How to maintain Japanese knives?

A certain amount of chromium is added to ordinary carbon steel to smelt stainless steel with good corrosion resistance. According to Chinese national standards, the mass fraction of chromium content (i.e. the weight percentage of chromium) is not less than 12%. In practical application, the average chromium content of stainless steel is more than 13%. There are many kinds of stainless steel. According to the type of microstructure in steel, stainless steel can be divided into martensite type, ferrite type and ferrite type. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of different types varies greatly. For example, the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel 304 is quite different. The corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel 304 is better than that of martensite type (420), but its strength and hardness are very low. Martensite stainless steel has strong corrosion resistance in dry air and no acid-base corrosion.

How to prevent mountain city from rusting

The reason why some mountain cities don't rust depends on the material of the knife itself. The most direct way to prevent the mountain city from rusting is to use a stainless steel knife. Even the mountain city made of stainless steel will produce ugly marks because of improper protection. The following points are aimed at the anti-rust methods of mountain cities with different materials.

1, rust prevention method of stainless steel mountain city:

Do a good job in rust prevention of stainless steel tools, mainly not to destroy the passivation film on the surface of stainless steel tools and scissors. Clean and dry as soon as possible after use. Try not to touch acid, alkali and salt.

Stainless steel, as its name implies, is steel that never rusts. The "stainless" here is relative, not absolute, but relative to carbon steel. Stainless steel is not easy to rust, but it is not absolutely rust-free, but it is less prone to corrosion and rust than carbon steel under the same conditions and environment. Stainless steel is not easy to rust, which is related to the addition of more than 12% chromium to the matrix. In the oxidizing corrosive medium, chromium can quickly form a dense passivation film on the steel surface to prevent the metal matrix from being destroyed. When the chromium content is above 12%, a dense and stable passivation film is formed, and the antirust performance changes by leaps and bounds, which is why the chromium content in stainless steel should be above 12%.

2, ordinary mountain rust prevention method:

Knife is made of iron, and the surface of the blade is prone to rust and injury after repeated grinding. The solution is to plate steel or nickel, put desiccant in oil or oil paper, and the effect is good. Nickel plating may be a little dark.

Rusting is due to the moisture and dust on the sword body, or the fingerprints left by the contact of the sword body, so it is easy to rust slowly, and the more rusty it is, the more severe it is. If the blade touches a hard object, it will curl easily. When the knife is placed in the scabbard for a long time, the contact part is easy to get hurt and rust. The first thing to maintain the knife is to oil it to prevent air contact. This is the most important step to prevent rust. The oil used can be the oil sold in the market, but it will volatilize after a long time, so it should be maintained once a year. Also, the oil will deteriorate after a long time, so we should pay more attention to changing it frequently.

Maintenance tools need to be as follows:

Wipe the paper-wipe the paper hard until the sand in the paper is squeezed out.

Powder-wrap the millstone with cotton cloth and silk.

Oil-Queena Ding oil, Toona sinensis oil, etc. There is special oil for maintaining swords on the market now.

Absorbent cotton or Yoshino paper-When using the above tools, you should first remove the scabbard, remove the tenons with tenon removing tools, then gently wipe the blade surface with wiping paper to remove dust and oil gas, and then powder the blade. This time, powder the blade with new wiping paper, and the old oil coated on the blade will be removed, and then the powder will be wiped with wiping paper. This action is repeated for dozens of times, so that everything stuck to the blade is removed. This is the best time to appreciate the knife. Wipe gently. If there is dust or sand in the wiping paper, it will hurt the knife, so be sure to pay attention. R prepare some clean wiping papers and put them where you can get them at hand. L After wiping, carefully check whether there is rust, scratches, etc. , and then oil it. In addition, use other wiping paper or absorbent cotton to clean the dirt stuck to the knife. Finally, we should pay attention to one point, whether oiling or wiping the knife, we should rush the back of the knife to ourselves and wipe it from the back to the blade to prevent injury. Knives, no matter what kind of steel, even stainless steel (because stainless steel used to make knives is not really stainless steel) should be taken care of, not to mention tool steel and other steel that will rust. Otherwise, once it rusts, it will affect the use and life of the knife.

WD40——WD40 is very cheap, a can is less than NT$ 100, and you can buy it in hardware stores, and the effect is good. However, WD40 is not suitable for cutting food, otherwise there is a danger of poisoning. In addition, lubricant such as WD40 is easy to cause greasy feeling on the knife, and it is also easy to be stained with dust and cotton wool. Considering the safety problem, some people use "baby oil" as an antirust application. If you want to cut vegetables like this, don't worry about it. The problem is that it is very oily.

There is something called tufted flannel-abroad-which is a piece of cloth coated with a particularly clean antirust liquid. After being put on the knife to dry, it will form a thin maintenance layer, which is not sticky or greasy to the touch and will not be stained with dust. In addition, the effect is very good, so it is well received and determined. Tufted flannel is divided into ordinary tufted flannel and marine tufted flannel, which is specially designed for high humidity and strong rust-proof environment.

If the knife is a little rusty, it can be polished with WD40 or "green stick stone" and leather to remove rust spots. A large piece of green bar stone is about NT$ 100, which can be bought compared with large hardware stores. When painting, put some on the leather, and then rub the rusty part with leather, so it is easy to remove the rust. Green bar stone and leather can also be used to polish the blade, or to remove small inclusions on the polished blade, which is very easy to use.

Types of Japanese knives

Japanese Dao is a general term, which is actually the same as modern sensitive words and attention. It is divided into twenty-six kinds. Of course, what I mean here is not the specific name of Tao, such as "Zhengcun", but that it has 26 forms. Just like M- 16 and AK-47 are assault rifles, but they are completely different.

Japanese knives can be divided into the following categories:

(l) Jade-wound horizontal knife: This knife is the treasure of Yi Shi Great God Palace, and its handle and ring are inlaid with five-color jade. There are also two bells and eight jade, and a fish skin sheath.

(2) Knife saving: According to Japan's "Korean Military Equipment Inspection Law", all generals must be equipped with knives when they go out to war. Festivals are like yaks' tails, and messengers lead them. There are two swords in the Japanese Imperial Palace, namely the Sun and Moon Protective Sword and the Sangong Fighting Sword. In the heyday of the ancient king's rule, he recruited foreign generals and sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty, and he was very ceremonial when he set out. The emperor wore a sword himself and gave them a sword.

(3) Instrument knife: Instrument knife is a kind of weapon used for etiquette and ritual purposes. The ancient Tai Dao and Long Dao were used for ceremonial purposes. When the samurai joined the Guards, when the army sent troops to fight. Its authoritative tool is the instrument knife. Later generations used wooden knives, such as the emperor's accession to the throne and the court.

(4) [Food] Taidao: This is also used for etiquette, such as decorative swords. Used in festivals and awards. Antique [food side] sword, made of wood, given by the emperor to ministers to wear in the temple.

(5) Painting broadsword: This is the name of Fuweitai Dao in Guangdong, which is extremely gorgeous. More than three people can wear gold ornaments, and less than four people can use silver ornaments with white sharks as handles. In festivals, grand prizes, envoys, ministers, queens, and royal luck. Its names include mother-of-pearl tire knife, Moody's mother-of-pearl tire knife, flat dust tire knife, thin dust tire knife, black paint tire knife, Woxuandi tire knife, seashell tire knife, parrot tire knife, reed hand-painted tire knife, glass handle tire knife, water fine handle tire knife, Akebia mother-of-pearl tire knife and so on. These real knives are the same as those made by Fujiang. The blade is made of pig iron, and the shape of the scabbard is extremely detailed.

(6) Wild Taidao: The name of wild Taidao originated in modern times, but it did not exist in ancient times. Wu Fan Taidao, White Taidao, Black Taidao and Silk Coil Taidao all belong to the category of wild broadsword. It is different from [eating Fang Dao], painting Tai Dao and installing Wei Fang Tai Dao. But there are also some wild knives such as mother-of-pearl paintings, which are equal to new knives, daggers, knives and waist knives.

(7) Knife punching: To punch a knife, the length of the knife should be determined according to the arm strength of the knife holder. This is the knife used in battle armor.

(8) Taitai Dao: Taitai Dao was made around the time of Kamakura shogunate. The Taidao used in the top priority of mountainous areas is four inches flat and three feet nine inches long (after Yuan Hong and Jianwu, it was five feet six feet long), and Junze Mountain was also used in the battlefield. At that time, the samurai and Pei Keda were inseparable. It is rare to see a seven-foot-long broadsword, because it is too long to wear and it is inconvenient to fight.

(9) Sheath roll: This means that when the knife is drawn, the blade rolls out of the sheath. This Dao is used by the Wu family, and it is as important as the Wild Taidao in the army array. Mackerel skin is decorated with brocade cloth, decorated with copper, roe, jade edge and hair carving, with handles such as big cut feather, small cut feather and golden body, and the sheath is painted with Tang grass.

(10) Threat difference: Threat difference is a knife inserted in the waist, which is a modern thing. In ancient times, there were guards, short knives, pregnant knives, dark swords, etc. inserted at the waist, which were densely placed in their arms. It's only about eight or nine inches long and can break armor. There are great threats in modern times, which are divided into three types: large, medium and small, all of which are longer than those in ancient times, so they can't be hidden in their arms and obviously inserted outside their waists.

(1 1) Hyogo Lock Taidao: The handle and sheath of this Dao are decorated with gold or silver. The lock of Hyogo means the ancient guard in Liao of Hyogo, and the knife was made to hide Hyogo. Therefore, its handmade decoration is extremely exquisite, and it is as heavy as other weapons in the Liao State of Hyogo, such as the armor sword. The name of Hyogo Lock has been hanging down to this day, and later generations think it is called Seiko.

(12) Pill scabbard Taidao: This means that the scabbard is boat-shaped and often covered with gold.

(13) Jing Taidao: Not practical. It's a ceremonial knife decorated with gold, so I admire it.

(14) Pei Taidao: Pei Taidao is a regular Dao, which is different from the wild Taidao in battle. The size of the knife depends on the size of the wearer's body and the length of the wrist and hand, so it is convenient and beautiful to wear. Its length is about three feet long and two feet short, usually between two feet and several inches.

(15) Silver Sword: Silver Sword and Silver Taidao are probably ancient ritual vessels. There was a silver sword in the Tokugawa era, which was always enshrined by Yamato and Duowu Five Peaks.

(16) Black Taidao: The scabbard and blade body are painted black, just like Black Taidao.

(17) Long-Fu-Lun Taidao: It is said to be as long as gold.

(18) Brocade Taidao: Brocade is used as the sheath bag and the handle is wrapped with brocade.

(19) Handknife: Handknife is extremely small, hidden in your arms, only about six inches and five minutes long. Wrap it in brocade and it will be in your arms.

(20) Taiwan Island: This island was lost in the war since Ren Ying. Today, only the catalogue and the inscription of the knife can be tested.

(2 1) Kodach: Kodach is only over a foot long.

(22) Leather rolling knife: the sheath is firmly sewn with leather, the skin is decorated with rolling gold, and the shark handle is painted black.

(23) Zhong Ping Taidao: This is a Taidao used on the battlefield, which is longer than Pei Taidao and shorter than Taidao, so it is called Zhong Ping.

(24) funeral knife: stubble-free short knife, white silk as bag. In the Tokugawa era, martial artists threatened the poor and wrapped their handles in white paper.

(25) Size: This is the first thing Nobunobu and Toyotomi Hideyoshi used. Its length is between sword and threat, similar to ancient waist sword.

(26) Wooden knives: Wooden knives or wooden knives are knives that are not used or pulled out. Wood carving is painted, and its appearance is similar to that of a real knife. Some people use bamboo as a blade, probably because children wear it or can't afford a real knife (but Japanese doctors used to wear it).

Common sense of sword maintenance

Wipe the sword

Gently wipe off the residual oil and dust on the sword body with cotton towel cloth, flannel or deerskin, and then smear the sword body with cotton yarn dipped in a little knife oil. After three minutes, wipe it back and forth with the original cotton cloth for about 2-3 minutes to keep the blade warm. Its purpose is to remove impurities on the surface of the blade and promote the chemical change of phosphonium calcium, that is, to fill the capillary holes on the sword body after natural magnetization. Be sure to concentrate at this time to avoid being cut or stabbed.

Pan Jian

Put a long towel (a big bath towel is also acceptable) on the table, put the blade flat on it, wrap a small piece of wood (about1× 3x12cm) with cloth or leather, and rub the flat side back and forth on the blade surface to make it slightly warm. When there seems to be oil, but there is no oil, apply a little powder on the body of the sword, and then continue to rub it for about a quarter of an hour. Its function is to remove scratches and increase the contraction speed of capillary holes in the sword body. The above actions must be calm, so it is also an excellent way to cultivate one's morality.

Apply antirust oil

If the sword is not kept every day or the living place is wet, it must be coated with a thin layer of antirust oil before sheathing to avoid contact with air. But if the sword can be maintained regularly every day without oiling, it is good for the cultivation of the sword.

Maintenance parts

Wipe the accessories with original maintenance cloth or leather. (If you want to brighten the bronze ornaments, you can put them in the cloth ring and then turn them around hard. ) Because there is oil stain on the cloth, it can protect them from oxidation and produce copper and chlorine.

Raise the scabbard

The last procedure of raising a sword; Then hold the scabbard with the original maintenance cloth or apron, and wipe it hard up and down, left and right to make the wood heat up, so that the oil in the wood will slowly emerge on the surface. After a long time, the whole scabbard surface is covered with a layer of wood oil, like a layer of bright wax, which not only has a wonderful texture, but also needs to be wiped later to keep it smooth forever. Newly cast swords should be maintained once a day, at least once every three days, and not more than seven days. After the above maintenance work for one year, the sword branch can be carried out every ten days; Fifteen days after two years; Twenty-five days after three years; It can be maintained once a month after four years. After such maintenance, purple and green light will gradually appear on the blade surface. When the sword rises to this stage, the surface of the blade will be densely covered with antique white stripes (or spots), which is due to the presence of sugar and calcium in the sword. If you wipe hard again to produce thermal effect, you can reflect purple light or green light. This time will continue for about half a year. The blade is naturally covered with a layer of carbon, which can keep it stainless forever. At this point, the sword is finished.

Distinguish between punching knife, closing knife and Taidao.

Dao collision is the most common representative of Tatsu Yamashiro, and the Japanese Dao in the broadest sense. As far as I can see, anyone who uses a knife can be called a knife collision. Half a knife that is too big can also be classified as a beating knife. Because they are all standard knives suitable for step warfare. There are not too many complicated delays in loading knives.

He Ju Dao can be regarded as a kind of beating knife, with a certain radian, and the length and handle length (suitable for hands) are standardized, so it is convenient to use the knife. For example, a straight knife or a knife with a particularly long blade that is difficult to dial quickly is not called a closed knife. Half a knife can also be used for cohabitation.

The difference between beating knife and beating knife is also controversial in Japan, because:

First, the inscription is actually difficult to distinguish, because there are many knives inscribed with Taidao, although it is obviously Taidao posture.

Second, it's not appropriate to distinguish a knife from a sword. It is also common that the blade is equipped with a knife and the blade is equipped with a knife.

Third, there are also special cases in the distinction of wearing methods. In the state of preparing for war, the Wu family turned the knife upside down and temporarily put it on the foot skin as a too big knife to go to the battlefield. Semi-Tai Dao can be used as a knife or as a Tai Dao belt.

Fourthly, "Taidao" should not be a special term, because "Taidao" and "Da" have the same meaning. It can be said that a knife more than two feet is too big. In other words, there is nothing wrong with calling a boxing knife "too big", because relative threats and short knives are really "broadswords"

If it is assumed that Taidao is necessary as a special term for a certain kind of knife, I think it is necessary to distinguish the knife posture:

First, it's an ancient Taidao, with a strong waist and a strong curved handle (such as a safe hairy Taidao). It is indisputable that it should be classified as Tai Dao. Because this is obviously not suitable for foot combat. The method of use is also very different from that of a punching knife.

Second, the most popular step knife posture, slender waist, a large gap between yuan and yuan, generally stalk, small front or middle.

Third, the blade grows up, three feet or more than four feet of Taidao, or Feng Dao. At this time, I don't care about the posture of the knife, whether it is a straight blade or a clam blade. Still broad. Exceeding this length will all belong to the category of Taidao.

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