prince Weikang (これやすしんのぅ), the son of Prince Zong Xiao.

Eight Dynasties: The Prince Shen Cao succeeded the Prince Gu Ming (ひさぁきらしんのぅ).

Nine Dynasties: Prince Shoubang (もりくにしんのぅ) and Prince Jiuming.

2. Jianwu New Deal (1333–1336)

After the death of the Kamakura shogunate, in June of 1333 (3 years in Justin in the southern dynasty and 2 years in Zhengqing in the northern dynasty), Daigo, a chess player, ascended the throne again. In 1334, the emperor's power was further concentrated, and the highest central organ record office and miscellaneous litigation decision-making office were set up to reorganize the emperor's political institutions. Jianwu was always a symbol of ZTE before World War II. Historians in recent years have recorded it as "Jianwu regime".

All the new policies of Go Daigo in the imperial court failed to meet the requirements of the samurai class, and only the ministers and nobles in Kyoto were reused, which caused widespread dissatisfaction among the samurai class. 1336 (the third year of Jianwu), Ashikaga respected the teacher and led a rebellion, which soon led to the collapse of Kamakura and the collapse of Jianwu regime.

3. Southern and Northern Dynasties (1336–1392)

Japan's Southern and Northern Dynasties took place in 1336-1392, which was preceded by the Kamakura era and followed by the Muromachi era. During this period, Japan had two emperors, the South and the North, each with its own inheritance.

Zunshi established the Northern Dynasty corresponding to the Southern Dynasty in the Five Dynasties Valley, and established the Muromachi shogunate in 1336. The era of the opposing Northern and Southern Dynasties lasted until AD 1392, and was finally unified by the Northern Dynasties. Taking the Ren Ying Uprising as an opportunity, Japan entered the Warring States Period. Although the war is still going on, domestic and foreign trade is booming, and agricultural and industrial technology has also improved. At the same time, the Japanese attacked North Korea and China.

After the elimination of the Kamakura shogunate, Weiqi Daigo carried out the first royal restoration and implemented the New Deal, which was known as the Jianwu New Deal in history. Because the New Deal did not meet the requirements of the samurai, it only reused the nobles in Kyoto, which attracted the dissatisfaction of the samurai. Among them, the first step to respect the history of general is even more dissatisfied. Although he was honored by the emperor's name, he still wanted to open a government. As a result, Ashikaga respected the teacher and forced Go Daigo to abdicate. The new emperor Yan Guang appointed him as a general to conquer foreign countries. It's from the northern dynasty.

After Daigo abdicated, the three artifacts symbolized by the Emperor retreated to Yoshino and Yamato (now Nara Prefecture) and were used by the Southern Dynasties. At this point, the Northern and Southern Dynasties finally formed, and the history books also call it "two emperors in the south of Beijing in one day"

After many attacks and defenses, the power of the Southern Dynasties declined. Finally, the Emperor of the Southern Dynasties handed over three artifacts to the Emperor of the Northern Dynasties, ending the era of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Warring States period:

Generally speaking, 1467 (the first year of Ren Ying) is the history from the Warring States Period of Japan to 16 15, when Tokugawa Ieyasu launched the Osaka Summer War, conquered Toyotomi Hideyori and unified Japan.

3. Muromachi era (むろまちじだぃ1336–1573)

Muromachi era is a dividing line in the Middle Ages in Japanese history.

Ashikaga was originally a noble family in Ueno, but also a kin of the Kamakura shogunate general. Zuli Zun established the Northern Dynasty corresponding to the Southern Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, and established the Muromachi shogunate in 1336. The era of the opposing Northern and Southern Dynasties lasted until AD 1392, and was finally unified by the Northern Dynasties. Taking the Ren Ying Uprising as an opportunity, Japan entered the Warring States Period. The first step is to open a shogunate in Muromachi, Kyoto, as the Muromachi shogunate. Although the war is still going on, domestic and foreign trade is booming, and agricultural and industrial technology has also improved. At the same time, the Japanese attacked North Korea and China.

/kloc-in the first half of the 0/4th century, Ashikaga Yiguang, the third generation general, unified the north and the south. Iman tried to usurp the throne after stabilizing the shogunate in Kyoto. But after his death, the fourth generation general Ashikaga Yoshimochi stopped it. In more than two centuries, the Wu family has overwhelmed the public and gained an advantage in politics and culture. Because the Muromachi shogunate was established by gathering powerful names, the ruling ability of the shogunate itself was relatively weak. In January of the first year of Ren Ying (1467), when Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth generation general, was in power, Ren Ying rebellion broke out because of the issue of inheritance rights, and the authority of the shogunate declined from then on. The name of Wei, which was originally sealed by the shogunate in various places, was gradually usurped by Wei Dai (adjutant), retainer and Chinese people, and some of them were able to maintain political power until the Warring States Period. From Ren Ying's rebellion to the demise of Ashikaga shogunate, it is called the Warring States Period. In the name of the warring States period, it became a powerful independent regime that ruled the local land and people.

In Kyoto, the authority of the shogunate gradually declined and was interfered and supported by the Hosokawa Morihiro family. The13rd generation general Ashikaga Yi Hui was killed, and his younger brother Ashikaga Yoshiaki was founded by Oda Xintai. Later, due to opposition to Xintai's exile, the shogunate perished and officially entered the Antu Taoshan era.

In Muromachi era, both aristocratic culture and martial artists were influenced by Zen. /kloc-At the end of 0/4th century, Beishan culture represented by Jingu Temple and Dongshan culture represented by Yinta Temple were very developed. /kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, Portuguese and Spanish came to Japan and introduced guns and Christianity. It was an era of active culture.

Modern Times

1, The End of Muromachi and the Age of Antu Taoshan (1568–1603)

After the Ren Ying Uprising, great names in various parts of Japan rose in succession, and wars raged, making people miserable. /kloc-In the middle of the 6th century, there appeared a lean man who was determined to unify Japan by force and end troubled times. He is Nobutaka Oda.

In the third year of Lu Yong (1560), Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto's 40,000 troops with 2,000 men in a narrow wooden barrel and became famous at one fell swoop. Later, we gradually unified Zhang Wei and Feng Jingen, and prepared to attack Yin Shan and Yang Shan. During this period, Nobunaga Oda built the magnificent Antu City. So Nobunaga's era is called "An Tian's era".

Nobunaga Oda defeated the high-spirited Tiantai monks with secular power in 157 1 year, destroyed Hiei Mountain, the center of their temple near Kyoto, and killed thousands of monks.

In the third year of Qing Dynasty (1598), Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in the Taoshan Castle in Fujian. Feng Chen's family is divided into two factions: near the river (western army) and Wei Zhang (eastern army). As one of the five elders of the Toyotomi regime, Tokugawa Ieyasu launched the Guanyuan War in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (1600), defeated the western army and established the Tokugawa regime. In the eighth year of Changqing (1603), the Tokugawa shogunate was established and the Warring States period ended.

1573, defeated local famous soldiers, exiled the last Ashikaga shogunate general, and started the Anzutaoshan period in history.

1577, Nobunaga sent the general Yuchai Hideyoshi to capture the twelve states of Honshu.

In the 10th year of Tianzheng 1582, when Nonaga Oda led an army to support Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he was assassinated by his military commander Akechi Mitsuhide, that is, the change of Benneng Temple.

Oda's official Yukio Hatoyama defeated Akechi Mitsuhide and Shibata Katsuie successively. 1584, Toyotomi Hideyoshi wiped out the other three protectors and took full control of Kyoto, becoming the undisputed successor of Shinshin. After that, Japan was gradually unified through the Four Kingdoms Conquest, the Kyushu Conquest and the Battle of Odahara. Hideyoshi was born an ordinary person without a surname. He was adopted by Fujiwara's family, sent to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and got an official position. This means that Japan's internal affairs and military affairs are under his control. In the following year, he maintained an alliance with three of the nine famous generals and continued the war between Shikoku and Kyushu.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi's era is called "Taoshan Age".

1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeated the last enemy who controlled Donghongshu kanto region with 200,000 troops. The other names surrendered.

In the third year of Qing Dynasty (1598), Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in the Taoshan Castle in Fujian. Feng Chen's family is divided into two factions: near the river (western army) and Wei Zhang (eastern army). As one of the five elders of the Toyotomi regime, Tokugawa Ieyasu launched the Guanyuan War in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (1600), defeated the western army and established the Tokugawa regime.

In the eighth year of Changqing (1603), the Tokugawa shogunate was established and the Warring States period ended.

The word "Japan's Warring States Period" comes from Article 20 of Two Statues of History written by Takeda Shingen, a famous Japanese in Yamanashi Prefecture (152 1- 1573). The beginning is "above the Warring States". In other words, people born in what later generations called the Warring States period already know that "now is the Warring States period".

Strictly speaking, Japan's Warring States period is not a formal historical term, and it is generally used to refer to the Japanese history of political chaos and political division between the end of Muromachi shogunate and Antu Taoshan era. In this era, the traditional aristocratic politics has collapsed, and local tyrants and even ronins may become the names of many countries and even "the world". In addition, the trade exchange between Japan and Europeans was officially launched, and the introduction of Christianity and muskets changed the pattern of society and war. In the late Warring States period, the relationship between serfs and landlords under the feudal system was gradually destroyed. The famous countries, led by Nonomura Zhitian, gradually got rid of the former system of integrating military and agriculture, and used cash to hire prodigals as professional soldiers. At the same time, the early vassal's China local tyrant alliance system gradually changed into a centralized and dictatorial military regime. So large-scale fighting became the norm, and a unified shogunate was born from the war.

Today, most people think that the Japanese Warring States began with the Ren Ying Uprising in 1467, but it ended roughly as follows:

1568 Nobunaga went to Los Angeles (into Kyoto).

1573, Nobutaka Oda captured the Imperial House of Muromachi, and the Muromachi shogunate perished.

1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi wiped out the Kitajima family in Kanto, conquered Aobao, and completed the great reunification with Japan.

Tokugawa Ieyasu established the edo shogunate in 1603.

16 15 Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated Toyotomi Hideyori in Osaka Summer Battle, and the Toyotomi family perished.

1598 Toyotomi Hideyoshi died, and the whole country fell into chaos again. At that time, Tokugawa Ieyasu, the most powerful male, took control of the power center of Osaka Castle by political means, which aroused the dissatisfaction of most male celebrities and civil servants in Toyotomi Hideyoshi. 1600, disgruntled Daming attacked Tokugawa Ieyasu under the call of civil servant Ishida Mitsunari and Daming's keeper, and the two sides fought fiercely in the battle of Guanyuan. As a result, Tokugawa Ieyasu won a great victory and became the actual ruler of this country. 1603, the emperor decreed him as a general to conquer foreign countries, thus entering the edo period.

2. edo period (1603–1868)

Edo era in Edo City is Tokugawa era, Tokugawa era and Japanese era, which was founded in 1603 and returned to the big government in 1867. It was the last era of Japanese feudal rule.

In the eighth year of Keinaga (1603), Tokugawa Ieyasu was made a foreign general and established a shogunate regime in Edo (now Tokyo). After that, the Tokugawa family ruled the country for more than 260 years. This period is called the edo period. Tokugawa shogunate strictly controlled emperors, nobles, temples and shrines, and tried its best to rule farmers who supported the wooden model system. In the 9th year of Yuanhe (1623), Guang Jia, the third generation general of Tokugawa family, came to power and ordered the country to be locked up. Foreigners are forbidden to come to Japan, and Japanese people are also forbidden to travel overseas, except Nagasaki and its border sites, which are open as foreign ports. Due to behind closed doors, Mufan system ushered in a stable period. However, with the development of industry and commodity economy, the management system of farmers' self-sufficiency collapsed, and the mufan system began to shake from the18th century.

The common people culture is the characteristic of this period. /kloc-From the late 7th century to the early 8th century, Luyuan culture was a samurai and merchant culture centered on Kyoto and Osaka (the Kanto natives in Japan called Kyoto and Osaka the top). The clean glass of dolls, kabuki, ukiyo-e paintings and handicrafts are very prosperous. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the normalized culture went to Edo, and novels, kabuki, ukiyo-e paintings and literati paintings presented rich and colorful merchant culture.

The education level of people in Edo period was surprisingly high in medieval countries. At that time, most men were literate, and the literacy rate of women was also very high. First of all, because private schools and temples have no specific fees, the rich can pay silver as tuition. Even if ordinary farmers are born in poverty, they can pay a small amount of agricultural products as tuition fees, which makes most people have the opportunity to receive education. Second, with the increase of commercialization, people and logistics, the improvement of life skills forces people.

Fourthly, modernity and modernity.

1, Meiji era at the end of the curtain (1868–1912)

/kloc-in Asia in the middle of the 0/9th century, Japan was in the last shogunate-Tokugawa shogunate era. The tyranny of the powerful Tokugawa shogunate has aroused many people who work as farmers from time to time. The foreign policy of "locking up the country" is implemented, and foreign missionaries, businessmen and civilians are prohibited from entering Japan. Only businessmen from the Netherlands and China (the Qing Empire) were allowed to continue their activities in Nagasaki, which was the only port initially opened to the outside world. In addition, the Tokugawa shogunate also banned Christian belief.

At the end of the edo shogunate, natural disasters continued, the Tokugawa era was corrupt and the people were poor. Moreover, the financial difficulties of the shogunate made most of the middle and lower samurai more and more dissatisfied with the shogunate. At the same time, western capitalist powers knocked on the door of Japan, which has not been locked for more than 200 years.

Under the double pressure of internal troubles and foreign invasion, the Japanese gradually realized that only by overthrowing the Tokugawa era and learning from capitalist countries is Japan's way to prosperity. So a vigorous closing movement began.

1867, Satsuma, Changzhou, Anyi and other vassal States formed an alliance and used force to discuss the curtain; 1On June 3rd, 868, defectors representing the interests of the bourgeoisie and the emerging landlord class, under the leadership of Kubao Junyi, Saigō Takamori and Koji, known as the "three outstanding reformers", successfully staged a coup and celebrated15th generation general Tokugawa Yoshinobu in the third year of welcoming Britain (1867). The newly enthroned Emperor Meiji promulgated the imperial edict of "restoring the ancient ways to kings". This is the Meiji Restoration in Japanese history. Japan has since embarked on the capitalist road.

1868 (the second year of Meiji), Emperor Meiji moved the capital to Edo and changed its name to Tokyo. After that, a series of major reforms were carried out in politics, economy, culture, education and diplomacy. Japan's national strength grew stronger, and later defeated Qing beiyang fleet in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (the so-called "Japanese-Qing War"), and wiped out Russian Pacific Fleet and Baltic Fleet in the Russo-Japanese War (the so-called "Japanese-Qing War"). Japan has become one of the imperialist powers.

2. Taisho era (1912–1926)

Emperor Meiji died in the forty-fifth year of Meiji (19 12) on July 30th, and the Crown Prince Jiaren was renamed Emperor Taishō. Since then, it has entered the era of Dazheng.

Only one son of Emperor Meiji can survive, and his mother waits on Aiko Yanahara. After his father's death, he succeeded to the throne as a crown prince, and changed his position to Dazheng with a sentence in the Book of Changes that "the tycoon's righteousness is heaven's way". When I grow up, I will marry Jiujiezi (Queen Zhenming) as the Crown Princess. There are four children. Namely Emperor Hirohito Hirohito, Prince Gongfu Yongren, Takamatsu Palace Renxu An Qinwang and Prince Li Sangong Chongren.

In the early days of his administration, after he accepted western culture and ideas in the Meiji Restoration, the country developed steadily. In addition, in Europe during the First World War, many foreign businessmen who were willing to take risks came to invest in Japan, which caused the prosperity of new Japan, making Taisho's early days an unprecedented prosperity for Japan since the Meiji Restoration. At the end of the European War, the wave of national self-determination was very strong, and the atmosphere of democracy and freedom was strong, which was later called "Dazheng democracy".

Its wave influenced Taiwan Province Province, which was a Japanese colony at that time, so Lin and others launched a petition movement for the national assembly to win the people of Taiwan Province Province to participate in colonial politics. Some scholars in Taiwan Province Province who studied Japanese history changed his nickname, and changed the word "big" into the word "too", calling him "Emperor Zheng Tai" and calling his rule "Zheng Tai", which meant that Japanese life in that period was "too punctual" (too beautiful). Also, "Tai" in Japanese means "Da" in Chinese. )

In the later period of his reign, he was called "unfortunate Dazheng" by the world because he failed to give full play to his father's advantages and natural and man-made disasters such as the Great Kanto Earthquake followed one after another. He was forced to rest because he suffered from encephalopathy. In the tenth year of Taisho (192 1), his son Crown Prince Hirohito was the regent. In the fifteenth year of Dazheng (1926), he died at the age of 48.

Taisho era is a short and relatively stable period. The fundamental feature of this era is that the tide of Dazheng democracy has swept through all fields of culture. The period before Taisho was an unprecedented period of prosperity in Japan since the Meiji Restoration. At the end of the European War, the wave of national self-determination was very strong, and the atmosphere of democracy and freedom was strong, which was later called "Dazheng democracy".

3. Showa Times (1926–1989)

1926, Hirohito ascended the throne, with the year number "Showa", namely Hirohito. For people in China, South Korea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, the first 20 years of the Showa era were dark years. At this time, the Japanese government was committed to aggression and expansion. 193 1 year (the 6th year of Showa), the "September 18th Incident" broke out and the Japanese army occupied the northeast of China. 1937 (Showa 12) On July 7, 2007, the Japanese army provoked the Lugouqiao Incident and launched a full-scale war of aggression against China. 65438+ In February 65438+March of the same year, the Japanese invaders occupied Nanjing and launched the "Nanjing Massacre" which lasted for six weeks. About 300,000 Japanese soldiers and civilians died tragically under the butcher's knife of the invaders. 194 1 year (showa 16), the Japanese attacked pearl harbor and the Pacific war broke out.

This period not only brought profound disasters to the people in China, Korea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, but also brought pain and difficulties to the Japanese people. This is the darkest period in the history of Japan and Sino-Japanese relations.

1945 (20th year of Showa) On August15th, the Japanese army surrendered. The U.S. military occupied Japan and changed Japan's autocratic imperial power system into a constitutional monarchy, and the emperor was preserved as a symbol of Japan.

1972 (47th year of Showa) In July, tanaka kakuei became Japanese Prime Minister and began to pursue "multilateral independence" diplomacy. In September of the same year, Tanaka visited China and signed the Sino-Japanese Joint Statement with Premier Zhou Enlai on September 29th, announcing the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan. 1978 In August, China and Japan concluded the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping was invited to visit Japan and announced the official entry into force of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Sino-Japanese relations have been normalized since then.

4. Heisei era (1989 to present)

1989 (in the 64th year of Showa, the first year of Heisei), Hirohito fell ill. Crown Prince Akihito acceded to the throne and changed his title to "Heisei".