Why do Europeans and Americans have a low repetition rate of surnames and seldom repeat surnames? ?

Names are often the witness of a country, national history and economy.

The Netherlands is the lowest country in the world and is called "the country of dams". Holland is beautiful and has the reputation of "Flower Country". Dutch surnames also reflect these characteristics. Van Dyke means dam, Boyden dam means outside the dam, Fandan means dam, Niudan means new dam, Van Dyke means ocean, and Van Dyke means sluice. Bloom means flowers, many flowers mean gardens, Rose means roses, Bloom Belgen means Huashan, and Van der Fifi means pools.

The Czech Republic is a small country, often invaded by foreign countries and easily influenced by foreign cultures. During the period of humanism, intellectuals loved to use Latin names. John amos Comenius, a world-famous educator, replaced his Czech celebrity Ames Comenius with his Latin name. During the national rejuvenation in the19th century, there appeared some names full of national colors and the spirit of the times, such as Ladislav, which means beautiful Slav, Liboslav, which means lovely Slav, Silorade, which means the power of love. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Czech Republic had a close relationship with France, and many people took French names as fashion. After World War II, many people proposed to change the traces left by Germans in their surnames. The original surname Neumann (meaning a new resident) requires the Czech word Novak or Novoth Wa, Novak and Novak with the same meaning to be the two largest surnames. Russian names account for a large proportion of citizens born in the 1940s and 1950s. In the 1960s, there was a climax in choosing the names of apostles in the calendar, among which "Yang" was the most popular, and "Yang" was a Czech name evolved from "John".

There are many names in Europe and America. Not only are we in trouble, but they also feel in trouble. In fact, except for serious occasions, they usually use abbreviations, abbreviations and nicknames. Abbreviation means calling only the surname, not the first name and other parts. Herbert george wells, just call him Wells. Most of what we usually see is like this. For example, Clinton, Reagan and Yeltsin all use abbreviations. Children and young people are called by their first names, not their surnames, which is also a common abbreviation.

Relatives and friends call each other common nicknames to show kindness. Anthony's nicknames are Anton and Tony, Joseph's nickname is Joe and Joey, Richard's nickname is Dick, William's nickname is Bill and Willie, Elizabeth's nickname is Bessie and Betty, and Margaret's nickname is Maggie and Peggy.

European and American countries use pinyin, and there are many grammatical changes such as sex, number and case when using names, so I won't explain them here.

It is worth noting that the translation of foreign names into Chinese is transliteration. Due to different translators and different times, there are many translations of a name, which confuses people with "Zhang Wang Li Zhao". Shakespeare, for example, has translations such as Tonksibi, Narrow spire, Sotheby's, Sotheby's, Shaq spire and Shakespeare. The Fat Man and the Belgian Detective in agatha christie's series of mystery novels were translated by Poirot, Poirot, Poiraud, Paul and Boalo respectively. Stalin was translated into Stalin, Gorky was translated into Gorky, Hugo was translated into Russian, and Chabaev was translated into Xia Boyang. In the 1940s, Fu Donghua, a translator, translated the characters in the American novel Gone with the Wind into Scarlett, Rhett, etc. according to the habit of putting surnames before surnames in China.

The suffix of European and American languages changes, and the last word of the name translated into Chinese is very interesting. Russia, Bulgaria and Ukraine mostly end with "Fu" and "Ski", Romania mostly ends with "Scu", Italy mostly ends with "Ni" and "Ti", all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia mostly end with "Vichy" and "Odd", while northern Europe mostly ends with "Sheng" and "Di".

Westerners are used to mentioning surnames and only nominating people close to them.

European and American countries generally believe in Jesus, and babies are named by priests when they are baptized, which is called Christian names. Christian names are usually used for angels, apostles and saints, such as John, Ivan, Peter, Paul, Joseph and James. In the English-speaking world, the most commonly used Christian name is John, because he is the most proud disciple of Jesus. The Christian name of Americans is the official name recognized by law. In some countries, fathers give their children other names besides their Christian names. Recently, the phenomenon of taking meaningful names other than Christian names has become more and more common, and the religious significance of Christian names has gradually weakened.

Before the October Revolution in Russia, people's names could not be chosen at will, but must be named according to the list of names listed in the church almanac. There are men's names and women's names in the church calendar. For example, in August 12, there are seven men's names, Yakov, Ivan, Dmitry and Alexei. Boys born on this day can only choose from these seven names. There is only one woman named Iulianiya on this day, and all girls born on this day can only be named Iulianiya. 189 1 year, there are 900 male names and 250 female names in the Russian almanac. Since the end of 19, there are 34 1 male names and 334 female names in Finland. Most of these names are added later, and the more you go forward, the fewer names you have. In France, Napoleon stipulated that French citizens should not choose their names at will and must use the names of saints or ancient celebrities used in almanac. This rule has been affecting until now. Because of this, a large number of duplicate names have appeared. There are only 7 million people in Sweden, but 3 million people use 6 male names and 60 female names. It can be seen that in European and American countries, surnames are much more than first names, first names are limited, and surnames can be unlimited. At the same time, I also understand why they are used to using surnames instead of first names.

At first, European and American names were very meaningful, but now they are not well known. Firstly, they are very old. Secondly, they come from many languages. But in retrospect, it's quite interesting. Many English names come from ancient Greek, Hebrew, Latin and Teutonic. Alexander means the comfort of mankind, Diana means the moon god, Paul means the little guy, Elizabeth means the person dedicated to God, Helen means the light and charm, Mary means the star of the sea, Adam means the man on the red soil, David means the beloved, George means the farmer, Robert means the celebrity, Calvin means the bald man, Oliver means the olive, Susan means the lily, Margaret means the pearl and Anna means the lily.

Many fathers and sons, mothers and daughters have the same name, so they are distinguished by size. Johann strauss was also called Strauss when he gave birth to his son, so people called his father Strauss the Great and his son Strauss the Little. Strauss the Great is the founder of "Vienna Waltz", and Strauss the Little is the author of waltzes "Blue Danube" and "The Sound of Spring". Regardless of size, these two people are often confused. Marx's wife is called Yan Ni, his eldest daughter is also called Yan Ni, his daughter is called Little Yan Ni, and his mother is called Big Yan Ni. No matter how old your daughter is, you must call her Little Yan Ni. Father and son, mother and daughter sharing the same surname is nothing new in Europe and America, because naming is not as free as we are, and there is nothing we can do.