What are the folk beliefs of Yongding Hakka?

Yongding county is located in the mountainous area at the junction of Fujian and Guangdong. In the old society, the traffic was inconvenient and the production and living conditions were poor. In this case, the Hakkas in Yongding often pin their hopes on a supernatural god and pray for protection in times of difficulty, so religious beliefs among Yongding people prevail.

Yongding Hakka people have always been tolerant of various cultures, and their religious and folk activities are characterized by diversity, which has a prominent position in Hakka areas.

It is quite common for Hakka people in Yongding to believe in Mazu. By the end of Qing Dynasty, there were more than 40 Tian Fei palaces in Yongding. As long as there is Mazu Tempel in rural areas, the first and fifteenth days of the lunar calendar are always full of incense. The most typical example is the top movie worship of Mazu God by the owner of Tiaosi Smoke Factory.

Before the tobacco is shipped by water, they must first worship Mazu and pray for Mazu to bless the smooth sailing. When sailing, first burn incense and pray, and then set off firecrackers to inform Mazu to wish you peace. When he came back smoothly, the boss offered a sacrifice to Mazu Tempel to express his thanks, commonly known as thanking God.

Most temples in Yongding County worship Guanyin Buddha, and most earth buildings have Kannonji alone. The 20th day of the first month, 20th day of May and 20th day of August are commonly known as Longhua Festival.

Many good men and women will bring incense, paper, candles, cannons, rice and peanut oil to the temple for sacrifice, and every security hall is crowded with people. There is a saying: "You can go to Longhua Club three times a year, and life will be different."

The Jade Emperor, Yongding Hakka is called God or God, and its full name is Jade Emperor. On holidays, weddings, funerals and weddings, people have to offer sacrifices to the gods at the door of the residence or in the yard. The ninth day of the first month of every year is the birthday of the Jade Emperor. In some places in Yongding County, every household sets tables and sacrifices at home or in the yard, facing the east and praying for the blessing of the Jade Emperor.

Yongding County, like other Hakka places in Tingzhou, began to offer sacrifices to the ancient Buddha of Dingguang in the late Southern Song Dynasty. The ancient Buddha in Dingguang has vast magical powers and boundless magic power, and the villagers in Jinsha pay homage to it. Chengguan and Jinsha have temples dedicated to the ancient Buddha of Dingguang.

During Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, a Hakka surnamed Zhang in Jinsha Township moved to Changhua County, Taiwan, and brought the ancient Buddha of Dingguang to Bagua Mountain Buddhist Temple in Changhua. Dingguang Buddha in Taiwan Province Province was first spread from Jingu Temple in Jinsha Township, Yongding County.

Every year, Jingu Temple in Jinsha holds various sacrificial activities, such as the birthday of Dingguang Buddha, the Buddha's birthday on the eighth day of April, the birth of Guanyin, and the dharma meeting of enlightenment and nirvana. In the past, the ancient Buddha in Dingguang offered sacrifices on the first, second and third days of October every year, and later on the 17th, 18th and 19th of the first month of each year. Many good men and women gathered in Jingu Temple to burn incense, recite scriptures and worship the Buddha.

And from 18 16, a grand "Golden Lantern Victory" will be held every year on the first day of 10. In addition to burning incense in Dingguang to worship the ancient Buddha, there will be a grand "holding Buddha's son" activity.

This morning 10, on the Daping of Jingu Temple, the monk was holding a bamboo pole, and dozens of small cards were hung on the top of the bamboo pole. The infertile man who had been married for a long time hooked the small cards with a long hook, and the wooden cards fell to the ground, which was robbed by the believers. Whoever grabs Cam, his relatives will beat gongs and drums to welcome Cam home. Legend has it that whoever gets this little sign will be happy to have children.

Many temples in Yongding County have statues of the Five Emperors, which are called Five Emperors. He is a symbol of peace, good luck, prosperity and wealth. Legend has it that the Five Sign Emperor had five brothers, who were in charge of literature, wealth, longevity, medicine and grain respectively. In particular, there are many pilgrims from the civil servants, mainly seeking high school in the first month of each year, and coming to thank them when they are in high school in July.

On the eleventh day of the first month, King Tiger was greeted at the altar. On the twelfth day of the first month, the five gods, clairvoyance, clairvoyance, and four sedan chair gods of Tiger King * * * formed a huge team to meet the gods. There are bands, flags, motorcades, dragons, lions, floats, gongs and drums, eight immortals, drums ringing all over the sky, and firecrackers going up to the arch. The temple fair will last until the fifteenth night, when the gods are sent back to the temple.

September 28th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of the Five Emperors. We should confess in the temple and do a magic play. A few days before and after Emperor Wuxian's birthday, the temple in Wuxian was very lively, and good men and women would come to worship. The offerings include whole pigs and whole sheep. Welcome five games, but also welcome lanterns and perform puppet shows.

Every village in Yongding County is dedicated to all kinds of kings. In traditional festivals, even on the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, there is a custom of worshipping the king by good men and good women.

As early as when Zhu and Zhou were born, Zhang Yao Village in suburban township set up Wang Gong Pavilion at the junction of Zhu and Zhou's residential area to ensure the safety of these two surnames. On holidays, good men and women go to worship early and pray for the safety and prosperity of the residents with two surnames. Especially on New Year's Eve, some villagers will take pigs to the Gongwang Pavilion to "pinch pigs", thank God for returning their blessings and place their hopes on the spirits.

When something happened at home, I went to worship the king and pray for blessing. October 13th of the lunar calendar is a festival for people in Hongshan Township to carry the king. From1October 12, they began to carry the king out of the palace for a parade.

In Daoren Village, Lei Hu Town, on the morning of the second day of the first month of each year, every household sends people to worship and burn incense in front of the public king, thanking him for ensuring a bumper harvest, peace and prosperity in the year, and praying for good luck in the coming year.

Lezhen Temple is located in Lezhen Mountain, Taiping Village, Xiayang Town, Yongding County. According to legend, Lin Yin's grandfathers Pan Yuande, Pan Yuanming and Pan Yuanguang became monks in their early years and converted to Buddhism.

After visiting Lezhenshan Temple, they worshipped the monk as a teacher, devoted themselves to charity, and finally achieved positive results. They died here one after another, and were called the Three Saints of Lin Yin by the local people, also known as the ancestors of Lin Yin. The statues of their ancestors were enshrined in temples.

1608, Zeng Dingzhen, the tenth ancestor of the Zeng family in Taiping Village, and his uncle Zeng Mingyuan, disciples Zeng Fusong and Zeng Peizhen donated money to build Lezhen Temple in the former site of Lezhenshan Temple, and the main hall dedicated statues such as Master Lin Yin.

/kloc-in 0/804, Sun San, the 14th generation of Zeng family in Taiping Village, brought the statue of the founder to Taiwan Province Province, and settled in Fenghuangshan Temple in Lugu Township, then moved to Zhongliao Village and settled in Chang'an Temple where incense was flourishing.

In Fujia Village, Xixi Township, June 24th is the birthday of "Five Thunder Emperors" every year. Every household prepares sacrifices, fruits, tea and incense to worship the Five Thunder Emperors, in order to bless the good weather, people's health and all the best.

The Yellow Emperor is the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and believers call him Huang Husband. Yandi, also known as Shennong, is proficient in herbs and teaches people rice, which will bring people a bumper harvest and family health. Shangyang village in Gaobei town sacrifices auspicious days every year, such as the first day of the first month, the fifteenth day of the first month, and the birthday of the Jade Emperor. Balinese villagers from four townships came to worship and held temple fairs to commemorate their husbands and fathers.

At that time, gongs and drums are loud, colorful flags are fluttering, and firecrackers are ringing. Believers will first carry Grandfather Huang, Yan Di, Dragon King Yu and Emperor Guan Gong around the rice fields, then carry them to the prescribed altar and arrange them neatly, and then each household will offer cakes, hairpin or sacrificial ceremonies to worship and burn incense.

At the beginning of the first month of each year, it is the festival of "welcoming the king" in Yaoshang Village, Shixian Township, commonly known as "King's Day". From the 25th day of the first lunar month, the "furnace repair" began, and sandalwood was put on full-time by a special person until the second day of the first lunar month.

The "sacrifice" for the duke and the king needs color, fragrance, taste and shape. You are not allowed to taste or use old chickens. It is said that "fine people are not allowed to eat, adults are not allowed to taste, and the second day of the first month is reserved to welcome the king." Those who pick up and drop off the "golden stove" must take a shower first, change their clothes, shoes and hats, and draw lots to select those who pick up and drop off the "golden stove" for the first time, the second time, the third time, the fourth time and the first, second, third and fourth time.

When the ancestral temple worships, the lay man stands on both sides of the altar, and the full-time mage recites the scriptures. Please invite "Lord Huang Cheng" and all the "deities", "kings" and "uncles of the land" in southwest China to attend the banquet and pray for God's protection.

At night, incense ashes burned in the golden furnace will be sent to Zhongdu Bridge and poured into Yongding River to show that the river will send all the "bad style", "filth" and "bad luck" of the past year into the sea to welcome the auspicious New Year. On this day, every household is crowded with guests.

The democratic prince is the god of Fordham, and his prototype cannot be tested. However, like other Hakka areas, he is a village protector who is widely believed in Yongding County, thinking that he can solve problems for the whole village. Therefore, the villages built temples in the town, commonly known as Shuikou Gongwang.

Mazu statue