The origin of "lantern"

The origin of "Lantern" is closely related to people's life in China. There are lanterns everywhere in temples and living rooms.

After careful calculation, there were lanterns in China after the Qin and Han Dynasties, and there were paper lanterns in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

After the invention of paper.

Wu Dunhou said that in China, lanterns are not only used for lighting, but also a symbol.

He used to be the bride's lantern (that is, palace lantern) to represent the wedding celebration; Bamboo lanterns announce that this is mourning.

Burial occasions; Umbrella lamp (word surname lamp), because "lamp" and "D" have the same pronunciation, which means everyone.

Prosperity. Therefore, in the past, every household had a surname lamp hanging under the eaves and in the living room. Welcome today.

At the God Games, there are still two big lanterns in front of God's head, which is a continuation of this custom.

However, Yuanxiao is probably the most reverie and expectation of Lantern Festival.

The custom of watching lanterns on the Lantern Festival originated from the early Han Dynasty and the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, in order to celebrate the country and people.

Ann is wearing a lantern, which symbolizes "the colorful dragon is auspicious, the people are rich and the country is strong" through flashing lights.

"Lantern Festival is so popular. When Zhu Yuanzhang built Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty, the Qinhuai River was on fire.

Ten thousand water discharge lamps; Yongle Dynasty erected a lamp post at the meridian gate and set up a "lantern market" outside Huamen.

There is also "dengshikou" Street in Beiping.

After the Republic of China, the Lantern Festival still exists, but it is a lot more dull. Fortunately, it is very popular in China now.

Lanterns gradually occupy an important position in home decoration, but the materials of lanterns

From paper and bamboo to cloth, plastic and iron wire, the shape and color of lanterns are different from tradition.

It's also very different.

Traditionally, temples are mainly yellow, and the size and color of lanterns are changed according to personal preferences.

It doesn't matter if it's symbolic

Lanterns have other meanings besides lighting. Private school (ancient school) in the first month of each year.

At the beginning of school, parents will prepare a lantern for their children, which will be lit by the teacher to symbolize the students' future.

Light is called "turn on the light" Later, it evolved into the custom of carrying lanterns on the Lantern Festival. Because voice and

"Tianding" is similar, so lanterns are also used to pray for children. During the Japanese occupation, patriots were lighting lamps.

Painting folk stories in cages teaches children and grandchildren to know their own culture, so it has the significance of being passed down from generation to generation.

Lantern is an ancient lamp. As early as the eighth century BC, in the Tang Dynasty, the reasons for using lanterns were recorded. There were lanterns in China after the Qin and Han Dynasties, and paper lanterns may have been invented after the paper was invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The custom of watching lanterns on the Lantern Festival originated in the early Han Dynasty, but there are also legends that Emperor Tang Ming played lanterns in Shangyang Palace on the Lantern Festival to celebrate the peace of the country and the people, and then tied lanterns. Accompanied by flickering lights, it symbolizes "the colorful dragon is auspicious, the people are rich and the country is strong", and the custom of playing lanterns is still widely circulated.

The origin of Lantern Festival and the formation of Lantern Festival customs have a long process. According to historical data and folklore, the fifteenth day of the first month was paid attention to in the Western Han Dynasty. On the first night of the first month of the first month, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty offered sacrifices to "Taiyi" (Taiyi: the God who rules everything in the world) in Ganquan Palace, which was regarded by later generations as a precursor to offering sacrifices to the gods on the fifteenth day of the first month. However, the fifteenth day of the first month is indeed a folk festival after the Han and Wei Dynasties. The introduction of Buddhist culture in the Eastern Han Dynasty is of great significance to the formation of Lantern Festival customs. During the reign of Emperor Yongping (AD 58- 175), the Lantern Festival, because Ming Taizu advocated Buddhism, coincided with Cai Cheng's conversion to Buddhism from India, saying that on the fifteenth day of the first month in India, monks gathered to pay tribute to relics, which was an auspicious day to participate in Buddhism. In order to carry forward Buddhism, Emperor Han Ming ordered "burning lamps to show Buddha" in the palace temple on the 15th night of the first month. Therefore, the custom of burning lanterns on the fifteenth night of the first month, with the expansion of the influence of Buddhist culture and the addition of Taoist culture, gradually spread in China. It is also said that the Lantern Festival originated from the Torch Festival. In the Han dynasty, people held torches in rural fields to drive away insects and wild animals, hoping to reduce pests and pray for a bumper harvest. To this day, people in some areas in southwest China still use reeds or branches as torches on the 15th day of the first month, and hold high in groups to dance in fields or grain drying fields. Since the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been in full swing. Tens of thousands of people took part in singing and dancing, from faint to dark. With the changes of society and times, the custom of Lantern Festival has changed greatly, but it is still a traditional folk festival in China. Another way of saying it is that the custom of burning lanterns in Lantern Festival originated from the "ternary theory" of Taoism; The fifteenth day of the first month is Shangyuan Festival, the fifteenth day of July is Zhongyuan Festival, and the fifteenth day of October is Xiayuan Festival. The officials in charge of the upper, middle and lower elements are heaven, earth and man respectively. The celestial officials are happy and the Lantern Festival should be lit. The festivals and customs of Lantern Festival have been extended and expanded with the development of history. As far as the length of festivals is concerned, there is only one day in Han Dynasty, three days in Tang Dynasty and five days in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, lights were lit from the eighth day of August until the seventeenth night of the first month, a total of ten days. Connected with the Spring Festival, it is a city during the day, full of excitement, and brightly lit at night, which is spectacular. Especially the exquisite and colorful lights make it a place for entertainment during the Spring Festival. In the Qing Dynasty, there were more "hundred operas" such as dragon dancing, lion dancing, dry boating, walking on stilts and yangko dancing, but the festival period was shortened to four to five days.

The Origin of Lantern The Origin of Chinese Characters From the ancient legend of Cangjie word-making to the discovery of Oracle Bone Inscriptions more than 100 years ago, China scholars have been trying to uncover the mystery of the origin of Chinese characters. There are different views on the origin of Chinese characters in China ancient literature.

The origin of lanterns is closely related to people's life in China. There are lanterns everywhere in temples and living rooms. After careful calculation, China had lanterns after the Qin and Han Dynasties, and paper lanterns probably after the invention of paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Lanterns in China, also known as lanterns, originated in the Western Han Dynasty more than 800 years ago. Every year around the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, people hang red lanterns symbolizing reunion to create a festive atmosphere. Later, lanterns became a symbol of happiness for the people of China. Through the inheritance and development of lantern artists in past dynasties, colorful varieties and exquisite craftsmanship have been formed. There are palace lanterns, gauze lanterns, chandeliers and so on. From the modeling point of view, there are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, dragons and phoenixes, fish and insects, etc. Besides, there are lanterns for people to enjoy.

There are many explanations about the origin of playing lanterns. A widely circulated explanation is that the custom of playing lanterns on the Lantern Festival began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Eastern Han Dynasty advocated Buddhism. He heard that in Buddhism, there was a custom of monks watching the relics light lanterns to worship Buddha on the fifteenth day of the first month, so he ordered them to light lanterns to worship Buddha in palaces and temples that night, so that all the gentry and the people could hang lanterns. Later, this Buddhist ceremonial festival gradually formed a grand folk festival. This festival has experienced the development process from the court to the people, and from the Central Plains to the whole country. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, in order to celebrate the country's prosperity and people's peace, people tied lanterns, symbolizing "lucky dragons, rich people and strong country" with flashing lights. Since then, the custom of playing lanterns has been widely spread.

The shorter the origin of lanterns, the better. Lantern is an ancient lamp. As early as the eighth century BC in the Tang Dynasty, there were records of the reasons for using lanterns.

What are the legends about the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns?

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the sky is as clear as water and the moon is as bright as a mirror, which can be described as a beautiful scene. However, people are not satisfied with this, so there is a custom of burning lanterns to help the moon. In Huguang area, it is customary to stack tiles on the tower and burn lights on it. In Jiangnan, there is a custom of making lanterns. In the modern Mid-Autumn Festival, the custom of burning lanterns is more popular. Today, Zhou Yunjin and He He said in their article "Talking about the Four Seasons": "The lanterns in Guangdong are the most prosperous, and every household uses bamboo sticks to tie lanterns ten days before the festival.

Make fruits, birds and animals, fish and insects and the words' Celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival', and paint various colors on the paste paper. Mid-autumn night lanterns are tied to bamboo poles with ropes, and the height of the trees is on tile eaves or terraces, or they are made into glyphs or hung on the heights of houses with small lights, commonly known as' Mid-Autumn Festival on the trees' or' Mid-Autumn Festival vertically'. Rich people can hang lights as high as tens of feet. Families gather under the lamp to enjoy drinking, and ordinary people erect a flagpole and two lanterns to enjoy themselves. The city is full of lights and glass. From ancient times to the present, the scale of the custom of burning lanterns in Mid-Autumn Festival seems to be second only to the Lantern Festival.

Summary: In ancient times, especially in Jiangnan, Mid-Autumn Festival was a very lively activity, and many people liked it very much. The main meaning of this kind of burning lamp is auspicious, and it is also a way of life for ordinary people. This lively activity only has the word Lantern Festival.

The Legend or Origin of Lanterns The lanterns in China are also called lanterns. Originated in the Western Han Dynasty more than 1800 years ago, red lanterns symbolizing reunion are hung around the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year to create a festive atmosphere. Later, lanterns became a symbol of happiness for the people of China. Through the inheritance and development of lantern artists in past dynasties, colorful varieties and exquisite craftsmanship have been formed. There are palace lanterns, gauze lanterns, chandeliers and so on. From the modeling point of view, there are figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, dragons and phoenixes, fish and insects, etc. Besides, there are lanterns for people to enjoy. Lanterns in China are made of bamboo, wood, rattan, straw, animal horn, metal, silk and other materials produced in various regions, combining painting art, paper cutting, paper binding, acupuncture and other technologies. Palace lanterns and gauze lanterns are the most famous lanterns in ancient China.

Lanterns are closely related to people's lives in China. There are lanterns everywhere in temples and living rooms. After careful calculation, China had lanterns after the Qin and Han Dynasties, and paper lanterns probably after the invention of paper in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Lanterns in China are not only used for lighting, but also a symbol. Wu Dunhou said that he used to make bridal lanterns (that is, palace lanterns) to represent wedding celebrations; Bamboo lanterns announce that this is a funeral occasion; Umbrella lamp (word surname lamp), because the pronunciation of "lamp" and "ding" is the same, indicating that people are prosperous. Therefore, in the past, every household had a surname lamp hanging under the eaves and in the living room. Today, there are still two big lanterns in front of God's head, which is a continuation of this custom.

However, Yuanxiao is probably the most reverie and expectation of Lantern Festival. The custom of watching lanterns on the Lantern Festival originated in the early Han Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, in order to celebrate the country's prosperity and security, people hung lanterns and used flashing lights to symbolize "lucky dragons, rich people and strong country", and the custom of playing lanterns was widely spread. When Zhu Yuanzhang established Nanjing as his capital, he burned 10,000 water lanterns on the Qinhuai River. During the Yongle period, a lamppost was erected at the Wumen Gate and a "light market" was set outside the Huamen Gate, so that there was still a "dengshikou" street in Peiping. After the Republic of China, the Lantern Festival continued, but it was much more dull. Fortunately, nowadays lanterns gradually occupy an important position in home decoration because of their popularity in China. But now the material of lanterns has changed from paper and bamboo to cloth, plastic and iron wire, and the shape and color of lanterns are very different from traditional ones.

Traditionally, temples are mainly yellow, and the size and color of lanterns are changed according to personal preferences, which has no symbolic significance.

Lanterns have other meanings besides lighting. Private school (ancient school) in the first month of each year.

At the beginning of school, parents will prepare a lantern for their children, which will be lit by the teacher, symbolizing the bright future of the students. It's called "turning on the light". Later, it evolved into the custom of carrying lanterns on the Lantern Festival. Because the pronunciation is similar to "Tianding", lanterns are also used to pray for children. In the Japanese occupation era, patriots painted folk stories on lanterns to teach their children and grandchildren to know their own culture, so it has the significance of being passed down from generation to generation.

According to its shape, lanterns are currently divided into Quanzhou style and Fuzhou style. Among them, Quanzhou style is the representative of China lanterns.

Quanzhou lantern

In general, weaving anti-state lamps is mainly made of tough and elastic Zhu Gui and hemp fences.

The production process is as follows:

(a) Put the bamboo in the steam room for half an hour, then take it out and put it in the shade to dry, but it shall not be excessively dried or exposed to strong light.

(2) Use a bamboo plane to shave off the rough epidermis of the cow's face.

(3) the length required for cutting bamboo strips; This depends on the size of the lantern.

(4) The lamp holder is crossed by weaving method.

(5) Tie several bamboo rings on the lamp wall in the middle of the lamp holder.

(6) Paste (install) lanterns with cotton yarn first, and then paste two layers of lantern glossy paper. If there is no glossy paper, fine cotton paper will do. ) Paste cotton gauze, first brush the diluted gauze evenly on the surface of the skeleton, then gently stick the cut gauze on the lamp holder, and then brush it flat with a brush dipped in paste. It should be noted here that the brush for brushing the paste must be a clean brush, otherwise the lamp surface will be messy. At the same time, the pasted paper must be pasted without seams in order to be truly pasted.

(7) Put the lanterns in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

(8) painting. Painted with personal patterns, such as figures, eight immortals, flowers and birds, ladies and so on.

(9) After painting, decide whether to write or not according to the situation. When the characters and patterns are completely dried, coat them with tung oil, and then let tung oil dry in the shade, and the lantern is finished.

Fuzhou Lantern-also known as Umbrella Lantern

Zhu Gui: This is the most widely planted bamboo in Taiwan Province Province. Hard and elastic, suitable for fishing rods, brooms and other appliances.

Bamboo strips: Bamboo is split into bamboo strips, which are called "bamboo strips". Punch holes at the upper and lower ends of the bamboo stick and thread them with iron wire.

Bamboo Head: Grooves are carved on the bamboo joints in Zhu Gui and fixed with thick iron wires to form the head and bottom of bamboo lanterns.

Exercise:

1. Install the bamboo pole with iron wire on the bamboo head base.

2. Install the bamboo pole on the groove, and finally tie the bamboo head with iron wire to form a bamboo frame.

3. Stand against the ground and slowly push the bamboo frame down until it becomes tubular.

4. Fold the bamboo stick by hand and adjust the shape, curvature and spacing of the lantern bamboo stick.

5. Tie cotton thread on the top of the lantern to fix the bamboo stick.

6. Spread the white yarn on the bamboo strips and fix it with paste.

7. Wait for the gauze to dry before applying agar.

8. After drying in the shade, the cylindrical umbrella lamp is shaped.

9. Then draw and draw. Generally speaking, the characters are scarlet, and the pictures are auspicious paintings, such as the Eight Immortals crossing the sea and Fu Lushou's Samsung.

10. Finally, put the base on the bamboo head and decorate it, and it is finished.

Types of lanterns

The word surname lamp: one side of the lamp is the surname, and the other side is the official name once owned by the ancestors. For example, the surname Xie is Prince Shaobao, and the surname Zheng is Yanping.

Auspicious lamp: One side of the lamp is the surname or the name of a god, and the other side is an auspicious pattern such as the Eight Immortals (Lv Dongbin, He Xiangu, etc. ) and Fu Lushou Samsung.

Ordinary type: like a Chinese character lamp and an auspicious lamp, one side is a surname, a god's name or auspicious words, and the other side is an auspicious pattern.

Official lamp: the characters and pictures drawn on the lamp are the same as those on ordinary lamps, except that the bottom is black and the characters are gold. This kind of lantern can only be hung if it is given by the emperor.