Traditional festivals of Han nationality

Before the Spring Festival, it was called New Year's Day, commonly known as New Year's Day to 15th. From 0: 00 on the first day, every household sets off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. At dawn, rural women went to the well (river) to "grab new water". On this day, people generally don't visit relatives and friends or kill animals. Some people eat quickly. Whether in urban or rural areas, there is a habit of posting Spring Festival couplets and posting doors. People go out to meet and say "Happy New Year" and "Congratulations on getting rich" to each other. Dragon and lion dances have been held in this city since the beginning of the year. The name of the dragon dance is "Xianglong"; The lion dancer is called "Ruishi". Before the dragon and lion set out, they sent posts to various businesses and big stores, informing them that the dragon and lion team was coming to pay a New Year call. As soon as the Dragon and Lion Team arrived in front of the door, the shopkeeper set off a string of firecrackers nearby. When the big lion leans back and the little lion moves forward, he sets off firecrackers and throws them at the little lion, commonly known as "burning the lion". After burning the lion, the martial arts team went forward to perform martial arts, and then the layman stretched out a bamboo pole from the window of the high-rise building, hung a big "Li" with a lettuce, and let the lion dancers climb up their own big bamboo pole while dancing, or folded it into a ladder, and the lion was carried on it, commonly known as "grabbing the green". Take off Li and set off a string of firecrackers to show off. Others came into the house to dance the lion, which is called "mopping up", which means to sweep away evil spirits. The annual lion and dragon dances last until the Lantern Festival. Young men and women in rural areas often go out to play together and watch bullfighting and other recreational activities in spring. On the second day of the lunar new year, every household gets up early in the morning to kill chickens and make hot zongzi to worship the gods. In rural areas, it is called "opening the year". Relatives and friends greet each other. Generally, the younger generation goes to their elders' homes to pay New Year's greetings with gifts. On this day, married women also bring their husbands and children back to their parents' homes for the Spring Festival. The gift they bring must be a big capon. Other families also prepare zongzi, rice cakes, rice candy, glutinous rice cakes and other foods to send back, which is called "sending New Year tea". If the daughter doesn't have a baby, the bride's family must send an arrow to congratulate her: "Add an arrow pedicle this year" (that is, give birth to a boy). If the bride comes back, add two more sugar cane, which means wishing the bride a sweet life. The seventh day is People's Day, and the old man said it was everyone's birthday. On this morning, every household fried rice cakes, fried rice noodles and hot zongzi. In the evening, we also kill chickens and hold banquets. In the countryside, on 12 and 13, we gathered in the temple to watch the performances of Spring Nuo and Shigong Opera. On the fifteenth day of the Lantern Festival, the family held a banquet in the countryside to kill chickens and prepare meat for ancestor worship. Lantern in the town. There is a custom of "stealing vegetables" during the day, that is, stealing vegetables from other gardens, especially like stealing onions, garlic or celery, thinking that eating them will make you smart and diligent. It is said that if someone is found to abuse loudly when stealing green, the bad luck will be transferred to the abusive person, so the owner will not say anything even if he sees it.

On the second day of the second month of the birthday of the land, the Han people in the countryside killed chickens and ducks to worship the gods and offered sacrifices to the landlords at Fude Temple. On this day, the Han people in Shangyao area put the land god at the exit of the stream in front of the village to protect the wealth in the village from flowing out. In the city, it is generally written in red paper at the foot of the front door of the house as a land god to worship.

A few days before and after the Qingming Festival in Tomb-Sweeping Day, every household cooked five-color glutinous rice and prepared sacrifices to worship the mountain (that is, to sweep the grave) to worship the ancestors. Now people also go to the martyrs' cemetery and the martyrs' monument to visit graves and cherish the glorious achievements of revolutionary martyrs.

On the eighth day of April, there is a folk proverb in Tanzhou Mandarin: On the eighth day of April, eat "Lhasa" (that is, garbage). According to legend, this day is the birthday of the drug king of Shennong. Shennong tasted all kinds of drugs and cured all the diseases. Therefore, some women go to the suburbs on this day to pick plants such as stinky vines, Chinese Pulsatilla and wild mugwort leaves, and make glutinous rice cakes with sugar and rice flour, which is called "Lhasa". It is said that it can treat all diseases.

The Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of May, also known as "Duanyang", "Dragon Boat Festival" and "Dragon Boat Festival". On this day, every family wraps glutinous rice with reed leaves into Yangjiao Zongzi, also known as Liangzong or Triangle Zongzi. People also use moxa to make monkey-shaped or triangular sachets and hang them on children's chests to prevent diseases; Some small net bags made of red velvet silk contain a smelly bead (that is, a smelly pill); Others use realgar, smelly yellow, cinnabar and other traditional Chinese medicines wrapped in small cloth bags embroidered with red and green animal patterns and auspicious words, which are called sachets. Children with sachets on their chests were taken to the river by their elders to watch the dragon boat race. Therefore, there is a nursery rhyme in Nanning: "Tuan Tuan Yuan, Ju Yuan, Grandma carrying me (watching) the dragon boat ……" After dinner, the family used herbs bought from the street that day, such as cattail, mugwort leaves, fruit leaves of wine cakes and vegetables on the roadside, to boil water for a bath, saying that they could cure skin diseases, dispel evil spirits and drink realgar wine, saying that they could detoxify; Or put cinnabar powder on the child's forehead, saying that it can prevent sores.

On the sixth day of June, every household in the countryside cooks with new rice, which is called "Food Festival". On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, the cook slaughtered the meat and went to Tiantou to worship the ancestors, praying for a bumper harvest in the future. People also take their clothes and quilts outdoors to expose themselves to the sun, so there is a folk proverb "June 6th, the sun is red and green".

Mid-Autumn Festival falls on July 14, so this festival is mainly dedicated to the late ancestors, so it is also called "Ghost Festival". Festival customs are basically the same as those of Zhuang nationality.

On August 15, Mid-Autumn Festival, relatives and friends are used to feeding each other with moon cakes. Married a daughter and bought moon cakes, grapefruit and so on. In the evening, the whole family gets together. Moon cakes, tea, honey pomelo, peanuts, taro with nine claws and other foods are placed in the sky to burn incense and worship the moon god. The Han people in Nanning call it enjoying the moon. Children parade in the street with lanterns, such as golden toad, monkey, white rabbit, carp, plane and lantern, for fun. Some children also hollowed out sour pomelo, inserted lighted candles, carved four money holes in the empty pomelo peel, and kicked and rolled around in the street, which is called "peeling the lamp" (namely grapefruit lamp). Some also use a piece of grapefruit skin to insert candles on the "light boat" dragged by three or four-year-old children. In the rural areas in the northwest suburbs, unmarried young people still have the custom of worshipping ten sisters or ten brothers on festivals.

On the ninth Double Ninth Festival in September, Han people have the custom of climbing mountains together. On this day, people enjoy Cornus officinalis, drink chrysanthemum wine and go to the suburbs to climb mountains and fly kites to relax.

At the beginning of October, there was a folk custom of offering sacrifices to ancestors, and the burial clothes were cut off and sent to the ancestral graves for incineration, which was called "sending cold clothes".

The first ten days of October are considered "perfect". On this morning, city people like to cook a pot of carambola and mustard to pray for winter. In rural areas, there is also the custom of worshipping mountains and ancestors to sweep graves.

The winter solstice festival is usually called "Winter" or "Winter Worship Festival". The Han people in Nanning generally have the custom of the winter solstice festival, so there is a saying that "the New Year is celebrated in winter". On this day, in addition to making dumplings, families also prepare three sacrifices to worship their ancestors and hold a family gathering in the evening.

Kitchen God's birthday is1February 23rd (there is also 24th), which is said to be Kitchen God's birthday. On this day, Master Zhao Jun asked Heaven to report his feelings to the Jade Emperor. The owner offered him a full meal with Ciba and three offerings of wine, sealed his mouth with Ciba, and bought him a paper horse to ride in the sky to prevent him from talking nonsense in front of the Jade Emperor. There is a pair of couplets written on both sides of the paper horse: "Heaven speaks well, but peace speaks quietly". I hope the chef will speak for the residents. Then a sacrificial ceremony was held to take the chef back and protect the whole family. This festival has always been valued by people, so there is a saying among the people that "the four seasons in the world are the first, and the five sacrificial stoves on earth are the first".

1February 30th is the last day of the year, commonly known as "Lunar New Year's Eve". Most people who work outside will go home and have a happy reunion before this day. On this night, every family killed chickens and prepared wine to worship ancestors and gods, praying for a new year with rich financial resources and a safe and happy family. After the sacrifice, the whole family will hold a banquet with rich dishes. Among them, there must be a fish and more vegetables, which can be a good omen of "more than one year". On the outskirts of Shangyao, the Han family also vertically placed two sugarcane with heads and tails (green leaves) in the inner corner of the house, indicating that in the new year, the family should aim high and be self-reliant. Every household also sticks door gods and Spring Festival couplets. That night, old people often don't sleep, which is called "keeping the age". After the children get lucky money, they are all waiting to cook zongzi. Make zongzi (meaning to win fame), make rice cakes (meaning good luck) and steam rice cakes (meaning high every year) during the Spring Festival. At midnight, firecrackers exploded, meaning "welcome the new year and the new year".