Buyi information

Buyi is one of the ethnic minorities in China. 2,545,059 people, including more than 2 million in Guizhou Province, accounting for more than 95% of the Buyi population. They mainly live in two Buyi and Miao autonomous prefectures in southern Guizhou and southwestern Guizhou, and in counties (cities) such as Duyun, Dushan, Pingtang and Zhenning in Guizhou 10. The rest are scattered in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions).

Buyi area has beautiful mountains and rivers and colorful natural scenery. More than a dozen tourist attractions such as the famous Huangguoshu Waterfall, Guiyang Huaxi, Anshun "Dragon Palace" Cave and Panjiang Tiesuo Bridge welcome thousands of tourists every year. In addition to tourism resources, wildlife resources and mineral resources are also rich.

Buyi people mainly focus on agriculture and have a long history of planting rice. Hongshui River Basin is also one of the most important forest areas in China.

Buyi nationality is an indigenous people in the southeast of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, who worked and lived here as early as the Stone Age. Buyi people are related to Liao, Baiyue and Baipu in ancient times. In the Tang dynasty, it was called "Southwestern People"; Song and Yuan Dynasties were called "Fan Man" and "Zhong Jia Man Man"; They were called "Zhong Man people" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called Buyi people.

Buyi language belongs to Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and has no mother tongue. Buyi language came into being in 1950s, but it has not been widely popularized. Now there is more commonly used Chinese.

Since the Song Dynasty, the Buyi people have been fighting against the exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class. In modern history, they also fought against foreign churches, Japanese imperialism and Kuomintang reactionaries. They are a country with a glorious revolutionary tradition.

Shan bang Shi Shui board house

The distinctive feature of Buyi folk houses is that they live by mountains and rivers. Most of the residential buildings are dry-column buildings or semi-buildings (buildings in front of the first half and bungalows behind the second half). Buyi areas such as Zhenning and Anshun in Guizhou are rich in high-quality stone, and there are also large flat stone slabs that can be uncovered layer by layer and have a basically uniform thickness. This thin stone comes from water-bearing shale. According to local conditions, the local Buyi people used local materials to build slate houses with national characteristics. Stone slab houses are made of stone strips or stones, and the wall height can reach five or six meters; Covering the roof with slate, paving it in a neat diamond shape or paving it in a scale shape with materials, the stone house is not only impervious to wind and rain, but also simple and beautiful, with a light roof, easy to live and no sense of oppression. In a word, except sandalwood rafters are made of wood, the rest are made of stone, and even tables, stools, stoves, bowls, bowls, grinders, troughs, altars and basins used in daily life are made of stone. Everything is simple and honest. This kind of house is warm in winter and cool in summer, which is moisture-proof and fire-proof, but the lighting is poor.

In Chengguan Town, where the county seat of Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County is located, most houses are made of stone, and there are dozens of stone buildings with three or four floors. Because the stone is pale gray, it is more crystal clear and clean after processing, so when you look at Zhenning during the day, the silver light flashes; Looking at Zhenning on a moonlit night, the frost covers the snow. For this reason, it has the reputation of "Yinzhenning" and "Yinzhenning" in ancient times. The stone buildings in this town have a long history of more than 600 years, which is both solidified music and immortal epic.

Buyi people are very particular about building houses. First of all, please ask the teacher of Yin and Yang to take a look at the "Feng Shui" and choose a place near the mountains and rivers as the base address of the house, not only facing the Qingshan Mountain, but also facing the Qingfeng Mountain. It is best to rely on mountains such as "lying lion guarding", "green dragon enclosure" and "riding your seat"; When you go to the mountain, you should choose the forms of "Shuanglong grabbing treasure", "Shuanglong playing with pearls", "Wan Ma returning to the trough" and "Shouxing holding high photos". Fortunately, most Buyi areas are limestone mountains, which are not difficult to find. Choose an auspicious day when building a house. A month before an auspicious day, a carpenter was invited to make a framework for a house. The auspicious day for building a house is dedicated to Master Luban. When the house was put up, my father-in-law sent me a girder with big flowers of red silk tied on it, and a band and a lion dance team set off firecrackers. Song and dance ceremonies and banquets will also be held on the beam. Finally, take the ancestral tablet and the kitchen god (charcoal fire) to the new house. The whole process of building a new house is filled with the atmosphere of jubilation and mutual assistance in Buyi villages.

Batik technology is very famous.

The batik of Buyi nationality has a long reputation. As early as the Song Dynasty, batik cloth was recorded, which is a specialty of Huishui in Guizhou. The "blue and white cloth" mentioned in the history books of Qing Dynasty is batik cloth. Buyi girls began to learn batik from their mothers at the age of 12 or 13. First, the beeswax is heated and melted into wax juice, then dipped in the wax juice with a triangular copper wax knife, and various beautiful and vivid patterns are carefully drawn on the self-woven white cloth, and then dyed in indigo vats to be blue or light blue. Finally, the cloth is boiled to remove beeswax, fished out, washed repeatedly in the river and dried to form a unique batik handicraft.

Batik cloth is rich and concise in patterns, lively and bold in painting, and presents unique turtle patterns (also known as small ripples), which has artistic effects that cannot be replaced by machines.

Different regions have different styles of batik art: some like to use flowers, birds, insects and fish as batik patterns, which are bold in composition and vivid in image; Some are characterized by rigorous structure and delicate lines; Some of them are made of dragon claw flowers and tribulus terrestris flowers, with rough and bright colors ... Batik art not only beautifies people's lives, but also enriches the costumes of Chinese and foreign women.

In the past 20 years, some batik factories have been built in Guizhou, and special art designers have created and drawn new patterns. The images of various figures and animals are richer and the colors tend to be diversified.

Batik cloth is mostly used for women's headscarves, dresses, waists and quilts, door curtains and curtains. Some of them have a high level of craftsmanship, and their designs are very novel and exquisite. They are also used as art wall hangings to decorate living rooms and hotels. Buyi women also add embroidery to batik dresses, which is more charming.

Besides batik, traditional Buyi folk crafts include tie-dyeing, brocade, embroidery, wood carving, stone carving and bamboo weaving.

Buyi families live separately. However, despite the separation of brothers, when distributing property, parents should be left to support the old-age fields, and brothers should take turns farming. After the death of parents, the old-age field became a graveyard for tomb sweeping. So that future generations will always remember the trust and kindness of their elders.