Which play does Matchmaker come from?

The full name of The West Chamber is Cui Yingying's The West Chamber. Its lyrics are gorgeous and beautiful, full of poetic artistic conception, and it can be said that every song is a wonderful lyric poem. It is a realistic masterpiece of China's classical drama, which has a great influence on later novels and dramas with the theme of love.

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Introduction of works

Story origin

abstract

The development of history

Ideological content

Version history

Achievements, innovations, major achievements

Innovation and innovation

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Brief introduction of classic sentence works

Story origin

abstract

The development of history

Ideological content

Version history

Achievements, innovations, major achievements

Innovation and innovation

Correlation evaluation

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The full name of The West Chamber is Cui Yingying's The West Chamber. ***5 copies of 2 1 discount. Written by Wang Shifu in Yuan Dynasty.

Famous playwright, born in Dingxing County, Baoding. He wrote 14 plays in his life, and The Story of the West Chamber, written in Yuan Zhen and Dade years, is his masterpiece. As soon as the play came to power, it stunned four seats and won the love of young men and women. It is known as "The West Chamber is the best in the world". In history, the good wish of "All lovers shall be well, jack shall have Jill" has become the theme of many literary works, and The West Chamber is the most successful drama depicting this theme. Catalogue of the West Chamber: the first Junrui Dojo Zaju, the second night listening to Qin Zaju, the third Junrui Acacia Zaju, the fourth Caoqiaodian Zaju and the fifth Junrui Reunion Zaju.

Edit the origin of this story

The northeast corner of Qinyuan (1) scenic spot used to be Princess Qinshui's cigarette powder workshop. There is a bamboo forest in front of the door, and the locals call it Zhumalin. It is said that in the late Tang Dynasty, a great poet Yuan Zhen was born in Zhaohou Village, Qinghua Town, Hanoi County. The neighboring village of Zhaohou Village is Cuizhuang Village, where there is a daughter Cui Xiaoying. They played together since childhood, and they were childhood friends. Yuan Zhen's father died when he was eight years old, and Xiao Ying's family regarded him as a relative. When Xiaoying was ten years old, his father went to work in a cigarette powder workshop and moved his family. So I went with Xiaoying's father. They often play in bamboo forests, play house and worship heaven and earth. They are called my fair lady, and have met many literati passers-by in Qinyuan, such as famous writers Ling Huchu, Han Yu, Bai Juyi and Jiang Li. Influenced by it, he studied poetry. At the age of 15, he was awarded the Second Classics of Ming Dynasty. Xiaoying also looks like a hibiscus flower, beautiful and outstanding, and their private lives are disorderly. In the spring of the seventeenth year of Yuan Zhen, Yuan Zhen went to take an examination of politics, which won the appreciation of the then Shaobao Prince Wei and married Wei Cong, the daughter of Wei. I haven't seen Xiaoying since then. After his wife died young, she went home many times to look for it, but there was no news. Xiaoying's intelligence, beauty, pure and simple voice and smile have entangled the dream of his life, so he wrote "Collection of Huizhen" to express his true feelings, in which he turned himself into Zhang Sheng and Xiaoying into Yingying. "Once the sea was difficult for water, it was amber forever", which was Yuan Zhen's sublimation of his feelings for Xiaoying to the highest point. The true story spread to the Yuan Dynasty and was adapted into The West Chamber by Wang Shifu, a famous playwright. The love between Zhang Sheng and Ying Ying has been sung ever since. In order to commemorate the love story between Yuan Zhen and Xiao Ying, the local people called this bamboo forest, which means childhood friends, and also reserved the prototype of the story for The West Chamber. Note: (1) Qinyuan: the garden built by Liu Zhuang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, for his fifth daughter, Liu Zhi, is now Taihang Zhu Bo Garden in Aibo County, Henan Province.

Edit the outline of this story

After Cui's death, his wife Zheng He's youngest daughter transported her husband's coffin back to Anping, Hebei Province for burial. However, for some reason, this road was blocked, and he lived in Pujiu Temple in He Zhong. This Cui Yingying is nineteen years old and is knitting a needle. She can do anything with poems and books. When her father was alive, she was betrothed to Zheng's nephew, Drama and Shadow in The West Chamber.

Zheng Heng, the eldest son of Shangshu. The young lady and the matchmaker went to play outside the temple and happened to meet Zhang Sheng, a scholar. Zhang was born in Xiluo, the son of Shangshu. His parents died and his family was poor. He went to Beijing alone to catch the exam, and when he passed by, he suddenly remembered that Du was really in his friend Pu Guan, and he stayed. Listen to the second brother of the champion shop, there is a Purdue Temple, which is the fragrant courtyard after the emperor. The scenery is so beautiful that people who have been there all admire it. Zhang Sheng, who was enjoying the beautiful scenery of Pujiu Temple, unexpectedly met Cui Yingying, who was handsome in appearance, and praised: "I didn't know the true face of the king for ten years before I believed Chanjuan." In order to see more, he stayed with the abbot of the temple for one night, and he moved into the west wing. One day, Mrs Cui made a Dojo for her late husband. Mrs Cui is very strict with her family, and there are no men in and out of the Dojo. Zhang Sheng crustily skin of head slipped in. At this time, the fast sacrifice Dojo is complete, and the wife and young lady will make incense to repay their father's kindness. Zhang Sheng thought, "Miss is a woman who still has the heart to repay her parents." Xiao Sheng Lake has been drifting for several years. Since his parents died, he has never seen paper money again. Zhang Sheng heard from the monk that Miss Yingying went to the garden to burn incense every night. "。 In the dead of night, the moon is clear and the monks are asleep. Zhang Sheng came to the back garden and watched the young lady burn incense. Then he recited a poem: "The moonlight melts into the night, and the shadows in spring are silent; How to face the hustle and bustle and not see the people in the moon? "Yingying immediately sang a song:" Gui Lan has been lonely for a long time and has nothing to do with her spring; Those who are expected to sing deserve sympathy. "Zhang studied hard every night, which made Miss Cui Yingying very moved. She was born with admiration for Zhang. Sun Feihu, a rebel, heard that Cui Yingying had the ability of "being really beautiful, but his handwriting was too real". He led 5,000 troops to surround Pujiu Temple, giving the old lady three days to hand over Yingying as his "Zhazhai Lady". Everyone is helpless. This Cui Yingying is a strong-willed woman. She would rather die than be taken away by thieves. In a crisis, the lady announced: "Whoever can kill the thief army and sweep away the evil spirit must be betrothed to him." It is said that Du Que, at the turn of the eight sides, was a famous soldier of Dongwu, and was named as the governor of Xiliang, commanding 100,000 troops and guarding Pu Guan. Zhang Shengxian steadied Sun Feihu with delaying tactics, and then wrote a letter to Du Que, asking him to send troops to beat back Sun Feihu. Monk Huiming sent a letter down the mountain. Three days later, Du Zhen's reinforcements arrived and beat back Sun Feihu. On the grounds that Yingying has been betrothed, Mrs. Cui asked to be sworn brothers and sisters, and gave Yingying and another wife a generous gift of gold and silk, which made them both very miserable. The maid matchmaker saw this and arranged for them to meet. In the evening, Zhang Sheng played the piano and told Yingying about her lovesickness. Yingying also poured out her love for Zhang Sheng. I haven't seen Yingying for many days after listening to the piano that day. Zhang sheng is lovesick. Take advantage of the matchmaker's visit and ask her to send a message to Yingying. Yingying wrote back and asked Zhang Sheng to meet under the moon. In the evening, Miss Yingying plays the piano in the back garden. Zhang Sheng heard the piano and climbed up the wall to see Yingying playing the piano. Yingying is in a hurry. Go over the wall and get in. When Yingying saw him climb over the wall and enter, she blamed him for his indecent behavior and vowed never to see him again, which made Zhang Sheng's illness worse. Yingying went to see Zhang Sheng in his room on the pretext of visiting the sick. The old lady saw Yingying in a trance these days, unable to speak clearly and acting strangely, and suspected that he and Zhang Sheng had deviant behavior. So I called the matchmaker and forced her to ask. The matchmaker had no choice but to tell the truth. The matchmaker pleaded for Miss Zhang and the old lady, saying that it was not Miss Zhang's fault, but the old lady's fault. The old lady should not go back on her word, and let her be commensurate with Miss Zhang's brother and sister. The old woman was helpless and told Zhang Sheng that if she wanted to marry Miss Yingying, she had to go to Beijing to take the exam and gain fame. Miss Yingying gave a banquet to see Zhang Sheng off at Shili Pavilion. She repeatedly urged Zhang Sheng not to "stop his wife from remarrying" and not to "have no news of fish and geese all spring". After bidding farewell to Changting, Zhang Sheng went to Caoqiao Store and met Yingying in his dream. When he woke up, he was very disappointed. Zhang Sheng won the first prize in the exam and wrote to Yingying to report the good news. At this time, Zheng Heng once again came to Pujiu Temple and fabricated a lie that Zhang Sheng had been recruited by Wei Shangshu as the son-in-law of Dong Chuang. So Cui Furen promised Miss Zheng Heng again and decided to get married another day. When it happened in wedding date, Zhang Sheng returned as the Prefecture Governor of Hezhou, and Marshal Du Que of the Western Expedition also came to congratulate him. After the truth came out, Zheng Heng was ashamed and swallowed it, and Zhang Sheng and Ying Ying finally got married.

Edit the historical evolution of this paragraph.

After the Tang Dynasty, the ending of this love story made many people feel sorry and dissatisfied, accusing Zhang Sheng of being a "fickle fly". So the ending of this love story has changed in the process of circulation. After the Song Dynasty, due to the constant invasion of nomadic people in the north and the assimilation of Han people, the concept of feudal etiquette gradually faded among ordinary people. In the Jin Dynasty, Liang Dong's palace poem "The West Chamber" appeared. Gongci was a rap art at that time, similar to modern pingtan, accompanied by pipa and Zheng, and said while singing. This "Romance of the West Chamber" has greatly increased the content and added many characters and scenes. In the end, Zhang Sheng and Yingying ignored the old lady's orders and both went to General White Horse and got married in their own hands. In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Shifu basically adapted The Romance of the West Chamber into a multi-person drama script based on the tunes of various palaces, which made the story more compact, integrated classical poetry and greatly improved the literariness, but changed the ending to a compromise of an old lady, promised to get married and had a happy ending. The author of this play has different views. Some people say it was written by Guan Hanqing, while others say it was written by Wang Xu or Wang Zuo, but Wang Shifu's opinion is generally accepted. In Qing Dynasty, Jin Shengtan rated Wang Shifu's The Romance of the West Chamber as the sixth gifted scholar's book, and China's riddles were often based on the sentences in Wang's The Romance of the West Chamber, so the riddles were called six talents. Wang Jisi, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, has a deep research on The West Chamber.

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Compared with The West Chamber, The West Chamber is more profound in thought. It actively put forward the idea that "all beings in the world should get married", which has a more distinct theme of anti-feudal ethics and anti-feudal marriage system. First of all, The Romance of the West Chamber praises the marriage based on love and denies the traditional marriage mode in feudal society. As a Miss Guo Xiang, Yingying falls in love with a scholar who has lost both books and swords, which, to a great extent, violates the standard of choosing a spouse based on family status, property and power. Yingying and Zhang Sheng always pursue sincere feelings. At first, they fell in love with each other's talents and looks. After a series of events, such as chorus singing, temple fair police, listening to the piano, refusing to get married and forcing them to try, their emotional content became richer. What dominates here is a sincere spiritual feeling. Secondly, Yingying and Zhang Sheng have actually put their love above fame and fortune. Zhang Sheng "stayed in Pudong" for Yingying, instead of rushing to the exam; For love, he almost lost his life several times until he was forced to take an exam in Beijing. After winning, he is still "dreaming of leaving Pudong Road". When Yingying saw Zhang Sheng off at the pavilion, she told him that "if you are an official in this field, you will come back when you are sick". She doesn't value fame, and thinks that "a lotus flower is better than a champion". Even when the news of Zhang Sheng's high school came, she didn't feel happy, but aggravated her symptoms. Although The Romance of the West Chamber also ended in success and all's well that ends well, the whole play runs through the idea of valuing affection over fame, which shows the progress of Wang Shifu's thought. (Encyclopedia of China, China Literature Volume, Encyclopedia of China Publishing House 1986 Edition)

Edit the version history of this paragraph

Eleven years of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498), thirty-one years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (16 10), Qifengguan (with comments from Li Zhi and Wang Shizhen), forty-two years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (16 14), Xiangxueju. Shen Jing's comments), Xiao Tenghong's Engraving in the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty (Chen Jiru's comments), Ling's Overprinting in Wucheng from Tomorrow (proofreading by Ling Mengchu), Ling's Guichi Liu Edition in the Five Years of the Republic of China (19 16), Ming Chongzhen 13th year (65438), Dong Jieyuan. However, there are obviously many versions of Dong Jieyuan in The West Chamber, which can be said to be in the same strain.

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Major achievements

The most outstanding achievement of The West Chamber is to fundamentally change the theme and tragic ending of Yingying Biography, and to mold the hero and heroine into a pair of young people who are steadfast in love, dare to break through the shackles of feudal ethics, and finally get a happy ending through unremitting efforts. This change makes the anti-feudal tendency of the script more distinct, and highlights the theme of "May all lovers get married". In terms of art, the script has completed the shaping of artistic images such as Yingying, Zhang Xun and Matchmaker through complex dramatic conflicts, which makes the characters' personality characteristics vivid and vivid, and strengthens the drama of the works.

Innovation and innovation

1, Yuan Zaju usually has a 40% discount for one book to show the complete story, while five books of The West Chamber have a 20% discount; 2. The Romance of the West Chamber broke through the common practice of one-person home theater in Yuan Dynasty. For example, after Zhang Sheng sang a lot of words, the song "Flowers on the brocade" was sung by Yingying and the song "Song" was sung by the matchmaker. The theme of the story has changed. Emphasize the autonomy of "love" and put forward that "it is good to have lovers in the world."

Edit the relevant evaluation of this paragraph.

The lyrics of The West Chamber are gorgeous and beautiful, full of poetic artistic conception. It can be said that every song is a wonderful lyric poem. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Cao Xueqin praised it through the mouth of Lin Daiyu, saying that "words warn people and smell fragrant all over the world". The Romance of the West Chamber is a realistic masterpiece of China's classical drama, which has a great influence on later novels and dramas with the theme of love. The Peony Pavilion and A Dream of Red Mansions both absorbed the anti-feudal democratic spirit from it to varying degrees. The West Chamber is a famous classical drama of China. It tells the love story of scholar Zhang Junrui and Miss Guo Xiang Cui Yingying who fell in love at first sight. With the help of the matchmaker, they combined privately, fought for the autonomy of marriage, dared to break through the shackles of feudal ethics, expressed their dissatisfaction and resistance to the feudal marriage system, and yearned for and pursued the ideal of beautiful love. For hundreds of years, it has deeply inspired the hearts of countless young men and women. Even today, the theme and artistic image in the works can still help us to deepen our understanding of the evil nature of feudal ethics. When it comes to The West Chamber, people usually think of The West Chamber written by Wang Shifu in Yuan Dynasty. As everyone knows, before Wang Shifu, Dong Jieyuan of Jin Dynasty also wrote The West Chamber, which are generally called "Wang Xixiang" and "Dong Xixiang". If we want to talk about Wang Xixiang's achievements, we can't help but mention Dong Xixiang. Cui Zhang's story has a long history, which was first seen in the legendary novel Yingying Biography (also known as Hui Zhenji) by Yuan Zhen, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Yingying Biography is about Yuan Zhen's love life before marriage. As a result, Zhang Sheng abandoned Yingying, which was a tragic ending. This novel is only a few thousand words, but the plot is tortuous, the narrative is euphemistic and the words are gorgeous. It is one of the representative novels of the Tang Dynasty. It wrote about the yearning and pursuit of girls' love in feudal times, and also reflected the life tragedy that the ideal of love was ruthlessly destroyed by society, and publicized the feudal dross that men were superior to women. Since then, this story has been widely circulated, resulting in many poems praising it. In the Song Dynasty, some literati directly re-created the Biography of Yingying, and now we can see the banter and trampling drums of Qin Guan and Mao Gu, as well as Zhao Lingqi's Hua Lian on the Ferret. These poems sympathize with Yingying's fate and criticize Zhang Sheng's fickle behavior, but there is no new development in the story. When the story of Yingying Biography spread for about 400 years, Dong Jieyuan's The West Chamber in Jin Dynasty came out, which was called Dong Xixiang in history. Dong Jieyuan, a writer of various palace tunes in the Jin Dynasty, is unknown. "Affinity" was a respectful title for literati in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. He was wild and uninhibited, despised ethics, had profound cultural accomplishment, was very familiar with the folk literature forms at that time, such as Zhu Gong tune, and liked to write poems and compose music. His masterpiece The West Chamber is the only complete work in Gongdiao. Dong Xixiang is a third-person narrative rap literature based on Yingying Biography. Whether it is ideological or artistic, it far exceeds the predecessors. It fundamentally transformed the stories and characters in Yingying Biography, and the nature of contradictions and conflicts evolved into the struggle between young men and women fighting for love and free marriage and feudal parents. Zhang Sheng became an affectionate wit, but Ying Ying was rebellious. The story ends with Yingying eloping with Zhang Sheng, which gives this old story a new look. With the increase of the plot, Dong Xixiang's characters' feelings are more complicated and delicate, and their personalities are fuller. In the use of words, the author writes both landscapes and feelings, and is good at writing songs in spoken language, which makes the works more vivid and full of life, greatly improving the artistry and laying a solid foundation for the appearance of Wang Xixiang. However, Dong Xixiang is still too rough in art, and its description of love is not pure enough to meet people's aesthetic requirements. In the Yuan Dynasty, with the prosperity of urban economy, drama was more developed. At this time, Wang Shifu, a great dramatist, changed Cui Zhang's story into a zaju on the basis of East-West Chamber, which is what we generally see today. "Wang Xixiang" directly inherited "Dong Xixiang" and made great contributions on this basis. In shaping the image of the hero, Wang Shifu not only wrote about Zhang Sheng's infatuation and demeanor, but also wrote about Zhang Sheng's talent and weakness, which made him a representative of affectionate and weak gifted scholars in feudal society. The clever, clever, enthusiastic and upright maid matchmaker in the play left a deep impression on people, and appeared again and again in later plays, and achieved a far more important position than Yingying. At the same time, The Romance of the West Chamber successfully depicts the love psychology for the first time in the history of China's drama, and it is a work that directly describes the love psychology in the history of drama. Its design of contradictions and conflicts is also enough to demonstrate future generations. The whole play takes the contradiction between Yingying, Zhang Sheng, the matchmaker and the old lady as the basic contradiction, which shows the contradiction between Cui Zhang and his parents. Take the contradiction between Yingying, Zhang Sheng and the matchmaker as the secondary contradiction, and promote the plot and portray the characters with personality conflict. This kind of conflict organization is very valuable in China's ancient operas. The plots of Wang Xixiang and Dong Xixiang are almost the same, but the theme is more concentrated, and the anti-feudal ideological tendency is more distinct. Wen Qu has been rewritten, with more objects added and some unreasonable plots eliminated, and the artistic level has also been greatly improved. As a typical work in China's classical drama, it is grand in scale, rigorous in structure, tortuous in plot, full of embellishment and interesting, with vivid and delicate characters. Not only is it unprecedented, but it also surpasses other playwrights in the Yuan Dynasty. Because of this, Jia in Yuan Dynasty said: "New zaju, old legend, The West Chamber, the best in the world."

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Out of the water, I am worried about a thousand kinds, and I have no words to complain about the east wind. Snow waves beat the sky and autumn clouds rolled in the sky. The east wind shakes the weeping willow line, the gossamer pulls the peach blossom slices, and the bead curtain sets off the lotus face. Shy and charming, gentle and fragrant. (Empty left) The moss is cold, and the flowers are bright and the moon is shining. [Clumsy] A short lamp (facing the lamp) and a cold, old curtain (leaning against the fan). Lights are (again) unknown, and dreams are (again) impossible; The wind (outside the window) is sparse and the paper (squeaks) is ringing; Lonely on the pillow, silent on the bed. Iron man (you are) is also emotional. I can't complain, I can't hate, I can't sit still, I can't sleep. (One day) willow covers flowers, fog covers clouds, the night is quiet, vows of eternal love, (mourning period) romantic celebration, brocade (as well) future, happiness and kindness, (the two of us) painting hall is born in spring. Intentional struggle seems unintentional, affectionate but ruthless. A good sentence has pity for jathyapple, but a fallen petal has nothing to complain about the east wind. [Lv Xian Klang Ganzhou] Tired tired, that was a long time ago, and it is also worth the last spring. How many degrees does dusk fade easily? The wind blows away the smoke, and the rain hits the pear and closes the door. Silent and dry, my eyes are broken. [Hunjianglong] Falling red in a formation, the wind is floating at ten thousand points. The pond dreams of dawn and the threshold leaves spring. Butterfly powder is lightly stained with flying snow, and the smell of Yan mud makes the dust fall. In spring, the mood is short and the willows are long, and the distance between people is far away. The Six Dynasties Gold Powder (Fragrance Disappeared) Three Chu Spirit (Decreased). The moon must not be lost, and the flowers are not pitiful. Luo Yi couldn't stand the cold of five people, and he was sad and lonely. The blue sky in Wan Li is cloudless, the flowers and shadows of the tired guests are fragrant and thin, and the courtyard is deep and light. [Holy Medicine King] (You have a heart, he has a heart, (yesterday) the swing yard was late at night; Flowers are cloudy, the moon is cloudy, and the moment of spring night is worth thousands of dollars. (Why? Why do you want to sing poetry to your family? Feeling sleepy and exhausted, I slept on one side and my dream flew into Chu's balcony. The willow branches were hung at dawn, but it was already after dusk. Sorrow and joy gather in a glass of wine, north and south Wan Li, east and west Wan Li. [Gong Zhenghao] Blue sky, yellow land, tight west wind, flying north and south. Who is drunk in Xiao Lai's frost forest? Always in tears. [Playing with children] Tears are dripping on the sleeves, which are wetter than Sima Qing's shirt. Shrike flew east to Yan Xi and asked about the return date before boarding the plane. Although the eyes are thousands of miles away, a glass of wine is not dead. If you don't drink, you will get drunk first, your eyes will bleed and you will be disheartened. [Wild Goose Falls] (Green Yi Yi) The wall is high with willows, (Quiet) the door curtain covers the autumn night, (Sparse thorns) the leaves fall from the top of the forest, and (Faint and sad) the clouds are separated by the window and the moon. Taihang Mountain is faint (like old sorrow), and the natural barrier is long (like new sorrow). [Hanging gold rope] The skirt is dyed with pomegranate flowers, and the rouge is wrinkled when sleeping; Lilacs, covered with hibiscus buttons; Thread shedding, tears wet sleeves; Willow has an eyebrow, but people are thinner than yellow flowers. May all sentient beings in the world become sympathetic.