Brief introduction of yuanping war

The Mo Bao-Genji War (1180-1185ce) was a conflict between two rival tribes: Genji and Pingji, who controlled the throne. The civil war was interrupted by typhoon, earthquake, famine and plague, but it finally ended in the decisive battle of Danula, and the defeated Pingjia leader Yusen and the heir to the throne Andrew both committed suicide. After the war, the Yuan Dynasty established the Kamakura shogunate, and the army will continue to rule Japan in the next few centuries.

background

Bacon No Soran was a civil war between two powerful family groups in Japan to control the dynasty, and each family claimed the legal right to inherit the throne. Since the 9th century, a process called "dynasty exile" has eliminated individuals from the dynasty lineage, because the royal family has become too big and the maintenance cost is too high. As the Emperor has as many as 50 children, even direct descendants are excluded from the royal lineage and given one of two surnames: Minamoto (also known as Minamoto-Shi or Genji) or Taira (also known as Hei-Shi or Heike). These two groups are very powerful militarily, and there is fierce competition between them. The nobles in the court depend on one of the families according to their specific loyalty.

Armed conflicts almost inevitably broke out between these competitors, especially in the Hogan turmoil in A.D. 1 156. Both sides claimed that they had given up the throne because of the death of the retired multi-feather emperor. The retired emperor Su De was supported by some factions of the powerful Fujiwara family headed by the source leaders Wei Yi and Lai Yong. At the same time, the Emperor of Masaaki Shirakawa at that time was supported by Hiraga and other Fujiwara members led by Takashi, the elder brother of Ryong. After Masaaki Shirakawa, with the help of military commander Ito Hirayuki, the rebellion was quelled and executed for good luck.

Ping Jia rebelled twice and won twice, but for Yuan, this will be the third lucky time.

In A.D. 1 160, clan hostility broke out again in the Pingsi turmoil. Yuan Yizhi was jealous of Ping Qingsheng's reward and prestige after the turmoil in the Yuan Dynasty in France, and seized the throne when his opponent went out to the DPRK in A.D. 1 159. Ito Hirayuki quickly restored order and Yoshimoto was killed. After two rebellions and two victories, they are now the most powerful family in Japan. However, for the source, this will be the third lucky time.

Heizhiqingsen cleaned up the situation twice and was appointed as Daijin, which won a bigger reward. )AD 1 167。 However, since then, Aomori began to lose important allies, especially his old supporter, the now retired Emperor Masaaki Shirakawa. After trying to promote Prince Ping, he plotted to assassinate Qing Sen in A.D. 1 177. There is trouble in court again. Qing Sen's attempt to move the imperial court from Kyoto to Kobe failed, and then in 1 180, he boldly put his two-year-old grandson Antoku on the throne of Kyoto. Ender is the son of Emperor Takakura and his wife is Aomori's daughter. Speaking of which, Yuan has had enough. The day before yesterday, with the support of Wang Zhiren, the son of Queen Shirakawa, the civil war broke out.

war

The war began with the challenge of soldiers and overthrew Tara's authority in many parts of the country. The Pingchao government responded by sending 70,000 troops to meet the rebels led by Yuan Laichao near Mount Fuji. Lai Chao has about 200,000 soldiers under him, because he can attract many rebels to join his cause. These rebels have long been dissatisfied with peace, especially the redistribution of land rights. Realizing that their numbers far exceeded their own, Pingjun withdrew to the capital, and this surrender further expanded the number of Lai Chao. Instead of pursuing the enemy, Yuan concentrated on temporarily consolidating their almost complete control over eastern Japan.

Tomoko Hirayama is the son of Aomori. He died of fever in 1 18 1. Like his father, he is a talented commander. He won early victories in the early Yuan-Ping War, especially in 1 180 with the army led by no Yorimasa in Nanben and in 1 18 1 with the army led by Ji Hui in Sunomata River. In another development, Pingjia burned down the big temples of Anzu Temple, Dongda Temple and Xiaofu Temple in A.D. 1 1 in retaliation for their support to the source. This is an extremely unpopular behavior of the imperial court, which aroused Fujiwara's dissatisfaction with Gongfu Temple. As a result, the civil war intensified, the confrontation between clan members and relatives, and even the competition for resources within each clan became more complicated.

The Yuan Ping War was a particularly bad moment for the Japanese people, because they had to endure several natural disasters and their consequences in five years. 1 180 A typhoon hit the island, followed by a plague and famine in the next two years, and then a devastating earthquake occurred in 1 184. In A.D. 12 12, Kamo no Chomei's story of my ten-foot square house described these events and the subsequent sufferings of the Japanese people. Of course, they seriously disrupted the course of the war and prohibited either side from ending the war quickly.

Lai Chao consolidated his position by returning the previously confiscated land to temples and nobles, and he was also very lenient to prisoners.

While the Lai Dynasty consolidated its control over kanto region, Ping * * * had to deal with another enemy. 1 183, the cousin of Lai Dynasty, Muzeng Jizhong, caused serious damage in Muzeng Ridge of Shinan, and defeated Pingjun of Li Liang in1/83, clearing the way for attacking Kyoto.

In A.D. 1 183, when Kyoto was finally occupied by Genji, Ping's friends, young Ande and most of his family fled Kyoto. This unit was led by Yoshinaka, who rashly declared himself a general or a general. Yoshinaka pursued Yusen, but lost in Shuidao Bay and returned to Kyoto. Lai Chao, keen to avoid becoming any competitive leader of the Yuan clan, tried to get rid of his unruly cousin by sending a small army to assassinate him. As a result, Yuji and Seta failed twice outside Kyoto, which doomed the fate of Kyrgyzstan. He committed suicide. Lai Chao also consolidated his position by returning the previously confiscated land to temples and nobles, and treated prisoners leniently, which won the recognition of his authority in the East after Shirakawa.

The Japanese fleet sailed in the defeat of Kyoto, but they regrouped in Kyushu and now control the inland sea from their naval base in Hachijima. However, in AD 1 184, Lai Chao's younger brother Yijing launched a land attack and was defeated in a valley.

In AD 1 185, Lai Chao sent his other brother, Dian Lai, to lead the second army to the coast, and Yijing attacked the base area of Oujima. Chased by Yijing again, Pingjia was caught up, and Yusen was defeated in a short naval battle in Shimonoseki Strait at the tip of Honshu Island. Yousheng committed suicide in a typical samurai way and threw himself into the sea. Qingsen's widow also held Ender, who was six or seven years old, in her arms. Pingjia can never regain its former position.

result

After the victory, Lai Chao set up an army in his personal Kamakura base and declared himself a general. This is an ancient title, which was previously awarded to commanders only by emperors in specific battles. This is the beginning of the Kamakura shogunate (A.D. 1 192- 1333). In the next seven centuries, Japan will endure the rule of the army. With the tragic ending of the young future emperor Hiraji, the battle of Danula has become a hot topic in Japanese literature and drama.