What are the traditional festivals of Yi people?

The festivals of the Yi people mainly include Torch Festival, Yi Year, Master Meeting, Secret Festival, Song and Dance Festival and so on. Torch Festival is the most common and grand traditional festival in Yi area, usually on June 24th or 25th in the summer calendar. On the Torch Festival, the Yi people, men, women and children, should wear festive costumes, play with livestock, offer spiritual cards, dance, sing, race horses and wrestle. In the evening, we walked around the house and fields with torches, and then got together to light a bonfire and dance.

Yinian

In the year of the Yi people, the Yi language is called "Kus", and "Ku" means Year, while "Si" means New Year, which means New Year. This is a traditional festival of sacrifice and celebration for Yi people in Liangshan. "Kus" is usually chosen in the lunar calendar 10, the harvest season of crops. The year of the Yi people is three days. The first night of the year is called "Jueluoji", the first day of the New Year is called "Kusi", the second day is called "Dobo" and the third day is called "Apu Machine".

Jueluoji

Family reunion, or killing pigs and chickens, to celebrate the prosperity of the population in that year and the good luck and well-being in the coming year.

Kus

It means Chinese New Year, and its main content is ancestor worship. After the cock crows in the morning, the whole village will slaughter Nian pigs, starting with the old people or elders in the same village. Use the gallbladder, pancreas and urine bag of the old pig to predict the good or bad of the host family. The pig's gallbladder is full, the color is good, the pancreas is flat, there is no defect, and the urine bag is full, which is an auspicious sign, indicating that the population will be prosperous, the whole family will be healthy and the grain will be plentiful in the coming year. At the same time, it is divided into two meals: "giving up money" and "giving up people" "Giving up money" is mainly to worship ancestors. Pig kidney, pig liver, pig tongue and pig pancreas are cooked together to worship ancestors. "Shemin" is a group meal for the whole family. After eating the Social Democratic Party, men have to cut pork into pieces and women have to make sausages. On the same day, they will hang fresh meat and sausages on the fireplace for roasting, and at the same time, they will show their owners' annual pig fat, which is auspicious and shows their wealth.

Dobo

It means the first day of the month. In the morning, when the chicken calls its master, it will get up and make soup, that is, mash the heart and lungs, burn oil in the pot, add bean sprouts, dried (fresh) bamboo shoots and the like, and make soup. In the morning, the whole family will enjoy this delicious soup. In the morning, women organize children in the whole village to sacrifice fruit trees, which is a ceremony of "social day". Every child should bring a pig's front hoof, corn cob, etc. Choose a leafy fruit tree and let a child climb the tree to accompany the tree god. Under the guidance of a woman, all the children prayed that the tree god would bear more fruits for the children to share, so as to ensure their healthy growth and so on. Then cut the meat brought by the child into small pieces and put it on branches or bark. After social day, it's New Year's greetings. The New Year greetings of Yi people are spectacular and lively. Generally, dozens of people go door to door to pay New Year greetings. During the New Year's greetings, the host's family brought us water and wine to drink. At the same time, the New Year greeting team also sang New Year greetings to the host, and young people danced, wrestled and jumped over the pot. Everyone is happy all night, regardless of each other, regardless of relatives and friends.

Auxiliary power plant machine

It means to send the ancestors away, cook fat intestines and vegetables in the afternoon, the woman pays a New Year call, and the man receives the New Year call team at home. After the three-day Lunar New Year, Yi people will carry large pig arms (usually divided into three, five and seven) and wait for wine, sugar, thousand-layer cakes, fried noodles and eggs to pay New Year greetings to their parents-in-law. The whole Yi people 10 are immersed in the joy of the Lunar New Year.

The Year of the Yi Nationality is an important festival of the Yi nationality. Since ancient times, the Yi people have attached great importance to the New Year, which is very lively. There is no way to know when the Year of the Yi people began. Many ceremonies of Liangshan Yi people during the New Year are related to ancestor worship, and the whole festival is full of a strong sense of ancestor supremacy.

Competition festival

Dressing Festival-Yi Girl Fashion Show: There are two places in Yizhou, Chuxiong where there are dressing festivals. One is the clothing festival in Zhiju Village, Yongren County, which falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month every year. One is the Saizhuang Festival in Santai Township, Dayao County, which is held on March 28th every year.

Fashion Festival provides an opportunity for young men and women who live in scattered places and have little chance to get together and get to know each other. What girls can show themselves best is to see whose clothes are the most beautiful. Yi women's dresses rely entirely on handmade peach blossoms and embroidery, and it often takes one or two years to make a suit. Therefore, whoever has more clothes and good patterns will be regarded as hardworking, capable and ingenious.

Different from the way of competition, people no longer wear all their clothes, but constantly change new clothes. Some girls have to change five or six sets of clothes a day. As a result, another scene appeared at the competition festival: beside the mountain barrel and under the green trees, the old people set up countless tents, cooked food and faithfully guarded the clothes for the girls.

Fashion Festival has the nature of competition from the beginning, and it is the earliest fashion show. The difference is that Yi girls are not only designers and producers of clothes, but also "fashion models" in performances.

Mobile phone-the most popular folk dance in the world: Every harvest, wedding or festival, the Yi people living in Yunnan, ranging from dozens to hundreds, are surrounded by piles of flaming bonfires, with the quiet and solemn green hills and deep and mysterious canopies around them as the background, accompanied by the music beat played by lusheng, piccolo, Qin Yue and leaves, men and women join hands to form a circle and set foot to sing counterclockwise.

1986, American international folk art organization once listed this kind of folk self-entertainment song and dance as one of the most popular "top ten folk dances in the world".

"Play a song"

Throughout Yunnan, this form of song and dance is popular not only among Yi people, but also among Bai people, Naxi people and other ethnic groups, but with different names, such as "Big Man", "Left Foot Dance", "Step Song" and "Dance Lusheng".

According to research, "Big Brother" is a transliteration of "Tage". As early as the Han and Tang Dynasties, "Tage" was a very active folk song and dance in the Central Plains and South China. However, the "Yunnan Feather Dance" cast on the bronze drum-shaped shell container unearthed in Shizhai Mountain, Jinning, Yunnan, and the 18 copper buckle unearthed in Lijiashan, Jiangchuan, as well as the solidified dance pattern on the Cangyuan rock painting in Yunnan, are all the same as the image of the Yi people's "big", which may be used as evidence of the ancient origin of the Yi people's "big".

Up to now, there is still a "Ta Ge Tu" painted by the Qing Dynasty on the mural of Longtan Temple in Weishan County, Yunnan Province, which is very similar to today's Weishan Yi people.

observe a holiday

Celebration Festival is a traditional festival of Yi people. Every October in the lunar calendar, the Yi people celebrate New Year's Day, offering sacrifices to each other, singing and dancing, and congratulating the festival.

Tiaohu

During the Spring Festival, the Maidichong Yi people in Shuangbai County, Yunnan Province have a special custom of "Jumping Tiger Festival". On the eighth day of the first month, adult men in the village gathered at the site of the earth temple behind the village to kill dogs and offer sacrifices to "rice" ("rice" means earth, "rice" means master and rice means god), and then "Bimo" in the village offered sacrifices to the earth god and invited the tiger god. Eight villagers danced as tigers. "Tiger" has towering ears, thick tail and tiger stripes all over the body. They drew a Chinese character "Wang" on their foreheads and hung a big bronze bell around their necks, which was very dignified. After Bimo said a farewell ceremony and invited the Tiger God, King Tiger led all the tigers into the village. Throughout the Tiger Jumping Festival, the whole village was immersed in a happy atmosphere of welcoming tigers, sending tigers, watching tigers jump and exorcising evil spirits. The local people are convinced that only through the annual traditional jumping tiger, offering sacrifices to the tiger god and praying for the blessings of their ancestors can all the villagers have a bumper harvest every year, a prosperous population and a happier life. It reflects a kind of cosmology of Yi people, who believe that everything in the world is created by tigers, and their reverence for tigers reflects the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Generally speaking, "Husheng" is primitive, simple and unaffected by the outside world, and it is a treasure of Enoch culture.

October 1st.

It is a traditional year of the Yi people, which is mostly held in the first ten days of the lunar calendar. The festival lasts 5-6 days. In festivals, pigs and sheep will be killed, and rich people will kill cattle. At that time, they will dress up for dinner, visit relatives and friends and give gifts to each other.

Supplementary annual festival

Yi people live in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places, in the new

Supplementary annual festival

On the 10th and 11th day of the second lunar month, there is another festival called "Malong Fire" in Yi language. Among the sacrificial activities, the Dragon Boat Festival is the biggest. The Dragon Boat Festival chooses a dragon day in the middle of February, March and April. Everyone in the village brought a bowl of rice and a small piece of salt, and the old man prepared incense and sacrificed collectively under the dragon tree. The Yi people in Yunnan choose the first Dragon Day of the first month to hold the Dragon Boat Festival. After the sacrifice, everyone sat on the floor, regardless of age, bringing their own food and eating meat. This is a large-scale rally.

Maiden rite of passage

"changing skirts" ceremony

In Liangshan area, Yi girls will hold a mysterious "dressing-up" ceremony when they grow up, which is called "Shalalo" in Yi language, meaning to take off their childhood skirts and put on adult skirts. Before "Shalaro", Yi girls wore red and white children's skirts with braids and pierced ears. After the "dressing-up" ceremony, you should put on a long skirt with a black and blue middle part. The original single braid should be combed into double braids, embroidered hair bands should be worn and earrings should be hung.

After the ceremony of "changing skirts", the girls are free to go shopping, catch the show, watch horse races, make friends and fall in love. The time for "changing skirts" depends on the development of girls, generally between 15 years old and 17 years old, and most of them are single. Because in the eyes of local Yi people, "changing skirts" at the age of two will be disastrous and unlucky for life. As for the specific date of "changing skirts", it is still necessary to ask the elderly to make a good choice before they can finally set an auspicious day.

Because "changing skirts" is a symbol of a woman from childhood to adulthood, parents attach great importance to it. Especially this mother, as the intimate person of her daughter, knows her daughter's physiological condition best. Before changing her skirt, she enthusiastically prepared lace black Harper, new skirt, beads of different colors and silver medal for her daughter.

celebrate

Yi torch festival

Torch Festival-Carnival of the Yi people: "Torch Festival" is a grand festival of the Yi people, usually held from June 24th to 26th in the lunar calendar. At that time, cattle and sheep were to be killed and ancestors were to be sacrificed. In some areas, landlords will also be sacrificed, and they will entertain each other, eat tuorou and wish a bumper harvest. Torch Festival is usually celebrated for three days. On the first day, the whole family got together, and then on the second day, there were colorful activities such as wrestling, horse racing, bullfighting, boat racing and tug-of-war, and then a grand bonfire party was held to party all night.

As night fell, people waved torches, swarmed around the village, crossed Shan Ye, sprinkled rosin powder on each other's torches, lit torches, and Shan Ye was as white as day. According to the custom of the Yi people, sprinkling rosin powder on the torch will make the torch "bang" with a gorgeous spark in generate and raise a fragrance. This is a good wish: the younger generation shows respect to the older generation and wishes them a long life; The elders are caressing the younger generation and wish them good luck; Peer interaction is intimacy and friendship; Young men and women give up on each other, which is the beginning of love.

The first day of offering sacrifices to the fire

On this day, everyone puts on their favorite clothes and is happy. Every village will kill cattle and sheep, hold banquets, all kinds of meat, fragrant and sweet wine, and the aroma is overflowing. If you worship it, God will be full of praise. When night falls, people near the village will set up an altar at the location selected by the old man, and tap stones to light the flame in the traditional way. Bimo (a Yi folk priest) will recite the scriptures and offer sacrifices to Vulcan. Then, every household, adults and children will wander in the corner of the field with torches made of wormwood from Bimo, imitating Asher's legend of fire repellent.

The fire was on the next day.

On this day, every family gathers under the sacred fire of the altar and holds various traditional festivals. Boys should imitate the legendary Atiba, horse racing, wrestling, singing, bullfighting, fighting sheep and cockfighting. The girls imitate the legendary Ashima, wearing beautiful clothes and holding a butter umbrella, singing Doloho and dancing with their bodies. On this day, the most important activity is the beauty contest of Yi family. Older people should choose handsome men and beautiful women of the year from boys and girls according to the legendary standards such as Ashiba's hard work, courage, handsome spirit and Ashima's kindness, intelligence and beauty. As night falls, a pair of sentient men and women, in the mountains, by the stream, under the butter umbrella, pluck Qin Yue, bounce the strings and tell each other about their lovesickness. Therefore, some people call Liangshan Yi International Torch Festival "Valentine's Day in the East".

Send fire on the third day

This is the climax of the entire Liangshan Yi International Torch Festival. On this day, when night falls, everyone will run around with torches. Finally, people gathered their torches together to form a huge bonfire, and happy people gathered around the bonfire to sing and dance heartily. The scene is extremely spectacular. Therefore, it is also called "Oriental Carnival Night".

Other activities

Yi people in southern Shandong and Guishan, during the festival, people play the big three strings, jump "an Xi jumps over the moon", and hold wrestling, bullfighting and other activities at the same time; The Yi people in Chuxiong and Maitreya also held traditional "fire sacrifice" ceremonies. On the night of the festival, in the depths of the mountains where the Yi people live together, there are "sleepless fire trees and silver flowers" everywhere, and the scene is very spectacular.