What are the five elements in the year of Xin Chou, and what gold are the five elements in the year of Xin Chou?

I'm Tang Di, a history lover. Welcome everyone to talk with me about ancient and modern times and discuss the general trend of the world. A gentleman's life is only for learning!

1. Why is the year of the ox only 354 days in the lunar calendar-counting from the leap month?

The celestial phenomena often observed by the ancients are the appearance of the sun and the profit and loss of the moon, so the cycle of alternating day and night is regarded as "day" and the cycle of phase change of the moon as "month" (called new moon in modern times). As for the concept of "year", it was originally formed by the phenology of crop maturity. Shuowen said: "In the year, the five grains are ripe." If the grain maturity refers to the period from cold to summer, then it is the time when the earth revolves around the sun, which is called the solar year in modern times.

The calendar with the new moon as the unit and the calendar with the solar year as the unit is the solar calendar. The ancient calendar in China was not a pure lunar calendar, but a solar calendar. In the 12 month of a normal year, there are six big months, each with 30 days, and six small months, each with 29 days, which makes a total of ***354 days. But this number of days is less than a solar year. Yao Dian in Shangshu said: "There are six days every sixty years", but in fact, the period of the four seasons is about 365, which is about11day longer than the days in the twelfth lunar month. After three years, there is a difference of more than one month, so three years will leap for one month, and the average length of such a calendar year is about equal to one solar year. Yao Dian said, "You will be 20 years old at four o'clock in the leap month", which is what it means.

The ancients attached great importance to setting leap. "Zuo Wen Zhuan's Six Years" said: "When you are right, when you are doing things right, do things well, so the way to make people live is there." It is not enough to leap once every three years, but twice every five years, so Shuowen says "leap again in five years". Jump a little more than twice in five years. Later, it was stipulated that nineteen years would be a leap of seven months. According to the existing literature, the leap month was set in the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, usually at the end of the year, called "March". At that time, the country didn't customize it, and sometimes it danced once a year, so there would be "April". In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was no leap in a year. In the early Han Dynasty, leap was placed after September, which was called "the last September". This is because the Qin system was followed at that time, with October as the beginning and September as the end of the year. In ancient times, there were leap years in the middle of a year, such as March and June. When you jump without jumping, it is called "missing jump"

Since 2022 is the year of China boxer, there is a leap month, so the Lunar New Year in 2022 is a normal year, and there is no leap month.

Second, the chronology of cadres and branches

When did the main branch originate? It is still difficult to give an exact answer. However, the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins in the past hundred years contains a large number of records of dry branches and branches used to record the sun. It shows that the calendar of dry branches was widely used as early as the Shang Dynasty, so the production of dry branches should be earlier than that of the Shang Dynasty. Now everyone thinks that the branches and branches in the Spring and Autumn Period are in the same strain as the branches and branches today, which can be confirmed by the records of the branches and branches of the next day in Spring and Autumn Annals. In recent years, according to the branches contained in Eclipse of Yin Ruins, it is inferred that the date of branches is continuous from the beginning of the stock market to the present.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches, the main branch for short, originated from the observation of astronomical phenomena in ancient China. The original ten dry characters are: Fufeng, Youmeng, Ruanzhao, Qiang Qiang, Zhu Yong, Tu Wei, Zhang Shang, Chongguang, Xuannuo and Zhao Yang. Twelve branches said: sleepy, red heart, taking photos, single-handedly, Xu Bao, Yeluo, Dunyi, Qitan, Dayuanxian. Therefore, the year of the ox in the lunar calendar is also called the year of the ox.

Simplified heavenly stems and earthly branches:? Party A, Party B, Party C, Party D, Party E, Party B, Party G, Party A, Party B, Party C and Party B? This is called ten-day work. Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai? It's called the twelve earthly branches. Ten stems and twelve branches are combined into sixty units in turn, which is called sixty jiazi.

It is worth noting that the ancients did not calculate the date of a month like modern people. But according to the 60 nail cycle. For example, each unit represents one day, assuming that one day is Jiazi Day, then the days after Jiazi are pushed to Ebo, Bingyin, Ding Mao and so on in turn. The days before Jiazi were reversed to Guihai, Ren Xu and Xinyou. Sixty jiazi goes round and round. This method of marking the sun can be traced back to the time of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

The ancients usually used ordinal numbers to record months, such as January, February and March. The month in which a year begins is called Zheng Yue. In the pre-Qin era, every month seemed to have a specific name, such as Meng Wei in the first month (The Songs of Chu), Si Si in April (The Book of Songs), Xuan in September (Guoyu) and Yang in October (The Book of Songs). The ancients also had the concept of "building the moon", that is, matching twelve branches, such as Zi Chou, with twelve months, and taking November (summer calendar), where winter is usually located, as the month of building the son, thus deducing that December is the month of building the ugly, the first month is the month of building the ugly, February is the month of building the sea, and so on. As for observing the moon with the combination of heaven and earth, that is later.

In ancient China, the earliest chronology was based on the year when the princes ascended the throne. For example, 770 BC was recorded as the first year of Zhou Pingwang and the eighth year of Qin Xianggong. The ordinal numbers of yuan, two and three have been passed on to the throne of the old monarch.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to use the year numbers, such as the first year of Jianyuan and the third year of Yuanguang, which were also handed down by the ordinal numbers of Yuan, II and III. When the year numbers changed, they were changed. These two chronologies are traditional chronologies used by historians in the past.

During the Warring States period, astronomical astrologers had the so-called star-year chronology method according to the astronomical phenomena, with the tail referring to the end of the year and the year referring to the old age. The following are described separately.

Let's talk about chronology first.

The ancients divided the day around the ecliptic into twelve equal parts, and named it Jixing and Xuanzhi twelve times from west to east. The ancients believed that the old star circled the sky from west to east for twelve years and passed through the stars once a year. If a certain year-old star moves within the range of astrology, this year will be recorded as "the end of the year", the year-old star of the next year will be recorded as "the end of the year", and the rest will be repeated for twelve years.

"Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Thirty Years" said: "The death of Yu Zijiao will also be buried, and Sun and Bi will meet early. A person who has passed the exam has a bad habit on his door. Yu Zi said, "Do you still care about its weeds? Therefore, the years are passing by, and "Your trip is also a fire" in Mandarin Today Four is an example of dating by years.

Let's talk about the traditional chronological method.

The ancients had the concept of twelve immortals, that is, twelve equal parts of a week near the ecliptic were matched from east to west with twelve branches such as Zi Ugly Yin Mao, and the arrangement direction and order were just the opposite of the twelve immortals. The comparison between them is as follows:

The year-old star runs from west to east, just contrary to the direction and order of the twelve dates we are familiar with, so it is not convenient to apply the year-old star chronology in real life. For this reason, ancient astronomers invented a fake year-old star called Tai Sui, so let it be a real year-old star! "run counter to", so it is consistent with the direction of the twelfth birthday, used for date and year. According to the astronomical records of the Warring States recorded in Hanshu Chunqiu, the stars were in the astrology in a certain year, and the wood (yin) was analyzed in the old age. This year is "too old to be in the shade", next year's star is in the dark, too old to be in the fire (hair), this year is "too old to be in the hair", and so on.

In addition, the ancients also used the twelve-year-old titles, such as Sheti Pavilion and Shankui, as the names of twelve years, such as "Tai sui carries Yin" and "Tai sui carries Mao". Qu Yuan's Lisao: "She was born in Meng Xi, but I was born in Gengyin". It is generally believed that the photo here is a photo label as the name of Tai Sui, indicating that Qu Yuan was born in the year of "Tai Sui in Yin"; Refers to the first month of the summer calendar; Gengyin is the main branch of birthday. In this way, Qu Yuan's birthday happened to be a cloudy day in silver moon the following year.

Seeing here, we will find that ancient calendars in China are closely related to astronomy. In fact, the ancients told us long ago that "time" is determined by heaven, but "profit" should be obtained from "land"

The following table shows the corresponding relationship between twelve Tai sui years, such as Sheti Pavilion and Shankui, and the location of Tai sui and Sui Xing:

During the Western Han Dynasty, the Li family took ten surnames, such as Kuifeng and Yimeng, which were called Suiyang, and matched with the above twelve traditional surnames (the predecessor of Sixty Jiazi) in turn, making it 60 years, with Kuifeng as one year, Yimeng as two years, and so on, and the sixty years were repeated. Historical Records Jia Zi, Li Shu, Li Shu, has been used since the first year of Taichu (BC 104).

Therefore, if we replace it with dry branches, the valve can be called Jiayin Year, Yimeng Year can be called Mao Yinian, and so on. At first, these chronological names were created to reflect the position of the year-by-year constant stars, but later it was found that the year-by-year stars did not walk a whole circle, and using them to date the years could not reflect the actual year-by-year astronomical phenomena, so they were abandoned and dated in 60 years. Some people in later generations used these ancient names to compare them according to the branches of the year.

For example, Ma Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian (Volume 176) and Chen Ji said, "From the beginning, we will do our best, and we will spend five years on the beach", that is, five years from Chen Jia to Wu Shen. Zhu Yizun, a writer in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote in Ode to Confucius: "In Guangdong, Tu Weiyue's time is bad, and I am in the East. As for the source, "it was actually in my own year.

Generally speaking, the chronology of cadres and branches originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the 60-year-old children went round and round, and it has never been interrupted until now. From this, we can push it up and know what it is in an ancient year. It should be noted that the years before the Western Han Dynasty recorded in the general historical chronology were added by later generations.

Third, the meaning of heavenly stems and earthly branches matches the Chinese zodiac.

The meaning of ten days' work:

According to Records of the Historian, Law Book and Shuowen Jiezi, etc. It can be interpreted as: a: when plants break their armor; B: during buckling growth; C: When the weather is clear; Ding: the era of Ding Zhuang; E: when it is abundant; Ego: in the time of knowledge; G: when it is mature; Xin: when updating; Ren: When pregnant; Deck: When flapping.

This clearly shows that the dry weather is the phenology of one year 10 seasons.

The twelve branches mean:

According to Shi Ming, Historical Records, Laws and Explanations of Characters, the meaning of twelve names is: Zi: the time when all things multiply; Ugly: when the distortion sprouts; Yin: when the bud grows; Mao: when the ground breaks and seedlings emerge; Chen: When stretching and growing; Rudder: when the yang is strong; Noon: at the time of alternation; No: when trying new things; Shen: When mature; You: when cooking wine; Cheng: When you are old and yellow; Sea; At the time of collection. Therefore, the twelve branches also clearly show the 12 seasons of plant growth in a year.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches should be two different seasons and two different calendar systems. The heavenly stems belong to the solar calendar and the earthly branches belong to the lunar calendar, so astronomers in the Jin Dynasty called the heavenly stems the sun and the earthly branches the moon. Erya Shi Tian called the heavenly stems the moon and the sun, and the earthly branches the name of the moon. Tiangan is the name of the solar calendar, which is divided into 10 months with 36 days each month. The earthly branch is the name of the lunar month. Heavenly stems and earthly branches group formed a cycle of 60 numbers, which was used to record the sun, and later used to record the year and month, which may be the creation of Yin Shang people.

In order to overcome the inconvenience of remembering the Chinese zodiac, people have created 12 animals, such as rats, cows, tigers, rabbits, dragons, snakes, horses, sheep, monkeys, chickens, dogs and pigs, to replace the Chinese zodiac. They have a fixed correspondence with the Chinese zodiac and are not easily confused. Because these 12 common animals have real feelings and are easy to be remembered and accepted by the masses, they quickly spread around the world and are still popular today.

How to finally determine the arrangement order of the zodiac and how to determine its corresponding relationship with the twelve branches of the zodiac is not clearly recorded in ancient literature. The story of the so-called bull-mouse race is not credible. These relationships may have developed gradually. Famous sentences in classical literature, such as "Long Wei" and "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Wu Year" in Xiaoya, and "It's a good day, my horse is poor", may be the cause of the corresponding relationship between the zodiac and the twelve earthly branches, which is related to who has the first question; Animals and livestock with similar physical characteristics or often together, such as dragons and snakes, horses and sheep, chickens, dogs, pigs, etc. , are naturally arranged together; We should also consider the relationship between the five elements and each other.

In addition, if the tiger matches the yin, it is related to the tiger worship in Xiqiang. They take the tiger moon as the first month, and the tiger is expensive, so it is the first month. In short, the formation of the zodiac order is influenced by many factors.

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The above has something to do with what the Five Elements are, and it is about the sharing of meat ganoderma lucidum. After reading what gold the five elements belong to in the year of Xin Chou, I hope this will help everyone!