Life of Nanping people

Traditional dress customs in Nanping. At the beginning of the Republic of China, the general public wore big breasts and short sleeves, while the gentry wore robes and mandarin jackets as dresses. Women wear knee-length robes and trousers with big skirts and lace. /kloc-after the 1920s, men in intellectual circles mostly wore tunic suits and women wore cheongsam. Boys wear three-pocket student clothes, while girls wear blue or white tops and black skirts. In the 1930s, junior high school students wore yellow boy scout costumes. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, men wore gray or blue tunic suits and women wore Lenin suits. During the Cultural Revolution, both male and female students and cadres wore grass-green military uniforms. In the 1980s, clothing was diversified. Men were popular in suits, jackets and jeans, while women wore various styles of dresses. Students are interested in uniforms.

Shoes and hats

The traditional custom of wearing shoes and hats in Nanping. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, men wore shoes and hats with double noses, cloth clogs, melon hats or gauze hats in rainy days, and gentry and intellectuals wore hats. In the 1940s, clogs were gradually replaced by rubber rain boots and various rubber-soled sports shoes, and leather shoes became popular among intellectuals. In 1950s, most students and cadres wore gray or grass-green hats and liberation shoes. In the 1980s, caps and sneakers were popular among men, and high heels were popular among women. Shoes and hats in the 1990s, combining the essence of Europe and America, have thousands of styles.

hairstyle

Nanping traditional hairstyle. In the Qing dynasty, the man's Tianmen was shaved and left a long braid behind his head; Girls wear short braids, and women wear a bun. During the Republic of China, the government ordered braid cutting. Men cut their hair flat or parted, while women cut their hair shoulder-length. In the 1940s, some fashionable women had perms. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, few people had perms in the 1970s. In the 1980s, it was fashionable for young men to wear long hair and a bun, while it was fashionable for women to perm Hong Kong-style hairstyles.

gemstone

Traditional customs of Nanping city. During the Republic of China, it was popular for women to wear earrings, rings, hairpins and bracelets. From 1950s to 1970s, few people wore them. Since 1980s, it has become more and more popular to wear earrings, rings and necklaces. Brides and grooms in towns must wear rings.

prescribe a diet

Traditional dietary customs in Nanping city. Three meals a day, the staple food is rice, supplemented by sweet potatoes in the old days, supplemented by pasta today. Add a snack in the morning and afternoon during the busy farming season. Every household has the habit of pickles. Ordinary three dishes 1 soup. Fruits include sesame paste, rice fruit, pearl fruit, yellow soda cake, ginkgo, rice cake, Melaleuca cake, Ququ fruit and so on. In 1950s, bread and jiaozi were introduced from the north. Use various festivals to supplement the body. Adjusting Chinese herbal medicines also has the custom of eating pig's brain for headache, pig's feet for fatigue, pig's heart for heart disease, pig's lung for lung disease and pig's belly for pregnant women with stomach discomfort. After 80s, pay attention to the fitness eating method of "eat well early, eat well at noon and eat less at night".

building contruction

Traditional building custom in Nanping. In the old days, Mr. Feng Shui was asked to choose a good address and pay special attention to "Shangliang". Choose an auspicious day for "Liang Mu" on the mountain, wrap both ends of the beam with red paper, lay a red carpet in the middle of the beam, and fire a gun to carry it back, which is called "Liang Ying". Before putting on the beam, the "seven treasures" such as hemp, beans, wheat and money in the little red bag should be hung on the beam, with "Eight Diagrams" in the middle and zongzi, red wine, millet and money at both ends. When lifting the beam, the teacher of Yin and Yang or the "Living Luban" blew the gong and read the words "Good luck on the beam, prosperous fortune", and then sprinkled his zongzi, steamed stuffed bun, popcorn, peanuts and candy. The onlookers scrambled for food, which was very lively, meaning "New bloom" and "lucky strike". Slaughtering pigs and sheep that night and hosting a banquet for carpenters, masons and relatives and friends are called "drinking wine".

room

The custom of traditional houses in Nanping. In the old days, it was generally a single-story tile house with civil structure, with several rooms in one hall, which was symmetrical from left to right and floated outside the eaves. Wooden stools and stone stools were erected under the eaves for outdoor rest. Choose to sit facing south and avoid the wind and sun. If the gate faces a thoroughfare, a sign "Mount Tai Shi Gandang" should be erected on the roof to avoid the wind. Rich people's houses are all brick and wood structures, with earth walls, gables on both sides capped, which can be carved with bricks, and some are painted with columns, which are magnificent and elegant. Three-dimensional structures are mostly beam-lifting and bucket-hanging. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, rural areas developed in the direction of brick-wood structure, 4 vertical (5 vertical), and towns developed in the direction of brick-wood structure, concrete and frame structure. 1 Room in Hall 1 or Room 3-4 in Hall 2 has a bathroom.

Hexinju

The traditional custom of moving to Nanping. After the completion of the new house, choose a good day to move it. The whole family, old and young, must leave their hometown at the same time. When they leave their hometown, they light incense and set off firecrackers, which is called "Xie Ju". When you arrive at the new house, light torches or lanterns, connect the fire to the new house and pray for prosperity. When you enter the new house, you should also light candles and firecrackers and hold a banquet to entertain guests.

Play finger guessing.

Symmetrical strokes, punches, chess pieces. The traditional customs of Nanping's wine fighting drama. Usually two people fight, and the order begins. Everyone shouted out the number 1- 10 and held out their fingers accordingly. Whoever shouts a number that matches the sum of the fingers of both sides wins and the other side drinks a glass of wine. Three or six glasses of wine is a round. If you lose all six punches, you will get a 1 glass of wine. The host takes turns guessing fists at the whole table of banquet friends, calling it "playing customs clearance". A third party intervenes to support the losing party, which is called "punching in". Some people don't want to shout, and talk about the level by fixing the odd and even numbers of the sum of two indexes. This is the so-called "dumb boxing". With the index finger and middle finger as scissors-shaped symbols, the horseshoe as cloth-shaped symbol and the fist as stone-shaped symbol, it is called "stone scissors cloth fist". Clench your fist and let your opponent guess if there is anything else in the hall. This is called "guessing whether there is a fist". There is an established "one word guess". There are also "fast boxing" and "slow boxing". The number of calls from 1 to 10 is as follows: 1. Respect with one heart, respect with one son, and promotion with one son; Second, two brothers are good, two are new, two are beautiful and two are good; The third is Sanma, Taoyuan has won three consecutive championships and three stars are shining high; Four seasons of red, four seasons of hair, four seasons of happiness, four seasons of peace; Fifth, Hardware Kui, Hardware Kui, Wuzi Deng Ke and five blessings, and sixth, Liuhe Shun and Liuhe Lai; Seven is seven cleverness, seven cleverness and seven cleverness; Eight is eight immortals floating, eight or eight rounds; Nine is nine years old, come on, nine times nine; Ten are family photos, and the room is full. They are all here, and ten are full. Use different auspicious words, congratulations, offensive and defensive words to match, endless, nameless are losers.

Take a ferry

Changes of traditional customs in Nanping city. If the boat is on the other side, give me an "I" at the ferry, and the ferry will answer. The stem and rudder should cooperate tacitly, greet each other and watch gestures. Long-distance boating, setting off firecrackers once after crossing the dangerous beach to celebrate, taking a boat or being a guest on a boat, don't put chopsticks on an empty bowl when eating, and pour the spoon upside down, which is considered ominous.

be engaged in

Traditional marriage customs in Nanping city. Also known as "making decisions", men should make meatballs (meaning reunion) and prepare six bowls of dishes (meaning Liuhe Liushun) to entertain matchmakers and relatives and friends. Put the engagement jewelry, the "Gankun Book" attached by both men and women, and Liuxiang dried fruit in a special "red bucket" and send it to the woman's home by tracing people. The woman's family also prepared six kinds of banquets for matchmakers and relatives and friends. After 1970s, there were two kinds of engagement ceremonies: big engagement and small engagement. "Big decision" means that both men and women hold a breakfast banquet and the woman prepares a luncheon. After the young men and women are engaged, the elders of the male (female) family should send "meeting gifts" respectively, and the engagement gifts are still sent to the woman's house by the matchmaker, but the custom of carrying red buckets has been abolished. Xiaoding doesn't invite guests, but young men and women meet and exchange souvenirs to discuss marriage.

Send and paste

Also known as hiring and sending "daily bills", or "sending money". Traditional marriage customs in Nanping city. When the man prepares breakfast, he invites relatives and friends, gives the matchmaker a red sticker with the wedding date and dowry, and sends it to the woman's house. The heavier the engagement fee, the more decent the man is. If the woman doesn't accept or accept less gifts, it is considered as "demeaning herself" and will not be "valued" when she goes to the man's house in the future. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the gift money was abolished. In the 1960s, the wave of bride price resurfaced. In rural areas, there is a circulation of "Liu Liu" (bride price 360 yuan, 6 sets of clothes, 60 Jin of red wine, 60 Jin of pork, 360 Jin of fish and 360 eggs), and the money and goods of the bride price should be combined into six, as well as sewing machines, gift machines and watches. In the 1980s and 1990s, we still needed color TV sets, refrigerators, washing machines and gold jewelry.

Pick up the bride (in a sedan chair) for the wedding.

Traditional marriage customs in Nanping city. Three days before the wedding, the man will give the woman a cloak, a bun and so on. The day before the wedding, the man's family will send an altar of "parting wine" to the woman's family. When a daughter gives birth to a child, her family will use this jar to deliver wine to her daughter. On National Day, the man hired a sedan chair to drum music, carried a big lantern to the woman's house to greet the bride, and carried the bride's dowry with him. At noon, the woman's family held a "mother banquet" to send the bride. In the afternoon, the bride will cut her hair, dress up, put on new embroidered shoes and robes, tie them in a bun, bid farewell to her parents and elders, and then be carried by her father and brother in a sedan chair. Some want to "get married in tears" to show that they are "two families" from now on; Some brides have to change a pair of earth shoes when they get on the sedan chair, which means not to take away their parents' "Feng Shui". The bride's younger brother was called "uncle" in the sedan chair to see her off. Drums beat all the way, and firecrackers kept ringing. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), old customs such as sedan chair have been abolished. The bride was greeted by the groom and accompanied by several girlfriends. One of them went to the man's house with an umbrella or in a decorated wedding car.

wedding

Traditional marriage customs in Nanping city. In the old days, when the sedan chair went to the man's house, the groom had to stand on the balcony to show that "men are superior to women." At the same time, firecrackers are set off in front of the door to pick up the bride, and salt is sprinkled in the brazier to make a loud noise, which is the symbol of "lucky strike". The bride got off the sedan chair and gave the boy a bunch of dried longan to show "complete happiness and a full house of children and grandchildren". The master of ceremonies led the newcomers into the hall to pay tribute to the drums. That is, one worships heaven and earth, one worships Gaotang, and three couples worship each other. Then worship the elders and in-laws, and everyone who is worshipped should give gifts. Then the wedding reception began, the band played music and sang wine, the younger brother took the lead into the hall, and the groom went to the banquet to propose a toast. The bride, led by her mother, toasted her relatives (some people offered tea after the party). According to the order of generations, elders should give gifts, commonly known as "meeting gifts." The bride's in-laws want to give her little brother a red envelope. After the ceremony, send the bride to the bridal chamber, raise a glass and drink, and then hold a banquet. In some cases, every time a dish is served, the bride has to change a dress to pay tribute to the guests. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this custom was abolished.

(of relatives and friends) teasing the newlyweds on their wedding night.

When a couple enters the bridal chamber, relatives and friends of all ages can go to the bridal chamber to amuse the newlyweds. Ask the bride and groom to perform. As the saying goes, "the bride is not big for three days" and "the more noisy she is, the happier she is", which aims to increase the lively atmosphere, but some people break up because of rude banter. Before going to bed, please ask your elders to recite auspicious words and throw money and colorful fruits on the bed, commonly known as "throwing the bed", in order to give birth to "your son" as soon as possible. The light in the bridal chamber was on that night. If someone steals the bride's embroidered shoes and clothes, the groom has to redeem the wine the next day. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the custom of throwing beds and stealing shoes has been abolished.

(of a newlywed wife) going to her parents' home with her newlywed husband.

Traditional marriage customs in Nanping city. On the third day, the newlyweds went back to their parents' home in a sedan chair to visit their parents-in-law. When I went back, the woman was in front and the man was in the back. When I came back, the man was in front and the woman was in the back. My father-in-law invited me to stay for Chinese food, and my husband invited me to stay for dinner. Relatives and friends of the bride will give the groom a meeting gift. Three days later, the new wife began to do housework in the kitchen. At the full moon wedding, the bride's family sent red household appliances. Before the New Year's Eve that year, I sent new year's goods to my parents-in-law. In the first month of the following year, the relatives of the man invited the bride, and the relatives of the woman invited the groom, commonly known as the bride. Relatives don't accept candy from the bride and groom.

(of a man) marry and live in her mother's house.

Also known as "recruiting talents" and "recruiting relatives". Traditional marriage customs in Nanping city. A man "marries" a woman's house, mostly because the woman's house lacks labor, or there is no son to continue, and the husband is the son, and the family is still a continuation of incense. After marriage, the man does not need any economic expenses. Most of the furniture and banquets are arranged by the woman, and the man only subsidizes the woman with a certain amount of money. Before adoption, both parents should conclude an adoption contract, one for each party. The eldest son takes the mother's surname. If only one son is born, the two surnames are shared. If the mistress goes to the woman's house, Wuyishan area is called "home".

grow

Traditional birth customs in Nanping city. When a daughter is pregnant after marriage, she is called "Xi", and her mother's family wants to give her pig's belly and eggs to eat. Dressing the baby with clothes, shoes and hats before giving birth, commonly known as "health". After giving birth, the son-in-law must send the eggs and wine to her mother's house within three days to report the good news. The spout of the wine is round, indicating the birth of a boy; Flower cutting means giving birth to a girl. In-laws took chicken, rabbits, eggs and other nutritious foods to visit their daughters and grandchildren. In-laws give eggnog sent by their son-in-law to relatives and friends, and relatives and friends make "third birthdays" on the third day of confinement, also called "third birthdays" and "three dynasties" to commemorate the child's first birthday. Please name your elders.

Celebrate the birth of a baby when he is one month old.

Traditional birth customs in Nanping city. When a baby arrives in Zhou Yue, it is a "full moon". The head of the full moon should be shaved, and a full moon banquet should be held to invite relatives and friends who give gifts. During the dinner, the baby in the bag met all his relatives and friends. All the relatives and friends praised him and wished him health and intelligence. A meal is over.

One year old.

Traditional birth customs in Nanping city. Baby's first birthday, close relatives give gifts to congratulate, commonly known as "send the week." At noon, put Four Treasures of the Study, abacus, sword, etc. On the screen, sitting on the screen with your baby in your arms and letting it touch things on the screen, commonly known as "grasping the week". What a baby touches for the first time indicates his future ambition. For example, touching a pen and a book indicates a good article, and touching an abacus indicates a good business, so as to come to Doby to have fun, grasp the week, have a feast at the table, and break up.

Shouqing

Traditional birthday celebration custom in Nanping. Yanping celebrates her birthday every year from the baby's full moon. The simplest way is to boil two eggs, 1 bowl of noodles, to show "peace". Every birthday in Songxi area is "10", that is, birthdays of 10, 20 and 30 years old are called "birthdays", but at the age of 40, they agreed not to do it because they were afraid of "4", so they said "death" in this place. In Wuyishan area, girls have the habit of celebrating their birthdays at the age of 20 before marriage. Generally, people celebrate their birthdays at the age of 50, and every tenth birthday. At the age of 50, it is called "Five Ranks Rong Qing", at the age of 60 it is called "Anniversary", at the age of 70 it is called "Gu Xi Anniversary", at the age of 80 it is called "Eight Ranks Anniversary" and at the age of 90 it is called "Nine Ranks Anniversary". Celebrate with flowers, you can set up a birthday hall, the hall is hung with red curtains, and the birthday girl, peaches and noodles are placed on the table surrounded by red curtains; People who celebrate their birthdays in Daqing, their sons, daughters-in-law, grandchildren and son-in-law will kneel three times and kowtow to them for their birthday. Birthday invitations are generally not sent, and friends and relatives tell each other and come to celebrate birthdays.

Banquet etiquette

Traditional festivals and customs in Nanping. All kinds of banquets and dishes are generally 12 bowls, which are called "12 pieces". Yanwan in Pucheng area is the first bowl served, which is called "the first bowl of Yanwan". It's a celebration banquet, and Yan Wan will set off firecrackers on the table to congratulate him. The chicken is served, and then the whole fish is served, indicating the end of the feast, which is called "the chicken flies the fish away". If the whole fish is not eaten at the table, the guests will leave. It is also useful to end with mushrooms or beets. Mushrooms are like umbrellas, indicating "umbrella" as farewell, while beets indicate "sweet honey, long friendship". Toast, first from the distinguished guests, and then in turn (the host of the funeral banquet does not toast), there is the custom of guessing boxing (wine order). Seats: round table 10- 12, square table 8. In the middle of the hall, the table is the chief, the distinguished guests and elders are the chief (if the wine starts or ends, please ask the host to be the chief), and the rest are free.

Changgongyan

Traditional feast custom in Wuyi Mountain. The time is the evening of December 25 of the lunar calendar every year. The old Wuyishan folk proverb said, "300 long-term engineering and 200 courses (teaching)". Long-term workers have to work for their employers for more than 300 days every year, and they are generally employed until February 25 of the year after the Lantern Festival. On this day, the long-term workers have to check out and go home. As a gesture of hospitality, the host held a banquet for the long-term workers in the evening. Ask the long-term workers to sit on the table, and the host will accompany them to propose a toast to them. Long-term workers are worth having. Long-term workers have to accept this banquet, which means that the host will definitely accept the invitation next year; If the permanent workers don't want to be employed here next year, the party should be rejected.

Run Yuefan

An old custom in Nanping. In the leap month of the lunar calendar, elders will invite their daughters and other close relatives to have lunch in the leap month, which is called "leap month meal", also known as "after dinner". I have to go home after lunch, and I can't spend the night at my parents' house, saying, "I will have money after lunch; After a while, the basket is a wood (can). "If my daughter is far away or can't come because of other things, give her rice (about 1 kg) and eggs (4, 5) instead of leap month meals. This custom has been abolished today.

Zuohoutou

Traditional customs of Nanping city. In the old society, when a daughter was abused by her husband's family, causing injuries, the parents and brothers of the woman's family invited the patriarch, relatives and friends, and celebrities to the man's house and put forward various reprimands until the man admitted his mistake and sincerely repented. Even the son-in-law knelt down to make amends and asked him to hold a banquet. There are also daughters who are abused and run home to hide, and their parents go to the man's house to teach the man; If the daughter wronged the deceased, she would ask all kinds of questions until the man lost all his money to organize the funeral of the deceased, which is commonly known as "being a back-bearer." After the founding of the People's Republic of China, such incidents were generally handled by the people's government according to law.

Divide family property, separate

Also known as "sub-cabinet". The ancient traditional customs of Nanping city. The separation of brothers in the family is generally presided over by parents, and mothers and uncles, uncles and elders, local celebrities or members of the township government are invited to supervise notarization. The property shall be settled by negotiation or lottery, and each parent shall keep a share of the inheritance (or brothers shall take turns to support it). Parents should prepare a new rice cooker for each only child, and the eldest son will get the original kitchen rice cooker, commonly known as "the eldest son never leaves the pot." Separation agreement, commonly known as "separation", should be signed by parents and notaries. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the rural areas followed the old customs, the sons of urban residents or cadres separated, and the distribution of property was settled through family consultation. In 1980s, civil separation gradually abolished the old customs and acted according to the Marriage Law and Inheritance Law.

Patriarchal succession

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the folk tradition stipulated that only sons could inherit ancestral property. If you have no children, you should adopt your brother's son as a stepson (or adopt children with different surnames) in order to inherit the patriarchal clan system and family business. Those who have no stepchildren, as well as those who have adopted parents, also have property rights, but they are not considered paternal clans and are not included in the genealogy. During the Republic of China, although the civil law stipulated that women had the right to inherit, it was not implemented. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the government promulgated the Law of Inheritance, so that lineal children, spouses and adopted children (girls) who have gone through legal procedures have the right to inherit, and all inheritance disputes are decided according to law, abolishing the old patriarchal inheritance system.