What is the origin of Enshi's daughter?

Enshi Tujia Daughter's Association, referred to as Enshi Daughter's Association, originated from the lime kiln and the top of the mountain in Enshi City. The two places are alpine mountain areas in the east and west of Enshi with an altitude of 1.800 meters respectively. The two places have become the famous hometown of medicine kings at home and abroad because they produce precious Chinese herbal medicines (Angelica sinensis and Codonopsis pilosula) respectively. At the same time, the two places have also given birth to a peculiar wedding custom "Daughter's Club" and become the hometown of Daughter's Club. This custom has been circulating for nearly 300 years. Lime kilns and big mountain peaks are under the jurisdiction of Enshi City, and most of the cities are Tujia people, so the daughters that people are used to addressing will be called "Enshi Tujia Daughters' Association". 1. Lime Kiln Daughter's Club is located in Hongtu Township140km east of Enshi City, the capital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, on a hill1800m above sea level, a small town surrounded by mountains-Lime Kiln Town. The market town consists of two old streets and a new street formed by a highway, covering an area of 450 mu and inhabited by more than 1500 people. The market town is built in the middle of a flat dam among thousands of mountains, surrounded by eight conical peaks, called "Eight Immortals Peak", and the "Eight Immortals" sit opposite each other and form an encirclement; In the middle, a Xiaoqing River flows slowly under the diaojiao building of the market town, just like "Chuhe Han Jie" in China chess, which divides the chessboard-like market town into two parts, so this small market town is also called "Chessboard Town". "Eight Immortals" surround the "chessboard", some play chess, some watch chess, the players concentrate, and the people watching chess are silent. This chess game can't be played for thousands of years. The original name of the lime kiln was not called the lime kiln, and it is not this place now. According to legend, since the end of the Ming Dynasty, he moved to the market town three times, the first two were destroyed by fire, and the last time Mr. Yin and Yang were invited to survey the land and build a town here, which has been left until now. Today's lime kilns, accessible roads, improved urban capacity, and prosperous market town economy and culture. Clean and spacious streets replaced "thatched streets" and reinforced concrete bungalows replaced bamboo houses. Lime kiln was originally named "Ten Sheds". In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, this land was still in a remote mountain shortage, and it was said to be uncultivated. When the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, Shui Yuan and Lishui flooded, people suffered floods and fled to the mountains with their families. It is also worthy of the Qing government to implement the policy of "returning farmland to streams" in the Tusi area, abolish the policy of "Han never enters the cave and never leaves the country", and encourage people to enter the mountains to open up wasteland and work hard. Therefore, people in flood-stricken areas have moved into lime kilns to open up wasteland and mow grass, and Zhang, Xue, Li, Teng, Yang, Tian, Qin, Cao, Huang and Wang have all been there. According to Records of the Stone and Records of Enshi County, "Yi people are divided into their own customers, all of whom are indigenous people of the previous generation, and the customers are people who moved to do business after the establishment of the government". According to Zhu Shitai's tombstone, the monument was built in 184 1 year (the year of Xin Chou), and the local stone (it should be "Ten"-editor) is "Ten Peng and Ten Jia Ping in Chongningli, Dongxiang, Enshi County, Shinan Prefecture, Hubei Province." "Enshi County Records" also contains: "Sanlihu series: Dongchong Ningli, Nanguoli, northwest Li Ting. "Ten tents belong to Chongningli. The county annals also said: "The place name of Lime Kiln (Pass) existed in Tongzhi 7 years (1868), and it was one of the passes where Hefeng, Changyang and Changle entered the east fence (the three passes were Yangkou, Jinyangguan and Lime Kiln). "It can be seen that before Tongzhi, lime kiln was an important market town. The county annals also read: "Lime kiln, ten sheds, 60 miles south of Hongtuxi, 240 miles away from the county seat. "There is no doubt that ten sheds are lime kilns. There is another local saying about the name of Shipeng: In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the anti-Qing Anbaili peasant army passed by here and cut down trees at the junction of Enshi and Xuanen to avoid the cold. * * * There are ten sheds, such as shed, second shed, shed and Cao Jia's shed ... The existing old shed is in Zhongying Township, Hefeng County, the first shed and the shed in Chunmuying Township, Xuanen County, and Cao Jia. The above sheds are all between 30 and 40 kilometers in Fiona Fang. According to the place names of Enshi County, the lime kiln was originally named Shihe kiln. It is said that in the Republic of China 15 (1926), a stone tablet was erected at the bridge head of Xiaoqing River in Shihuiyao Street, which read "Shihe Kiln" and "Shihe River Channel". Stone, that is, Shinan House, changed soil into flow, and Enshi withdrew from the county to set up a government; Crane, that is, Hefeng House, set up a state in the wasteland department of Hefeng after changing soil into flow. But both Shihe Kiln and Shihe River used to be an "official road" in the county (Nanjun-Hefeng County). 240 miles west of the lime kiln is Shinan House, and 120 miles east is Hefeng House. The "official road" from Shinan to Hefeng passes through Shiban Street in the center of this town. Throughout the ages, people who wear coats by car, who ride horses to pull troops, who come out of the mountains to take exams, and who carry troops with salt on their backs have all run around this official road. Because of official communication, Lime Kiln has become a material distribution center in the border areas of Enshi, Jianshi, Hefeng and Xuanen counties, creating conditions for daughters to find love and love through business. Thus, in this magical place of lime kiln, Tujia daughters came into being. As a custom of marriage and love, there are different opinions about when the "Daughter Club" originated. But there is one origin that researchers know. That is, in 1952, Mr. Qi Shuqing (now a retired cadre of the Municipal Forestry Bureau), then a statistical assistant of the People's Government of Ji 'an District (located in Shuanghe Town, 30 kilometers away from Limekiln), went to Limekiln Township to carry out land inspection and production, land reform review and land certificate issuance. On February 6th of the same year, 65438+ found the old manuscripts, genealogies, contracts and various magazines collected by the peasant associations in the township government of Limekiln (located in Huangjiaping). That night, Qi Shuqing leafed through a book. I saw a manuscript of Huang Daily in the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), and found that it was written by ten women's clubs. The general idea is that the lime kiln area was still in a remote mountain shortage period in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the local area was uninhabited and cultivated. At that time, there were frequent floods on both sides of rivers and lakes, and the Qing government encouraged land reclamation and farming, so refugees in disaster areas fled to high places, taking grass as a lesson, reclaiming land for farming, building homes and buying real estate. At that time, ten families, including Zhang, Xue, Li, Teng and Yang, came to the lime kiln to build houses here, so they were called "ten sheds". Ten shacks thrive here. With the development of society, they began to elect leaders, called "village officials", to manage the affairs of the ten sheds, and the sheds often gathered for meetings and discussions, so some people here called them "Ten Kilns". Ten shed surnames have lived with local residents for generations. At that time, Xue Jiapeng was appointed as the county chief, known as "Xue County Chief". He often travels on business, visiting Yangzhou, Dongting and Jiuzhou. One year, Xue went out of town and returned home on July 1 1 day, the day before Yu Jing's "death". His wife and daughter hosted a banquet for each other. The townspeople suddenly called his ninth daughter (Pearl) and said, "Tomorrow morning (12 July), your sister can dress up and go out for a day, but not at ordinary times. "His wife immediately disagreed and said: My daughter's family went to a commercial port to play, what a scandal. The village counselor said, "I admire how many women in Jianghu are bosses, shopkeepers and shop assistants, how many are good at business, how many can go boating, how many can cook in restaurants, how many can sew clothes, how many can sing and dance, and so many excellent women. I want my daughters to go to the streets to play in commercial ports, increase friendship and be well informed. " The wife was silent again. So Pearl and other sisters dressed up early the next morning and went out to play, which surprised and envied everyone in the street. Since then, every July 12, the daughters of the "Ten Sheds" have learned the practice of the Xue daughters, dressed up and dressed up, and invited them to go out for a day. Over time, it becomes a habit. Daughter's home can't see the public, and it is broken because of indecent imprisonment. From then on, local young men and women, taking advantage of July 12, met in the street, made eyes freely, poured out their love to each other, and got married. After that, on July 12, young men and women poured into the streets in an endless stream, and commercial trade flourished from then on. Everyone is very famous and has spread for a while. On July 12, the lime kiln market became a "ten-shed daughter's party". 2. The peak is located in the northwest border of Banqiao in Enshi City, about 60 kilometers away from Enshi City, with an average elevation of 1800 meters. Xiangbanxi is the center of the top of the mountain and the only way for Hubei and Chongqing provinces. Xiangbanxi, the street is only 50 meters, and the old houses and new houses add up to only 10. An ancient road passes through the middle of the street, and the road surface is all paved with green slate. Anyone who carries a load, crosses a mule, a horse or drives his daughter to pick him up will make a "snapping" sound, hence the name "Xiangbanxi". Although Xiangban West Street is small, there are some legends. Hundreds of years ago, Xiao and Zhao lived here. Xiao Jia has a big width and is the leader of the top of the mountain. He assembled a group of people and claimed to be the company commanders of the three provinces (borders). He met the magic soldier Lan Tianwei, helped the poor and burned the West Street with a torch. Only three people in the Xiao family escaped from the chaotic situation. Later, Xiao and Zhao rebuilt the soundboard creek and restored the market. And this street, hundreds of years before 1976, was the birthplace of the "Daughter Club" on the top of the mountain. When the daughter of Xiangbanxi will be born is still inconclusive. Through field investigation and data display, the daughter's association at the peak can be summarized into three ways. It is said that the top of the mountain is rich in valuable Chinese herbal medicines such as Codonopsis pilosula and Gastrodia elata, which were once monopolized by Wang and He. Because the mountains are vast and sparsely populated, information is blocked, and goods are often overstocked. In order to improve their business conditions, the two companies agreed to hold a commodity fair. He Jia is scheduled for the third day of May and Wang Jia is scheduled for the ninth day of July. In these two days, the boundaries between men and women were relaxed to attract businessmen from all over the world to trade. Because most of the people who arrived at the scene were women, it was called the Daughter's Club. There is a "Wang Million" in the Wang family, and his family is rich. His medicinal materials are sold to Shanghai and other places without inspection all the way. There is also a lot of land, so he doesn't pass by other people's fields when he goes to Enshi City. Wang and He traded medicinal materials, agreed on the venue, and men and women from all walks of life gathered to attend the venue, which was one of the reasons for the formation of the daughter's meeting. Speaking of the five surnames of Xiao, Wang, He, Li and Zhao at the top of the mountain, in order to promote medicinal materials, they decided to build a neighborhood in Xiangbanxi. The foundation stone is planned to be laid on May 3rd and completed on July 9th. In the past two days, guests and vendors have been invited to congratulate each other, and men and women can't help loving each other. Over time, these two venues were formed. Why build the market in Xiangbanxi? Legend has something to do with the water and temples here. There is a stream along Shiban Road at the west end of the street, which flows from a mountain full of hundreds of herbs all the year round and gathers in the pool, which can cure all diseases, especially gynecological diseases. Therefore, many women swim naked in the pool on summer nights. For a long time, the treatment of nude bathing for women in Xiangbanxi has spread. At the eastern end of the street, there is a temple called "Niangniang Temple" or "Nuoniangniang Temple" (destroyed), which is a place to worship the goddess. Rich female culture, saturated with the bustling castanet creek girls' club, is it strange that business is not good? On Xiangban West Street, Xiao and Zhao have board houses to provide accommodation for pedestrians entering Enshi Chuanbei Salt, Xuanen and Lime Kiln. , to facilitate shopping for people who spend the Dragon Boat Festival and the Half Moon Festival nearby. Two days before the Dragon Boat Festival (the third day of May) and three days before the Half Moon Festival (the ninth day of July) are designated as the meeting places. The formation of the field set created conditions for the emergence of the "daughter club". In the 1930s and 1940s, the Zhao family married a daughter-in-law and remained unknown. Her nickname is Xia Damei, and now she is 84 years old. She said that when/kloc-was 0/6 years old, she fled to the top of the mountain from Anping, Sichuan, became the daughter-in-law of the Zhao family, helped the Zhao family to open a board house, and received the guests who drove horses and mules in the past, especially during two festivals, and the business was better. Cai, a retired teacher, said that in the 1950s, he was sent to the top of the mountain to work, and had a meal in a board room in Xia Damei. She is a busy person at her daughter's meeting. On the third day of May and the ninth day of July, businessmen from as far away as Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Anhui, Hunan and Sichuan, and as close as Jianshi, Lichuan, Xuanen and Enshi went to Xiangbanxi to exchange materials. The daily necessities outside the mountain are continuously transported, and the Chinese herbal medicines on the mountain are continuously transported away. In the long run, year after year. These two days, the small streets are often crowded with people, and the streets are full of local snacks and local products. The street can't be crowded, so the "street" extends indefinitely along the Shibanxi until the hillside and the roadside ... The local customs can't help but open up because of business, and Shanmeizi can find the right person in the transaction, "taking songs as the medium" and decide each other for life; Women who have passed the door can also meet their lovers, make an appointment to bring food and pots and pans on this day, set pots and pans on three stones in the street, sell snacks and do business together, then set up a shed in the mountains for the night and go home separately the next day. There are also familiar people in the street, and you can meet them in the mountains. According to local elders, there used to be a "public house" where men and women met. Therefore, people call it rushing to the "romantic field", rushing to the "Ye Fu field" or "inviting women". This custom was gradually "destroyed" after the 1950s and 1960s. Until the early 1970 s, cadres stationed in the mountains could still see men and women in huts in the Woods on the street. 1976, the top of the mountain was changed from the township at that time to the commune, and the first socialization was carried out with the county state-owned medicinal farm. Since then, the rural farm has moved to the dike farm, where the commune is located 3 kilometers away from Xiangbanxi, and three field dates are determined every ten days, but the traditional May 3 and July 9 are still more lively than other fields. It shows that Dashan's daughter will take root in people's hearts.