Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Lucky day inquiry - Is there really a powerful beggar gang in history?
Is there really a powerful beggar gang in history?
Beggars' gangs are called the largest gangs in the world, covering all dynasties in the world. There are people who become beggars. They gather together to form gangs and fight injustice. Their behavior is between good and evil. As for the end of the Song Dynasty, the leader of the Beggars' Sect held high the banner of anti-Jin Yi, put national justice first, started a career, and eventually became a martial arts expert. Become the first decent person in the Jianghu. Beggars' guild leader's skill of beating dogs is passed down from one vein, and the jade bamboo stick is used as the pledge of the guild leader. The eighteen palms of the dragon are famous all over the world.
[Edit this paragraph] 1. Documentary records of beggars
Xu Xiang is a prosperous figure. He is a singer in Hanoi. When I grow up, I have lost a scholar temperament, and I have to stop and stop. He is not good at languages, but he likes screaming or riding a donkey into the market. He is a beggar. In the twenty-third year of Xi Gong in Zuo Zhuan, it was recorded that the son of Jin State begged for food in the wild, the savage was with him, and the son was angry and wanted to whip him. " Longcheng recorded that "one day, I met a beggar in Yishui. There is a cloud in the Record of Ji Shen: "Anlu has long hair and is good at eating poisonous snakes and swallowing them with wine. After tasting Qilu, he went to Zhang Yu, where he became a snake and lived as a beggar. "It serves to show that there is begging first, and then there is begging status; Jie Yuan in the Tang Dynasty wrote On Beggars, claiming: "You are friends with beggars in Chang 'an. It can be seen that professional beggars who made a living by begging may first appear in the Six Dynasties. Tokyo Lu described Kaifengfu as "hundreds of families, each with its own clothes. If they dare not surpass the pedestrians in the market, they will know what color they are. As for beggars, they are also standardized and a little slack, which is unacceptable to the public. " The so-called standard person probably refers to a person who wears standard clothes, begs in a specific area or for a specific object, is bound by a certain group, and fulfills the prescribed obligations. Boss Jin, the leader of Hangzhou Beggars' Sect, was described in the story of Song and Yuan Dynasties. The pole in his hand is the symbol of the leader, ruling the beggars in the whole city, which proves that the beggar gang has become a climate in the Song Dynasty and is a certain organized social group. "So beggars, be careful and humble, take the head like a slave, and dare not violate it. I want to see that beggars' gangs were disciplined at that time. The poles on beggars' heads were used all the way to the Qing Dynasty, which not only symbolized power, but also implemented rules and regulations to punish beggars who violated the rules. History of Beggars There was a beggar gang in the history of China. Of course, the leader of the Beggars' Sect has never fought a dog fight, and he doesn't know how to fight dragons with eighteen hands, but the Beggars' Sect is actually very powerful. The following excerpt is from the Beggar History written by mainland scholar Mr. Zhou Dejun. According to historical documents, beggars' gangs did exist in the Song Dynasty. In the city at that time, especially in the capital, it was the leader of the beggar gang-Wang. "Tuantou" is common in the scripts and stories of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The most typical one is the record in the section of "Angry at Today, Beating Thin Lovers" in The Wonders of Ancient and Modern Times: In Hangzhou in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a beggar leader who passed down seven generations-"Tuantou Golden Boss". He is in charge of beggars in Jincheng, Hangzhou, collecting their money and taking care of their lives accordingly. Jin Tuantou is like a patriarch and an old man, enjoying considerable authority among beggars. With the support of many beggars, although he is not the richest man in the city, he has earned a well-off family of "saving more money" or even "borrowing money to be a servant girl". Now that there is a master, there is a beggar gang. Therefore, there is no doubt that beggar gangs were formed in the Song Dynasty. The study of social history further shows that the formation and development of beggars' gangs are generally consistent with the development of ancient secret society in China, that is, most of them were formed in the Song Dynasty, developed in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and flourished in the Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty. Beggars' gangs in the Song Dynasty were mainly centered on the famous metropolis and market town Lishe. They have not yet formed a national organization, and most of them have obvious regional group characteristics, as well as in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Beggars' gangs emerged in large numbers and showed a trend of rapid development, which was true in the middle and late Qing Dynasty and even in modern times. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there were records of beggars' gangs in the literature, which can still be seen now. Its name and content are far above other gangs. Looking through various documents, we can see that beggars' gangs at that time varied from place to place, and most of them were involved with gangs. For example, the "Kuang Luo Club" in Hubei, the "Border Money Club" in Jiangxi, and the "Flower Club" and "Food Club" in the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang were all typical beggars' gangs at that time. (See Integration of Laws and Regulations of Qing Dynasty, Volume 32. ) At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, beggar organizations were more developed, and almost every region, especially Datong, had corresponding beggar organizations. For example, there are two begging gangs in Beijing: "blue pole" and "yellow pole". "Huang Ji" is composed of poor children of the Eight Banners. It is a high-level beggar organization, and the beggar head is filled by Prince Baylor. " Blue Pole is the leader of ordinary beggars. In the southwest of Hebei and the northwest of Shandong, there is a large-scale beggar gang called "poor religion". Sometimes called "rational emotion", its internal members are divided into dead twips, living twips and poles. There are factions in the "poor education" gang For example, dead twips are divided into cold doors, strange doors and Guo doors. In Hailong, Jilin, beggars are divided into two categories: the big basket is made up of blind, lame, stupid, dumb and paralyzed beggars, and the second cabinet is made up of ordinary beggars. There are two kinds of beggars' gangs in Wuxi, namely "Six Gates" and "Chumen". The "Six Doors" are composed of beggars such as doctors, fortune tellers, astrologers, physiognomists, geography, books, paintings, chess, storytellers, storytellers, Taoist priests, fund-raisers, flower drums and lotus singers. Truman can be divided into two categories: eastbound and westbound. There is a saying in Jianghu that "30 doors are big and 72 doors are small", which is probably composed of beggars who are good at Jianghu and work hard for food. Beggars in Quanzhou are divided into local beggars and foreign beggars. Beggars in Kaifeng are called "poor households" or "on the pole". In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, beggars' gangs are divided into "Three Rivers" and "Two Lakes". For example, most of the beggars' gangs in Hankou belong to the West Lake Sect, and there are sects below, which are divided into "characters", which can be described as flourishing. Beggars' gangs in Guangzhou are also quite large, and they are called "Guan Di Ma Ting people". Its organizational network is centered in Guangzhou, and its influence extends to neighboring counties such as Nanhai, Panyu, Dongguan and Shunde. There are beggars' gangs in Hongyan Cave, Chongqing. The beggars' gangs in Yunnan are called "rudders" and the leaders call them "rudders". Its organizational form and name have a lot to do with society. The beggar gang in Lanzhou was called "casserole" and the beggar gang leader was called "Master Wan", which was once very popular.
[Edit this paragraph] Second, please Confucius
It is said that Confucius stopped cooking when he was in the state of Chen, and the relief he received would not starve to death. Therefore, beggars in later generations worshipped Fan Dan as their ancestor. They went door to door to beg for food from merchants who posted Spring Festival couplets on their doors, in order to get back a little favor for their ancestors from Confucius' disciples and grandchildren. Fan Dan in the Eastern Han Dynasty was a famous poor Han in history, and he also had contacts with Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period. Of course, this is the result of rumors. There are more and more beggars who worship Zhu Yuanzhang in modern times. Zhu Yuanzhang was the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Hongwu. He was lonely when he was a child and was sent to Yuanjue Temple as a monk. However, the ill-fated Zhu Yuanzhang was expelled from the temple and reduced to begging from house to house. It is said that it started when he hit a cow bone. People in poor families call the ox bone "Taiping Drum" with thirteen small bronze bells on it. According to legend, one bronze bell can eat one province and thirteen bronze bells can eat thirteen provinces all over the country. At that time, Zhu Hongwu went north to Beijing to take the exam, but failed to become famous. On the way, he suddenly fell ill with typhoid fever. Fortunately, he was saved by a poor family. When he became emperor, Zhu Hongwu issued a decree. Since then, beggars have used the Taiping Drum with thirteen bronze bells. On the other hand, the singing of flower drums and begging originated from Zhu Hongwu's attempt to restore the vitality of his hometown Fengyang, and he did not hesitate to move the Jiangnan140,000 rich households back to Fengyang, and severely punished those who returned privately. Due to years of war and barren fields, many people in Fengyang were displaced and became beggars. Therefore, the rich people in the south of the Yangtze River who moved here will pretend to be poor people every winter and sneak back to their original places by begging. Over time, they actually became beggars. A flower drum ballad sings well: "Fengyang used to be a good place. Since Zhu Yuanzhang was born, there have been nine famines in ten years, and I have been running around with flower drums. In times of peace when food and clothing are plentiful, it is not difficult for poor families to make a living in the kitchens of rich families, or even to pack and transport the kitchen scraps, as long as they dig out the ashes and pour water. At wedding banquets and festivals, rap can make people laugh, please them with some auspicious jingles, and even win drinks or rewards for a long time. When a beggar has to learn from his teacher, the beggar head has unlimited authority and is responsible for the distribution of the site. If a little beggar fails to cash his head on time, he is beaten and scolded, driven out of the construction site to become a vagrant and beggar, and even lynched in a gang, it is not uncommon to lose his life. So "a stick on a high mountain will live for a while." "Begging along the street is called Huaer Gai, regardless of men, women, children, deaf and dumb, they are all poor people at home. Beggar organizations have a strict portal, branches are classified, and there are martial arts and literary lines; There are street beggars, nail-headed beggars, stigma beggars, snakehead beggars and so on. In martial arts, even they insist on evil forms; There are beggars in literary works (playing the Taiping drum, playing bamboo boards to count treasures, singing flower drums, etc.). ), beggars who play music, beggars who mourn.
[Edit this paragraph] III. Beggars open docks.
Beggars' bad habits are occasionally seen in dynasties. Every year in February and August of the lunar calendar, or during the three festivals of Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year, beggar leaders openly lead groups of beggars into the city and demand fees from merchants in the market. In every shop that accepts donations, beggars will "give the shop a piece of gourd-shaped paper and stick it on the door, saying' Cover the door'. "Where is the gate, beggars can't get in. Its words include: "Brothers are not allowed to disturb", or there are no words, only symbols. When the shop saw this paper, the beggar looked away. " A beggar's note in red paper and black on the gate ensures that no beggar dares to come to the door again on weekdays, just as effective as sticking a door to exorcise ghosts. If you meet a family that refuses to pay the beggar's donation, the beggar's head will order a group of beggars to come to the door all day and insist on it, which will make the family restless and the dog restless. You must compromise. In order to prevent them from making trouble, the government usually turns a blind eye to them, because they are not only large in number, but also not afraid of being caught for public meals. Therefore, beggars take their disciples door to door to collect donations from beggars every season. Usually, when there are weddings, funerals and happy events, you reach out and ask for pleasing money. With the gang becoming more and more organized, the big beggar head suddenly became the leader, drawing boundaries and dividing the territory to prevent the hungry and the poor from coming to occupy the dock. In order to do a good job in public relations with local governments, it is customary to divide beggars' donations into five parts: the first part is beggars' donations, the third part is beggars' donations, and the other part is of course used to honor local officials.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Beggars in novels
Beggars' gang is one of the most common gang organizations. They are characterized by a large number, wide distribution and great influence, so they are called the biggest gangs in the world. All beggars belong to the Beggars' Sect, which is a well-known organization in the Jianghu, except the strong and the weak. Because the gang is widely distributed, has many eyes and ears and is well informed, it is quite good at collecting enemy information and passing on news. Usually, the leaders of beggars' gangs have superb martial arts passed down from generation to generation, among which the most famous are "dog stick" and "Beating dragons with eighteen palms"; Other beggars' sect figures, martial arts and knowledge are all mixed up. Snake players are good at poisoning, while drinkers may be able to perform "drinking and raining magic". When beggars go out to beg, they take an extra dog stick in their hands to prevent vicious dogs from attacking them. The characteristic of beating dog with stick is flexible and changeable, which is a skill developed from the actual life experience of fighting dogs. According to legend, the eighteen palms of the dragon were powerful and powerful, and they were called "palm-wielding chinese odyssey", which greatly shocked the Wulin. Beggars in the novel are well organized. Under the leader, there are several elders, as well as helmsman and incense master. Another person said that the number of beggars depends on the number of bags they carry, and the more bags they carry, the higher their qualifications. Beggars' guild leader is not only top-notch in martial arts, but also first-class in moral integrity. He is recognized as a hero in white. Beggars' gangs, as the name implies, are "beggars' gathering organizations". The "vitality" of this group has been extremely strong since ancient times. Begging, as a profession to make a living, has been passed down to this day. I don't know whether it is the luck or misfortune of beggars. Known as the "old beggar" refers to the beggar Huazipo, which is a disparaging term for the elderly woman beggar, but it is called "Guanyin" in jargon. From beggars to Guanyin, the name is really "begging for work". Speaking of the Beggars' Sect, I can't help but mention the Beggars' stunt "Eighteen Flying Dragons", which even sweeping monk praised. This set of martial arts written by Jin Shifu is infinitely powerful, no less than Shaolin's magical power. It makes sense to think about it carefully. This monk pays attention to giving merit, saying "Amitabha" and holding a bowl. As usual, he will get a few pennies in front of his donors. The process is similar to that of a beggar, and the two are similar in appearance, so it is possible. The difference is that the former is for practicing and the latter is for making a living. I think beggars should consider the idea of shaving their heads and changing careers, at least they can be promoted to the top nine. What? There are precedents to follow. Who is it? Zhu Yuanzhang! ? (Sin) Like lovers, everyone has beauty in his eyes. Beggars' Guild, the largest gang in Jianghu, also presents different styles in the works of different creators. The pattern of rivers and lakes has gradually established a unique or traceable system from the sword faction to the gang, and Mr. Jin Yong's expansion and construction in it has contributed greatly. The "universality" model of beggars' gangs constructed by Jin Daxia has the following characteristics: firstly 1 If a gang wants to stand out, it must have its own history, just like a sword school, a Taoist temple or a quiet village. Even the so-called magic door magic teaching has a long history, so the slogan of our gang is "Refuse to be black! "Beggars were originally an organized and disciplined gang, which probably originated in the Five Dynasties around 900 AD. Quoting the bronze inscription "Legend of the Condor Heroes, 45th time, Kang Long has regrets", it says, "... Huang Rong is a master of man and machine, clapping his hands and shouting:" I know, I know. Lao Liang called you Hong Ye, so you are the leader of the Beggars' Sect. Hong: "Exactly, we beggars are bullied and bitten by dogs. How can we survive without a team? "This bamboo stick and this gourd have been circulating for hundreds of years since the Tang and Five Dynasties. They are run by the Beggars' Sect from generation to generation, just like the imperial seal of the emperor's boy and the official's golden seal. ...... "Since No.2 is a self-reliant sect, it is a big faction, and there are many disciples under it. No one can't do it. No organization is leaderless and has its own array, and beggars' gangs are no exception. Therefore, the Beggars' Sect has set up the following supervision mechanism: one master! (Not for two days) ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— After that, he and his wife went to the mountains to look for a panacea for treating diseases, and handed over the affairs of the beggar gang to two elders, palm sticks and bowls, as well as faucets ... "("Eternal Dragon Slayer ",the dirty clothes faction was unkempt and ragged; The clean clothes school seems to be wearing clean clothes and pretending to be various roles for the benefactor. " Beggars divide clean clothes from dirty clothes. Besides wearing mending beggars' clothes, the Pure Clothes School usually leads an ordinary life. These people are heroes in the Jianghu, or admire the chivalrous behavior of the Beggars' Sect, or make friends with Beggars' disciples and join the Beggars' Sect, but they are not real beggars. But the Dirty Clothes School really makes a living by begging and strictly abides by the precepts: shopping without money, not eating at the same table with outsiders, and not fighting with people who don't know martial arts. No.4 Beggars' most proud kung fu is the skill of "killing dogs" and "falling lotus", and the skill of "dog stick" and "beating eighteen palms of dragons" is their capital to dominate the Jianghu, which can only be practiced by the future Wang. Jin Daxia's original Jianghu system set an example for later martial arts writer Zhu Fan. We appreciate the rationality of its construction, but after all, it is only reasonable, not reality. Now let's set foot on this DIY concept of Jianghu and decrypt the real beggars' gang. The real beggars' gangs have not formed a unified scale in Jiangnan and Jiangbei, but have formed their own climate locally, which may be a county, a government and a state. They all take care of themselves and have their own ways of making money. Because beggars believe in different founders, many factions have been formed. From the whole history of beggars' gangs, the most famous and influential gangs are probably Fan, Li, Wu, Gao and Suo. Each has its own root cause, so choose one or two conventions to summarize them. Beggar, Fan, Shan Zu. According to the sect, its founder once "helped" a Kong Qiu who was "trapped between Chen and Cai" to have a meal (such as "Pearl Jade and Baiyutang"). Coincidentally, this Kong Qiu was a Confucian saint who was later respected, so Wang Fan naturally became the founder of the Beggars' Sect. Therefore, Fanmen Beggars' Sect is the most powerful and has unprecedented influence. According to historical records, Fan was an Eastern Han Chinese. Five hundred years later, he brought them together, although modern propaganda technology has fallen behind. Wu Zixu, the ancestor of the Wu family. It is said that Wu Zixu went through all kinds of hardships to come to Suzhou, the capital of Wu State, and was penniless, so he had to beg in blowing sheng along the street. Just when my son passed by, he knew how to use Wu. Therefore, when beggars are sent to beg, most of them take them with them, such as Allegro, Huqiner and Sixian. Degang Guo nicknamed Jing Li as the leader of the Beggars' Sect, which originated from this. Beggars are called "beggars" as "hanging poles" in the jargon of beggars' gangs, so the leader of beggars' gangs in martial arts should actually be called "poles". The "shoulder pole head" is the land of this place, and he is responsible for the entry and appointment of personnel. The flowers that Jin Fang saw in the street are called "flowers crossing the street" in the industry (very vivid and cruel, so you can donate sympathy), and the operator behind the scenes is the "shoulder pole" of this drug Lord. The sources of beggars' gangs are nothing more than bankrupt and unemployed people, homeless people, disabled people who can't live, and children who have no father or mother (nine times out of ten shady children are trafficked). Of course, many people like to make fun of Joe as a beggar. Beggars are dirty. If you want to live, you must join in. Before joining the company, as usual, you should kowtow to the "shoulder pole", say "yes" again, and then follow the art-begging or stealing. After a period of investigation (the scene of Lin Chong's occupation of Liangshan flashed through his mind), Master thought he was satisfied, then paid the candle money and chose an auspicious day to accept disciples. First, in Xiangxiang Hall, an ancestral memorial tablet was set up and some incense sticks were lit in front of it. The master laid a wooden stick horizontally on the ground, and the disciples knelt on it. After asking about the Jianghu incision, Master picked up the stick and put it down again. Let the disciples get up first and look at the bamboo tube, awl, knife and a pot of cold water on the altar (what are you looking at? Dongchang has never heard of it). The apprentice knelt on the stick again, and the master began to preach the rules. Finally, the disciples bowed to the master, and then the beggars had a small feast and dispersed. No rules, no Fiona Fang. Beggars talk about "ten poverty", "eight essentials" and "ten commandments" Help the public to implement it by force. "Ten poverty" means: entering the poverty shed, raising the head of poverty, and providing poor houses for the ancestors of poor families; Poor families also talk about the Three Cardinals, and poor families also talk about three religions and nine streams; The whip of the poor family spread all over the world, and the children of the poor family traveled around the world; Shojaei (bamboo board) of the poor family hangs its ears in the spring and autumn; The poor have nobles and the poor have princes. The "eight essentials" are: first, the relationship between heaven and earth; Second, we should be educated by our ancestors; Third, we should honor our parents; Fourth, we should respect and love our brothers; Fifth, we must abide by the national laws ... "Ten Commandments", that is, first, we must refrain from turning when crossing the border (no voting for neighbors or companions); 2. Don't lie on the top color lotus (don't go whoring with the wife of your peers); Three commandments: water and thread (no rape); Lead the horse to the bottom under the temptation (not allowed to expose the bad things he has done) ... When a beggar enters the village, he must take it off his shoulder and wear it on his arm, which is considered as "leading the horse"; As soon as you enter someone's door, you must put it down, which is regarded as "tying the horse"; After that, the sign said "Uncle, Aunt, Reward ...". In business, I am afraid that the novice can't say it, so saying "uncle" is actually a "bumper harvest" and a congratulations to the benefactor. For beggars, it's a holiday when they meet weddings and funerals, compared with the usual lightness. In particular, large families with money in the past should send people to the "shoulder pole head" to ask some people for help, and also attract jobs such as carrying coffins and beating children. The Beggar's Day and the Tibetan Sagadawa Festival are still kept in Tibet, and the Tibetan calendar is April 15 (the Han calendar is June). Giving alms to beggars is not only a routine ceremony, but also a major theme. How many miles are there on the way to the meridian, and clusters of beggars carrying wallets are smiling. In front of them, donors are carrying money bags, smiling and giving alms from head to toe until the bags become clear. The scene is extremely touching. But it's only been a day, and it's still the Buddha's touch. At the end of the movie "Wu Zhuangyuan Su Gai", the dialogue between the emperor and him is very intriguing-(Emperor) How can I feel at ease if you don't dissolve me for a day? (Su Can) It's not up to me to decide how many disciples there are, but it's up to you ... If you are really wise and SHEN WOO, and make the country prosperous and the people safe, you don't want to be a beggar.
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