The first vernacular Chinese in biographies of the Five Emperors

The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shao Dianshi, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan. Born magical and supernatural, he can talk in infancy, is young and clever, grows up diligently, and becomes smart and smart in adulthood.

Xuanyuan, Yandi Shennong's power has declined. The princes invaded each other and destroyed the people, and Shennong was unable to conquer them. So Xuanyuan always dispatched troops to conquer the princes who didn't pay tribute. Governors from all directions came to yield to Shennong. But Chiyou is the most cruel, and he has no power to crusade at the moment. Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes, and all the princes returned to Xuanyuan. Xuanyuan cultivated politics, reorganized the army, complied with the natural phenomena of four seasons and five directions, planted grains, appeased the people, and let the people in the distance live and work in peace and contentment. Tame bears? Fighting against Emperor Yan with tigers and other beasts in the wild in Hanquan. After three wars, he finally realized his ambition.

Chiyou made an insurrection and disobeyed orders, so Xuanyuan retreated from governors from all directions, fought Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu, captured Chiyou alive and killed him. All the governors in the four directions respected Xuanyuan as the emperor to replace Shennong, which is the Yellow Emperor. If there is disobedience in the world, the Yellow Emperor will go to crusade; After peace, even if you leave. I've never had a comfortable day.

East to Bohai Sea, east to Climbing Maruyama Mountain and Mount Tai; Go west to Kongtong and climb Jitou Mountain; Reach the Yangtze River in the south and board Woong San and Xiangshan; Drive away the meat porridge in the north and join the princes in Busan; All the cities are built on the flat land under the Guangping Mountain in Zhuolu Mountain. Relocation, no fixed residence; Build a camp around the army to defend itself. All officials are named after the cloud, and the army is called the cloud division. Set up left and right supervisors to supervise countries. National harmony, the sacrifice of ghosts and gods, and the retreat of Zen were all presided over by the Yellow Emperor himself. Get Baoding. Use yarrow to calculate the calendar and predict the future solar terms. Raising the wind and forcing grazing are often the first priority to govern the people. Abide by the discipline of the four seasons of heaven and earth, the tradition of yin and yang and the five elements (case: this sentence is translated according to the article "Da Dai Wu Li De"), the truth of life and death, and the limit of survival. Plants and trees are planted in hundreds of valleys, and Dehua is applied to birds, animals and insects, all over the sun, moon, stars, water waves, rocks and jade. It is thrifty and saves water, fire and materials. Because of its virtue, it is called the Yellow Emperor.

The Yellow Emperor has twenty-five sons, and only fourteen have surnames.

Huangdi lived in Xuanyuan Mountain and married the daughter of Xiling family. This is Rezu. Lei Zu, the princess of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to two children. Their descendants once held the world in their hands: one was Xiao Xuan, who was young and became a vassal and lived in the Yangtze River; The other is Changyi, who was demoted to a vassal and lived in Ruoshui. Changyi married the daughter of Shushan family named Changfu and gave birth to Levin. Levin is a great virtue for the people. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, he was buried in Qiao Shan, and his grandson, the son of Changyi, succeeded to the throne. This is De Zhuan Xu.

Emperor Yao is Fang Xun. His benevolence is as endless as the sky, and his wisdom is as exquisite as God. Approaching him is as warm as the sun, and looking at him from a distance is as beautiful as a cloud. Rich but not arrogant, expensive but not lazy. Wearing a yellow crown, wearing a black uniform, riding a red car and driving a white horse. We can carry forward the virtue of obedience to urge our relatives and family. Kinship has been reconciled and the responsibilities of officials have been clarified. As a result, officials have made outstanding achievements in governance, and they also sympathize with and unite the rulers of the world.

So he ordered Xi and He to obey God's will respectfully. From the operation of the sun, the moon and the stars, the calendar of one year is determined and the four seasons are respectfully taught to the people. Xi Zhong was ordered to live in a place called Yan Gu in Yu Yi. Warmly welcome the rising sun, manage and supervise spring ploughing. Day and night are equal in length, and birds and stars appear in the south at night. According to this scene, the date of the vernal equinox is determined. So people are scattered in the fields, and birds and animals are breeding and mating. Then he ordered his uncle to live in Dajiao Mountain in the south (for example, refer to Wang's Records), manage and supervise Xia Geng, worship the sun devoutly and record his shadow. The day is the longest, and Mars appears due south at night. According to this scene, the date of summer solstice is determined. So people tried their best to help with farming, and the feathers of birds and animals became sparse. Then he ordered He Zhong to live in a place called the Valley of Western Ignorance, respectfully bid farewell to the disappearance of the sun, and manage and supervise the autumn harvest. A virtual star with equal length of day and night, which appears in the south at night. According to this scene, the date of the autumnal equinox was determined. People are happy, birds and animals grow new feathers. Then he ordered his uncle to live in a place called Yudu in the north, to manage and check the storage of crops. The day is the shortest, and the Pleiades appear due south at night. According to this scene, the date of winter on the solstice is determined. So people stay in the room to keep warm, and the feathers of birds and animals become fluffy. Determine a year as 366 days, and adjust the four seasons error by setting leap. Indeed, various rectification undertakings are developing vigorously.

Yao said, "Who can govern the country?" Fang Qi said: "It is wise to adopt Dani." Yao said, "Alas! Those who are stubborn and litigious cannot use it. " Yao said, "Who can?" Gou Dou said, "It is quite remarkable that * * * has taken care of everything and can be used." Yao said: "* * * workers are eloquent, but their intentions are circuitous, and their actions seem to be respectful, but even if the sky dares to deceive the people, it cannot be used." Yao added, "Ah, the four great princes, flooding all over the sky, surrounded the mountains and flooded them, and the people were worried. Who can make him govern? " All four people said, "guns are fine." Yao said, "Hey, this man doesn't listen to orders, and he harms others and himself. No, "they all said," use it first. If it really doesn't work, don't use it again. " Yao accepted their suggestion and made use of it. Nine years have passed, and no achievements have been made in water control.

Yao said, "Ah, leaders of the four countries, I have been in power for seventy years. You can carry out your orders. Come and replace me! " The four men replied, "Despicable virtue will defile the throne." Yao said, "Then you should recommend them as much as possible, whether they are relatives of dignitaries or hermits who have nothing to do with them." The four men also recommended to Yao: "There is an unmarried civilian named Yu Shun." Yao said, "Yes, I've heard of it, too. What is it like? " All four said, "He is the son of a blind man. His father is inhuman, his mother is ungrateful, and his brother is arrogant and rude. However, he can be harmonious and filial, and handle a family well without any mistakes. " Yao said, "Let me try."

So Yao married his two daughters to Shun and observed how he treated them. Shun actually let them condescend to live in Guishui Bay, and everything is in line with the way of women. Yao was very satisfied, so Shun preached the five virtues with his heart, and all the five virtues were enjoyed by the people. It also enabled Shun to hold various public offices, which were handled in an orderly manner. So that he received guests in the four gates of Beijing, and the four hotels were in harmony, and guests from all over the country were in awe. Yao also brought Shun into the land of primitive mountains and rivers. Shun won't get lost in the storm. Yao thinks he is great, so he asks Shun to say, "If you plan things carefully, you will be able to do what you say. It has been three years, and you have ascended the throne. " Shun always feels that his virtue is not enough, and his heart has been uneasy about it.

On an auspicious day in the first half of the first month of the first month, Shun accepted the entrustment of completing politics for Yao in the temple. Wenzu Temple is the temple of Yao Taizu. So Emperor Yao retired to his home and ordered Shun to act as the emperor's imperial edict, in order to keep God's will (to see if God would accept Shun as emperor). Shun then operated the jade halberd through (the armillary sphere), maintained a horizontal jade scale, and observed the celestial phenomena to see whether the five-star orientation of the sun, the moon and the sun was correct (whether there was any difference in experience politics). Therefore, the ritual of sacrifice is used to worship the gods, the ritual of sacrifice is used to worship the four seasons of heaven and earth, the ritual of sacrifice is used to worship famous mountains and rivers, and other gods are generally sacrificed.

Accept five kinds of jade articles (held by governors who came to Korea)-(Huan Gui, Xin Gui, Gong Gui, Gu Bi, Pu Bi); Choose auspicious month and auspicious day, meet the governors of the four sides and the heads of the twelve States, and return the imperial seal to them. In February of the same year, I traveled eastward and arrived at Mount Tai, offering a sacrifice to the sky and a hope to the mountains and rivers. So, I met with the eastern governors, corrected the mistake of April Day, and unified the neatly arranged five rituals, namely, temperament, ruler, welcoming guests with soldiers, and severity. When we first met, we used five kinds of jade articles, three kinds of colorful pheasants (red pheasant, black pheasant and white pheasant), two kinds of creatures (lamb and goose) and a dead thing (pheasant) as gifts. If the gift is jade, it will still be returned to them after the ceremony. Visiting the south in May, visiting the west in August and visiting the north in November are all like traveling eastward. When I came back, I went to Yao Fu Temple and Ancestral Temple to offer sacrifices, each with a bull as a sacrifice. Patrol every five years. In the past four years, the governors of the four sides have appeared in front of the emperor, generally stating their political views. If they can get the results after careful experiments, they will be rewarded with clothes for horses and chariots.

12 states were established, and rivers in each state were dredged.

Inform the people with the unchanging criminal law. Exile is used to pardon criminals who have been punished by Mo, Mo, Gong and Da Bi. Whipping is the punishment of the government, Chu is the punishment of the school and brass is the punishment of atonement. Unintentional mistakes or crimes committed due to disasters are unforgivable, and the punishment for committing crimes that are harmful to people for life is not a loan. "Caution, caution, pay attention to criminal law!"

Toudou recommended * * * workers, and Yao said "no", but he worked hard as a worker, and * * * workers were really eccentric. Yao thought it impossible for the four governors to raise their guns to control water. The leader of the feudal lords urged him to try it out, but after the trial, there was no performance, which made the people suffer greatly. Sanmiao has repeatedly made troubles in the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Jingzhou and other places: Shun came back from traveling around the world, reported to Emperor Yao, and asked to send * * * workers to Youling to change the Northern Emperor; Exile dogs fight to Chongshan for Na Man; Relocation of Sanmiao to Sanwei to Xirong; Put a gun into Yushan Army and change it to Dongyi. After the disposal of these four pests, everyone in the world was completely convinced.

Yao got Shun 70 years after he ascended the throne, and retired 20 years later, making Shun the son of heaven and recommending Shun to heaven. Emperor Yao abdicated and died in 28 years. People are very sad, as if their parents had died. Within three years, there will be no music in the world to commemorate Yao.

Yao knew that his son was not virtuous and could not pass on the world to him, so he passed it on to Shun in an extraordinary way. -"The world is smooth, the world benefits, and Dani suffers; If it reaches Dani, the whole world will suffer, but Dani will benefit. " Yao said, "You can't benefit one person with the pain of the whole world." Finally passed the world on to Shun.

After the death of Emperor Yao, after three years of mourning, Shun fled to the south of Nanhe River to make way for Danzhu. When a vassal came to see the emperor, he went to see Shun, not Danzhu. If you go to court, don't go to Dani, go smoothly; Those who praise political morality praise Shun, not Shun. Shun said, "This is an act of God." So he returned to the capital and ascended the throne of the son of heaven. This is Di Shun.

Yu Shun, whose name is Zhong Hua. Zhong Hua's father's name is Qiao Niu, Gu Sou's father's name is Qiao Niu, Wang Ju's father's name is Jingkang, Jingkang's father's name is Qiong Chan's father is Zhuan Xu, and Zhuan Xu's father's name is Changyi: it has been seven generations since he arrived in Shun. From Qiong Chan to Di Shun, they are all humble, just ordinary people.

Shun's father Gu Sou was blind. After Shun's mother died, Gu Sou became an elephant. Elephants are arrogant. Gu Sou likes his wife's son very much, so he often wants to kill Shun, who always avoids doing so. If you make a small mistake, you will be punished, obedient to your father, stepmother and brother, sincere and careful day by day, and never slack off.

Shun is from Jizhou. He used to farm in Lishan, fish in Leize, make pottery by the Yellow River, do various handicrafts in Shouqiu and do small business in the summer market.

Shun's father, Gu Sou, is mean, his mother is unfaithful, and his younger brother is arrogant and wants to kill Shun. Shun is filial to his parents without losing his way and being kind to his brothers. Like trying to kill him, can't find an excuse; He just wants to stay with his parents.

Shun got a filial name at the age of 20. At the age of 30, Emperor Yao asked about the available materials, and all four governors recommended Yu Shun. So Yao married two daughters and observed how he managed the family. And let Jiuzi and Shun * * * observe how he lives. I live in Guishui Bay, and my home behavior is serious and meticulous. Yao's two daughters dare not be proud of their aristocratic status, serve Shun's relatives, and abide by the way of being a woman. Yao's nine sons are also friendlier. Shun cultivates in Lishan, and Lishan people can give up their fields; Fishing in Razer, everyone on Razer can give up their residence; Pottery is made along the Yellow River, and none of the pottery produced along the Yellow River is shoddy. A year later, the place where he lived became a village, a city in two years and Chengdu in three years. Yao also gave Shunxige a cloth and a piano, built a cowshed for him and gave him cattle and sheep. Gu Sou still wants to kill him. He wants to go to the granary to bridge the gap. Gu Sou set fire to the granary from below; Shun used two hats to protect himself, jumped down and ran away so that he wouldn't die. Later, I wanted Shun to dig another well. When Shun was digging a well, he deliberately opened a secret small hole that could come out from the side. After Shun went down to the well, he joined forces with the elephant to dump the soil and fill the well. Shun escaped from the secret hole. Xiang He was very happy and thought Shun was dead. The elephant said, "The mastermind is an elephant, and it is willing to give Shun's property to its parents." He also said, "Shun's wife, Yao's second daughter, Qin, likes to enjoy it; Cattle and sheep barn, distributed to parents. " So the elephant lived in Shun's bedroom and played his piano. Shun went to see him at this time, as if startled and unhappy, and said, "I miss you so much!" " "Shun said," in that case, you are very good! Shun is still filial and affectionate to his younger brother. Therefore, Yao tried to examine Shun's talent with five morals and various official positions, and the result was satisfactory.

Once upon a time, Levin had eight good sons, and the whole world benefited from them, calling them "Eight Kai". Gao Xin's family had eight good sons, who were called "eight yuan" at that time. These sixteen families have been able to pass on the good deeds of their predecessors from generation to generation, and their reputation has never been damaged. In Yao's time, Yao failed to appoint them. Shun appointed the descendants of Bakai to be in charge of land administration, and evaluated the cultivation suitable for growth in various places, but the results were not suitable. He also appointed eight descendants to spread five kinds of ethics in all directions, so as to make father's righteousness, mother's kindness, brother's friend, brother's respect and son's filial piety, family harmony and social harmony.

Once upon a time, Di Hong's son was incompetent, concealed his own good deeds (others') and his own sins, and was good at doing bad things. The whole world calls him "Chaos". The son of Shao Yong, the black sheep of his family, slandered sincerity, detested evil as hatred, was honest and straightforward, and rewarded evil speech. People all over the world call him "Qiong Qi". Zhuan Xu's son is a scum. He refuses to accept the lesson and doesn't know what a good word is. The whole world called him "awkward". These three families have been troubled by people for generations. In Yao's time, no one could expel them. Jinyun's son is a black sheep, gluttonous for good goods and good money. People all over the world call him "gluttonous" and everyone hates him. They compared him with three villains, namely Chaos, Qiong Qi and Lang Lang. Shun was sent to four gates to receive guests, so he exiled the four fierce families and drove them to the most remote places around him to resist the monsters with human faces and animal hearts. As a result, four doors were opened, and it is said that there is no murderer.

Shun entered the primeval forest and didn't get lost in the storm. Yao knew that Shun was enough to entrust the world. Yao abdicated himself, making Shun the son of heaven and touring the world. Shun was highly valued and worked for Yao for 20 years. Yao asked him to act as a political agent. After eight years in politics, Emperor Yao died, and after three years of mourning, he gave way to Danzhu, and everyone in the world surrendered.

Yu, Qi, Hou Ji, Boyi, Wei Xiao, Long, Chui, Yi, Peng Zu and others have all been appointed since the Yao era, but none of them have suitable positions. So Shun went to the ancestral temple to consult with the leaders of the four princes, and opened the city gates on all sides, so as to be informed by all directions; The twelve heads of state were ordered to comment on the emperor's words and deeds, be kind to the people, and listen to those who are not flattering. Shun said to the four princes, "whoever can work hard to make Emperor Yao's career flourish will be appointed as an assistant government." They all said, "Making Apollo an ordinary person can greatly promote the cause of Emperor Yao." Shun said, "Oh, yes! Jade, when you come to harness the soil and water, you must do your duty faithfully! " I bow down and kowtow to Hou Ji, Qi and Three. Shun said, "OK, you go." Shun said: "If you abandon it, the people will have no food, and you will be in charge of agriculture and grow all kinds of grains." Shun said, "Qi, the people are at odds, and parents, brothers and children are at odds. You should be Stuart, and carry out the teaching of the P5 with your heart, but you should take your time. Don't worry. Shun said, "Barbarians disturb China, killing people and stealing goods. You are the judge. The five punishments should be moderate, and the five criminals sentenced should be assigned to three places for execution; The five kinds of exile should have a certain scale, and three kinds of residence should be given to the five kinds of criminals sentenced. Only fairness and honesty can convince people. Shun said, "Who can do my public works well?" "They all said," I can hang up. "So I made it a vertical work. Shun said, "Who can care about the vegetation, birds and animals in my mountain swamp? "They all said," Yes. "So I'm worried about the interests. Yi knelt down and kowtowed, hoping to give it to several colleagues Zhu, Hu, Xiong and Yi. Shun said, "Go ahead, you are the most suitable. Zhu, Hu, Xiong and Bi are lieutenant generals. "。 Shun said, "Four princes, who can preside over my three ceremonies? "They all said," Boyi can. Shun said, "Boyi, you should be careful and respectful sooner or later. Only when you are clear can you be upright. "Boyi wants to give it to Wei Xiao and Dragon. Shun said, "They are good. "Do classic music with genuine talent and practical learning, and teach noble children to be honest and gentle, tolerant and cautious, strong but not tyrannical, relaxed and not negligent. Use poetry to express will, use singing to lengthen voice, use music to set off beautiful singing, and use temperament to adjust music. The sound of all kinds of musical instruments should be harmonious, and the rhythm should not be chaotic, so that God and man can be harmonious. Wei Xiao said, "Ah! I hit the stone pot in different ways, and even the wild animals danced with the pace. Shun said: "Dragon, I hate slander and hypocrisy, harass my people, let you be the mouthpiece of the people, announce laws for me at dawn and dusk, and convey my feelings. Be faithful. " Shun said, "Hey, you 22-year-old, be careful! I must always help God to complete my career. "Once every three years, after three assessments, we were demoted, promoted, alienated and close, so all undertakings were revitalized; And decomposed three seedlings.

These twenty-two people can finish their work. Hao Tao, as a prison officer, can be calm, and everyone is convinced of their sentence. Boyi presided over the etiquette and was humble from top to bottom. Every public project can be completed by the chief engineer. Thanks to the government, hills and swamps have been developed. Abandoning agriculture, all kinds of grains flourish. The contract is Stuart and the people are close. Dragon hosted the reception, and people from afar came to China. Kyushu people dare not avoid where the heads of the twelve states go. Only Yu made the greatest contribution, connecting nine mountains, renovating nine osawa, dredging nine rivers and defining nine states. It is illegal for every state to bring special products to pay tribute. Five thousand square miles of fields, waste clothes leading to the border. The settlement address in the south and the development in the north, Rong, Branch Analysis, the surplus of the canal, the frontier Qiang and Shan Rong in the west, the development and rest in the north, and the long solitary bird in the east. Within the four seas, everyone feels the merits of Emperor Shun. So Yu created music, sent all exotic treasures to China, and Phoenix also performed dances. Dide's praise in the world began in Yu Shun.

Shun had a filial name at the age of 20, Yao was promoted at the age of 30, became the son of heaven at the age of 50, died at the age of 58, and succeeded Emperor Yao at the age of 6/kloc-0. Thirty-nine years after he ascended the throne, he made a southern tour and died in the wilderness of Cangwu. Buried in Jiuyi Mountain, south of the Yangtze River, this is Lingling.

After Shun ascended the throne, he built a flag car for the son of heaven and went to see his father. He is respectful and does not dare to be careless. This is the attitude of the Son of Man towards his parents. Make a brother a vassal.

Shun's son is not smart either. Shun had planned to recommend Yu to heaven (acting as the son of heaven). Died seventeen years later; After three years of mourning, Yu also gave up the position of the son of Emperor Shun, just as Shun gave up the position of the son of Yao. It was not until the princes returned to him that he ascended the throne of the son of heaven. Yao's son, Shun's son, all have fiefs to worship their ancestors, wear their own clothes and use their own rituals and music. Seeing the son of heaven as a distinguished guest and not treating them as his own lieutenants shows that he dare not own the world.

From the Yellow Emperor to Shun and Yu, they all share the same surname, but they all changed their country names to show their virtue. So the Yellow Emperor is a bear, Zhuan Xu is Levin, Di Ku is Gao Xin, Emperor Yao is Tao Tang, and Emperor Shun is dangerous. Yu is, but his surname is quasi-surname. The deed is a business, and the surname is Zishi. Abandoned as Zhou, surnamed Ji.

Tai Shigong said: "Most scholars say that the five emperors are too old. However, Shangshu only recorded the events since Yao; However, hundreds of narratives about the Yellow Emperor are not elegant and smooth, and adults and gentlemen can't explain them clearly. Zaiyu asked Wudi De, the surname of the Emperor. Generally, Confucian scholars think that it is not Confucius' words, so they don't teach them. I used to go west to Kongtong, north to Zhuolu, east to the sea and south to the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. Wherever I went, my elders often mentioned the land of Huangdi and Yaoshun, but their customs and education were different. Generally speaking, it is more true not to recite the ancient Chinese book Shangshu. I read Spring and Autumn Annals and Mandarin, and found that the places where the virtues of five emperors and imperial surnames can be invented are great, but I usually don't delve into them. On the surface, it's true. Shangshu is incomplete and has many omissions, but what it left behind can often be found in other records. If you are not diligent and thoughtful, you can understand the truth in your heart. Of course, it's hard to tell ignorant people. I want to say together now, I chose the most elegant one, so it is the first one in the book. "