Winter Customs of Han Nationality in Late Qing Dynasty

On the first day of October, South China was called the October Dynasty. From 0755 to 79000, the Town God Conference in Hangzhou was a person who helped lonely souls. On this day, the court will issue a new time constitution book, which will be sold in bookstores of all sizes, and there will be negative boxes in the streets. Fu Dunchong: Let's say Hangzhou. The solstice in winter is a big festival in the south. It is said that the solstice in winter is as big as a year. Hangzhou, the night before, I swept it inside and out, that is, every other year, I didn't sweep the floor on the solstice in winter. In addition, the happy group put the blazing red in a bronze drum and put it in the room every other year, which is called shovel bronze drum. It eats rice cakes in the morning, serves food to its ancestors, and serves pickles in winter. It is a sacrifice for daily enjoyment, and Baotou fish must be used. In addition, there are rice cakes, oranges and Huangling meat. They are all paved with pottery baskets, and then fan-shaped flowers are inserted in them with red and green silk, which is called New Year's Eve or cornucopia. Take pawn as an example. Needless to say, the screeners at the end of the year are making money every day, but if there are people on Baotou fish head, then someone can leave the store on their own. Suzhou is the site of the largest winter solstice festival in China. First of all, relatives and friends feed each other, carry baskets and boxes, fill the road, and call it winter solstice food. On the night before the festival, people call it winter solstice night. That night, people swallow faster, which is called holiday wine. If a woman gets married and becomes the mother in the room, she will go to her husband. This is our home. Families, big or small, should first enjoy the food in the market and the remains of their ancestors. All essays are added to regular festivals, so there is a winter solstice proverb. Bihu Lake is made of sugar, meat, vegetables, fruits, bean paste and shredded radish. As a filling, this is the first product offered to the kitchen. Feeding it is called the winter solstice ball. And worship the wind of winter, pay tribute to the literati and their elders, and pay tribute to each other. Men and women must also wear fresher clothes to greet each other, which means worshipping winter. Pay a safe meal in the twelfth lunar month and eat Laba porridge. From June 65438 to early February in Hangzhou, safe meals were distributed at home from 0755 to 79000. This is the first day of the first lunar month. Every night, people hit each other with boards and shouted for weeks. Their original words were: it was a cold winter month, upstairs and downstairs, in front of the stove and behind it, chicken bell roasting cages were hung, and every household was on both sides of the street. The caller is a local security guard, everywhere. Take a little rice from every family every five days, which means collecting safe rice or giving money. This method originated from the fire ban order in the early Qing Dynasty, which was called the fire ban order. Hang Cheng suffered from many fires. It is dry and windy in winter, and it is easy to get angry, so there are cases every day. From this day on, every household will clean the house, which is called dust removal. Yanjing Chronicle also said: At the beginning of the full moon, we must choose a suitable day in the almanac to clean the house. Hangzhou customs calls it dust removal. Bamboo branches are big brooms, supported by poles, sweeping every corner and eaves; All the things, tables and chairs have been washed to prepare for the Chinese New Year. This is the only cleaning in a year. There are many houses by stages, most of which are before the 20th. This bamboo broom, that is, the paper used to thank the stove and light the fairy in the New Year, also makes a sound like firecrackers. On the eighth day of December, commonly known as Laba, residents use vegetables and fruits to cook porridge in rice, which is called Laba porridge; Or eat monks and nuns, which is called Buddha porridge. Hangzhou Laba porridge should make friends and family happy. On this day, women burn incense in eight temples, that is, get up early and burn incense in eight temples in the city in turn. Zhong Yulong: Say Hangzhou. On February 19, government offices will be closed. Speaking of Hangzhou: 65438+February 19, 20, 2 1 22 every year.

Sugar is so sacred, so are water, grass and beans. After the sacrifice, the idol was taken out and burned with thousands of ingots. When you meet God Eve in the new year, you can worship them again. There are many firecrackers in Japan, which are usually called off-year. South kitchen delivery, said Hangzhou: Hangzhou uses Fushan bamboo lamp 1, paste red paper, a pair of bamboo chopsticks as a sedan chair, paste red paper to cover the kitchen sedan chair. When the stove was delivered, three fruits and three dishes were sacrificed. The three fruits are Fuju, Huangling meat and water chestnut; These three ingredients are mushrooms, fungi and Melaleuca. Melaleuca must be folded into an ingot shape, and Huangling meat is also an ingot shape. Most of them always want to get rich. In addition, it is indispensable to make stove candy, which can be made into the shape of jiaozi or strip. It is one of the famous new year's goods, but it is not available at ordinary times. Another thing, Jiejie cake, is made of rice noodles in the shape of pagodas, with a plate of fried green beads and beans, and made into nine plates. There are three cups of tea and three cups of steamed bread. Some people don't want it-I don't need wine. It's about the common kitchen god inspecting the evil of a family, and now he is playing in heaven, so it's one of the ways to flatter the kitchen to let drunken people hide evil and promote good. When offering sacrifices, it will be distributed at dusk that afternoon. According to the custom of Hangzhou, you can get a beauty if you send a stove late and marry a wife. So when you send the stove, first put a thin wooden frame in the courtyard and use flammable materials. The stove horse and the flower ingot hanging beside it are placed on the sedan chair and sit in the well. Firecrackers will be set off twice when they are set off, so firecrackers can always be heard around dusk. Others don't use firecrackers, which means getting rich silently. A good lamp is half a barrel of oil, which is extremely burning, so it is called Yuanbao, and it is expected to make a profit next year. As New Year's Eve approaches, the dust will be removed. When Guangxu Yanjing was twenty years old, it was said that on the eve of the wedding, it was necessary to sweep the court and arrange worship. Go out after sitting, bow down to meet God, and give a title to soothe the nerves for three days. You don't dare to sweep, worrying about the feast of dust gods. After the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month, every household in the south should worship God, commonly known as New Year's greeting paper, or pray for a bodhisattva. It almost evolved from ancient La Worship. In Hangzhou, rich families use pickled pigs to reward the gods. Pickled and hung on windy days, and even cooked is recommended. Because of its shape, it is called Yuanbao meat. On both sides of the ingot meat, there are one or two cooked whole chickens, two fresh silver carp, and a kitchen knife next to them, which are called three beasts. With sixteen dishes: litchi, longan, walnut, red date, persimmon, red orange, water chestnut, yellow water chestnut meat, rice cake, zongzi, tofu, sheep blood, salt, rice, mushrooms and black fungus. When offering sacrifices to God, all the hanging lanterns and all the lights in the stands are lit with red candles. The same is true for the gods and ancestors in front of the church, but men worship and women don't expect it. After the sacrifice, two bowls of rice, round, were served to invite the ancestors to pass on their blessings. Others invited relatives and friends to hold a banquet, which was called Sanfu drinking. Many people set off double rings and firecrackers when offering sacrifices to the gods. Therefore, since the twentieth century, firecrackers have not been seen for several days, and they can be set off all night on auspicious days. When we meet in Hangzhou these days, we must ask if we want to invite them for the New Year, whether they are papers or not, and we must be sincere. Only in families who have lost their loved ones will this ceremony be held before the ceremony is cancelled. After the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month, relatives who went to the grave came to send cypress branches, decorated with a thousand-day red gold snuff coat, short poles, one tube as a pair, and the old people as a pair, that is, to stay at home, or to send homemade rice cakes, jiaozi.

Yellow paper is three inches long and red paper is more than one inch long, so it is called small hanging thousand, which is used by stores. Burning Tibetan incense all night, the so-called Tibetan incense collectors are all made in Tibet. Every year, they burn incense in Zhumen and government offices all night, smelling the fragrance in the corner of the eaves and between their teeth. Put a surface, and put a long percentage table in the atrium on the eve of the holiday. The percentage is the panorama of the sacred heaven. Before 100%, provide a layer of honey and a layer of apples, dried fruits, steamed stuffed buns, vegetarian dishes and rice cakes. This is called full supply. Signed by Cao Tong's Eight Immortals, Pomegranate and Yuanbao. The so-called flower is Buddha. When gathering spirits, it is incinerated and handed over to Yuanxiao, which is called the heaven and earth table. New year's dinner is also very special. Made of gold, silver and rice, inserted with pine and cypress branches, decorated with money, dates, longan and fragrant branches, broken before dismantling. Fu Dunchong: A Record of Yanjing's Years Old. On New Year's Eve in Hangzhou, images of ancestors will be displayed, which reads Hangzhou: There are many things to do in the New Year, New Year's Eve. Hang the portrait of ancestors first, or be the son of god, choose a room and hang it in order; There are many portraits, and the image of several generations has been reduced to one, which is called Dai Tu from top to bottom, also called three generations and five generations. There is also a picture of the ancestral temple, which is divided into one volume to test the gods of a temple; I also painted a series of pictures for the first time, with different styles, and died at night. Sacrifice is richer than usual, but more righteous. For example, the large intestine of pigs is often smooth and the fish circle is round. With a cook cook the meat, it is said that there is a dame; Spring cakes are wrapped in shredded pork, which is called gold wrapped in silver; Soybean sprouts are called ruyi dishes; Peanut is called longevity fruit; Huangling meat, lotus root, water chestnut and red dates are cooked together, which is called Fu You. The homonym of lotus root is leisurely. Huangling meat is slightly ingot-shaped, generally auspicious. After the sacrifice, the family reunites and drinks happily, which is called age division. There is also the custom of paying for mice. When you grow up, you should take some leftover food, put leftover candles and red flowers in a small bowl, and put them on the bedside or in a dark place in the room. It's called rat food. Pay the rats. It is said that this night is a night for mice to kiss, so that mice will not do anything harmful. In Hangzhou and other places, on New Year's Eve every other year, people will knock on the bronze drums to sweep the land of the following year. People often say that you can't go out with a broom during the New Year, so you must clean it during the New Year. Eve. Seal the well, buy Jing Quan Boy Shenma No.1, a plate of three fruits and three dishes, and a candlestick incense burner, and put them on a big plate for sacrifice to the ground. Another cup of pure tea was served, a small ingot was burned, and long red paper was attached to the mine field, which was called well sealing. And seal the door, stick to the door god. Zhong Yulong, at the age of Yanjing, said that the gate was sealed with two red-skinned sugarcane branches, each tied with red and green paper and inserted into a cypress branch. There is a guard horse, which is enshrined on Jingquan Road. After the ceremony, close the door, bolt the door, and paste two long red papers, each with good luck printed on it. With the rattan leaning against the door, the so-called rattan is almost ready. After the door was closed, it was not opened in front of Don.