Yizhou customs. What is the specific meaning of custom?

Yizhou was the land of "Xi 'ou" and "Luojia" in ancient times, where Zhuang people lived, created and enjoyed Zhuang customs and culture. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, a large number of Han Chinese and Central Plains cultures moved in, and Yizhou became the political, economic and cultural center of northwest Guangxi. Especially in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, convenient land and water transportation promoted the prosperity of local commerce and economy. Businessmen from all over the country gathered in Qingyuan, Huaiyuan and Sancha, and some tourists and craftsmen also stopped at Desheng, Longtou, Beiya, Beishan and Luoxi. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), social changes, increasingly civilized social customs, foreign customs into Yizhou, local festivals and customs more diverse, more colorful activities.

First, the custom of New Year's Day.

Local festivals in Yizhou are celebrated by Zhuang, Han and other ethnic minorities during the busy farming season, such as the 15th day of the first month, the February Festival, the Qingming Festival in March (March 3rd), April 8th, May 5th, June 6th, July 7th (July 14th), August 15th, September Chongyang, October Chao (Hakka Festival), November winter solstice and December 30th (October 30th). Although there is a festival every month, it is different in weight and nationality. Zhuang people celebrate New Year's Eve, the fifteenth day of the first month, the third day of March, Tomb-Sweeping Day, the seventh day of July and the fifteenth day of August. Han people emphasize New Year's Eve, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 14th, August 15th, Double Ninth Festival and winter solstice. The aquarium in Longtou Township has an aquarium festival, and there is a Wang Yao Festival in Beiya and Longfu Yao Township. Among them, New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day of the first month is Yizhou New Year.

New Year's Eve is commonly known as New Year's Eve. On this day, every household will complete the housework that must be completed. As the saying goes, "Thirty things to do in thirty nights". Then, stick couplets and stick a door to God. Some families will post poems, banners, figures or landscape pictures (New Year pictures) in the main room (hall). In the afternoon, put a incense table and put three fruits to worship the ancestors; After everything was over, the family arrived and began a rich reunion dinner; After dinner, people begin to "keep watch for the New Year". When the rooster crows in the early morning, every family will set off firecrackers to welcome the New Year.

The first to fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the leisure time for China New Year, greeting each other, visiting relatives and friends, and singing folk songs in Xu. On the first day of the first month, every family has a draft (glutinous rice balls) in the morning; Don't sweep the floor, don't sweep the house, don't use knives, don't cause prison disaster, don't dump tea waste water, and don't dump food. People pay attention to clothes, and children must wear new clothes, hats and shoes. Children (grandchildren) pay New Year greetings to the elderly, and the elderly give red envelopes to their children and grandchildren. On the second day of the Lunar New Year, the married daughter takes uncle and nephew home to pay a New Year call. Her uncle will "package" (including fresh pork or bacon and tofu balls), and so will her uncles and cousins. Brothers at home take turns to invite their brothers and uncles to dinner (one meal for each family), and each adult will give a red envelope to the children of other families to make a profit. From the second day of junior high school, there are dragons and lions in the streets and alleys of the county, and urban and rural residents can visit relatives and friends, catch up with songs and sing folk songs.

Lantern Festival is held on the fifteenth day of the first month. In the streets of Qingyuan, Huaiyuan, Sancha and other places, there are dragon dances, lion dances, pavilions, top horses, lanterns and other festivals during the day, and lions rob the green at night. There is a beautiful saying in the Lantern Festival in Qingyuan City: "There is a cannon on the lion south street at the east gate and a dragon lantern at the west gate at the north gate", that is, the Guangdong lions dancing in the east of the city (now Wenchang community) have superb skills, while the south street is mostly a mansion of rich gentry and giants. The fireworks and firecrackers set off by the Dragon and Lion Team during the New Year's greetings last for a long time and are particularly powerful. Residents living in Beimen Street are good at making sign lights, and the sign lights perform brilliantly. Huaiyuan, a commercial port town with a history of thousands of years, is famous for its Lantern Festival custom. The custom of dragon dancing is dragon dancing. The dragon body is generally 9 knots (9 meters) and the longest is 2 1 knot (2 1 meter). Before Longyou, go to Sanjiaozui Wharf (the wharf where Longjiang River and Zhongzhou River meet) to "open the light" (uncover the red silk cloth covering Tianzhu). During the Dragon Tour, there were herring, carp and mandarin fish wrapped in paper. Huaiyuan lion dance is also a big lion in Guangdong, and it is a dance performance by two people. When the Lions travel, drums and music are everywhere, accompanied by martial arts teams and boxers, "monkeys" with paper masks and "arhats" who are always smiling are also around. Tiger, top horse, playing cards and gambling are wonderful activities of Huaiyuan Lantern Festival. The pavilion is decorated with male and female drama characters sitting on the open-door sedan chair decorated with colorful paper flowers, birds, insects and fish, carried by four or eight people. The top horse is a beautiful horse on which children dress up as dramatic characters. Tiger's top horse is equipped with gongs and drums and playing cards. Playing cards for money is to hang copper coins strung in the middle of bamboo poles on the beard and hit the jaw and wrist with bamboo poles respectively. Dragon dance, lion dance and lion dance (commonly known as cat lion dance) are also held in Longtou, Qingtan and Luoxi villages, while Hakka people in Jiao Ling, Jiulong, Cunwei and Qiaotou villages in luo xi zhen, especially dance grass on the 15th night of the first month, so that families in Longyou village can pray for the New Year.

1958 During the Great Leap Forward to the Cultural Revolution, dragon dances, lion dances to celebrate the New Year, outings in Taige, auspicious words of "congratulations on getting rich" and folk songs sung by the masses were all resisted and criticized as "the four old" and "bourgeois", and it was not until 1980 after the reform and opening up that they gradually recovered.

Sacrificial society is a traditional folk festival in Yizhou urban and rural areas. Before liberation, the streets of county towns and villages in rural areas all had their own social kings. The king of the country was carved out of stone and placed on the altar of the country at the edge of the village or at the head of the village to enjoy the villagers' sacrifices during the Spring and Autumn Festival and peacetime. The social king is the god who protects the peace of the village (street) and has the power to arbitrate between right and wrong. Therefore, there is a saying that "the country doesn't talk, the tiger doesn't dare to enter the village". When the farmland suffers from droughts, floods, diseases and other disasters, the villagers worship and pray for a good harvest. Another example is that there is a dispute between the neighbors in the village street, and they also swear to prove their innocence in front of the social king. The Spring and Autumn Festival Society means more about the bumper harvest of crops in spring, the prosperity of six animals, and the blessing of the grateful society king in autumn, and a year of peace. The activities of the Sacrificial Society in the Spring and Autumn Period are organized by the "Shetou", that is, all the residents in the village (street) are called to raise funds to buy three sacrifices, kill pigs or cattle, and then one person from the whole village or each household goes to the social altar to "eat the society" (have a dinner). Except for "eating the society", pork is evenly distributed to each household. On the day of sacrificing to the country, everyone in other villages will be invited to "eat the country" to celebrate the country day. Sacrificial activities were forbidden during the Cultural Revolution. After the reform and opening up, many villages gradually recovered. Its main significance is to gather feelings and celebrate the harvest, but this practice is no longer in the town.

Qingming Qingming is a traditional family education festival to remember ancestors, educate younger generations and carry forward family style. The most important activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day is grave-sweeping. The significance of sweeping graves lies in carefully pursuing the distance, drinking water and thinking about the source, and appreciating the kindness of ancestors. During their stay in Tomb-Sweeping Day, Yizhou, Zhuang, Han and other ethnic minorities all swept graves on selected days, cleared weeds and added soil to the whole grave, lit incense and candles, placed pork, chicken, wine, meals and fruits, paid homage to their deceased relatives, burned paper money and set off firecrackers. This process is called Qingming.

For Tomb-Sweeping Day, Han people usually go to the grave in the form of family (great-grandfather or below). When they come back from the grave, every family will worship their own incense table, and then they will have dinner or eat separately. Most Zhuang people go to graves to sweep graves, and there is also the custom of Qingming, that is, all the people in the same family share the money or take turns to be masters to pay for Qingming activities. When the Zhuang people sweep graves in Qingming, they have the custom of having a picnic with their relatives and friends in front of the tomb when they sweep the last tomb, that is, cutting some pork with a knife to send wine and eating glutinous rice and Ai Mo. Be a grave-sweeper and come back for dinner to celebrate.

On March 3, Yizhou is a place where Zhuang, Han and other ethnic groups live together. However, due to the different national traditions and customs, there are also differences in commemorative forms and folk activities on the traditional festival March 3.

The "March 3rd" festival activities of the Han nationality mainly include offering sacrifices to commemorate Fuxi's intercourse with Nu Wa to create the ancestor of mankind, and praying for the healthy growth of future generations through offering sacrifices to gods. Hakka's sacrificial activities are called "worshipping the bed girl". Sacrifice activities are usually carried out by housewives. After offering sacrifices in the incense hall, the sacrifices are brought to the bed of the newlyweds for sacrifice. Sacrifices are colored glutinous rice, boiled eggs dyed red and scented paper candles. Nowadays, Han people's awareness of the "March 3" festival has faded, and only some families still retain the custom of eating five-color glutinous rice and giving their children red eggs.

The main activities of the Zhuang people's "March 3rd" Festival are to catch up with and hold a song festival. Young men and women sing and talk about love, but on this day, they also steam five-color glutinous rice, boil red eggs and worship their ancestors.

Yizhou singing folk songs and catching up with the song meeting can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty at the earliest. In the Qing Dynasty, the merchants in Zhifu, Qingyuan, praised the Zhuang people's song fair in Yang Yi Xing Chun Ci, saying that "the children in the village came out in groups and sang without swinging". In the 1960s, a cultural person once said that "on the third day of March, Yishan was full of duets", which showed the prosperity of folk songs in Yizhou Zhuang Township. Xu Ge is more common in rural areas in northern areas such as Liuhe, Xiangbei and Ma 'an. The main characters of the song club are young men and women of Zhuang nationality. They go to listen to folk songs, meet old friends, find new friends, talk about love, find people they like and sow the seeds of love. This is the ultimate goal of young men and women to catch up with the song and sing folk songs.

Villages in Liuhe, Xiangbei, Ma 'an and other places in northern Yizhou belong to mountainous areas, and almost all of them are Zhuang languages. The folk songs sung here are pure Zhuang songs, and the folk songs are called Gu Huan. In Xu Ge, the content of "Gu Huan" is immediate, immediate and emotional, and it is sung with the editing. In Qingyuan, Luoxi, Luodong, Ai Shan, Larry and other places in the middle, east and southwest, even Zhuang people sing folk songs in the local Guiliu dialect of Yizhou, which is a kind of folk song in China.

1984, the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region officially designated the "March 3rd" Song Festival as a national festival of the Zhuang nationality. Yizhou made full use of the "March 3" national festival of Zhuang nationality, held various folk song art festivals (competitions), and widely publicized the party's principles and policies, which received good social effects. Today, the "March 3" song meeting spontaneously formed by Yizhou folk still shows the extremely strong folk characteristics of Zhuang's "Valentine's Day".

April 8th is a festival for Zhuang and Han people in rural Yizhou to celebrate Niu Qingsheng, commonly known as "Cow Festival". "Qingyuan Prefecture Records" records that "on April 8th, colored rice wrapped in loquat leaves in the countryside was fed to cattle". On that day, the farmers of Zhuang and Han nationalities didn't wait, ride horses or beat cows, cleaned the cowshed, took the cows to the river to wash and wipe their bodies, and then took them to the lawn to meet many cows, which was called "cow nature". In the evening, when Petunia comes home, the Zhuang people will hold a ceremony to respect the cow in front of the door: the elders will pack a bag of five-color glutinous rice and insert three sticks of incense. The family walked around the cow in the order of generations, chanting "cow, cow, plow, rake you as the head, rely on you all year round." Then they feed the cows with five-color glutinous rice, and everyone touches the cows. After Penny entered the fence, the whole family * *. Nowadays, people in the village often joke that "your birthday is April 8", implying that this person is stupid or stubborn as an ox. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, on April 8 every year, the county town had the custom of traveling with the Three Masters Bodhisattvas, hoping for local peace. Now agricultural production is basically mechanized, and there are few cows in rural areas. April 8 is no longer Niu Qingsheng, but people need to enjoy the food of "five-colored glutinous rice".

In Yizhou, the Dragon Boat Festival is usually called the fifth day of May. The main contents of the festival are exorcism, making zongzi and dragon boat racing.

Avoid evil spirits. Before the festival, every household went to the market to buy Chinese herbal medicines such as Acorus calamus, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Rhizoma Atractylodis and Realgar to ward off evil spirits. On the fifth day of the fifth day, calamus and mugwort leaves were inserted in the front door of the house, and the children hung sachets to ward off evil spirits. Atractylodes lancea was burned at home, realgar wine was sprinkled, and maple leaves, wall climbing wind and grapefruit leaves were used to boil water for a bath. After the ancestor worship, the whole family has a dinner, and everyone drinks realgar wine to ward off evil spirits.

Go to the method. Rural people in Yizhou have the custom of taking medicine to ward off evil spirits on the fifth day of May. "Customs of Qingyuan Prefecture" records: "Poisoning is only for strong women and livestock. According to legend, on May 5th, people went to the mountain stream, spread new cloth and jewelry silver hairpin on the ground, and held a basin of water next to it. The women sang and danced naked to overthrow the drug king, and the lizard poisonous insect turned into magic as soon as it entered the bathtub. The wife of animal law is often called "witch doctor". Anyone who is enchanted by the "medicine girl" will "die of heart cramps within a few days or years." On May 5th (Dragon Boat Festival), Wang Yao (a kind of herbal medicine) was mashed by the Han people in Yizhou and mixed with glutinous rice to make medicinal steamed bread, while the medicinal steamed bread fried by the Zhuang people in Desheng was made of Chinese herbal medicines such as Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Caulis Spatholobi and Carp Tail. It is customary to think that medicinal steamed bread can avoid being caught in the middle, especially Hakka people think that this custom has been passed down to this day.

Bao jiaozi. On the third and fourth days of May, people began to make zongzi. The raw material of zongzi is glutinous rice, and there are pork belly, ribs, chestnuts, mung beans, peanuts and sesame seeds in jiaozi. According to the shape and size, there are triangle dumplings, big dumplings and pillow dumplings; According to taste, there are hot jiaozi and cool jiaozi. Zhuang people like to wrap dumplings and pillow dumplings. Each big zongzi is glutinous rice 1 ~ 2 Jin, and the stuffing is pork belly strips and chestnuts. They are wrapped in winter leaves or bamboo leaves and boiled for an hour. Each pillow zongzi uses 5 ~ 6 Jin of glutinous rice, and the stuffing is the same as that of the big zongzi. Wrap and bind with bamboo leaves or awn leaves and cook for 3 ~ 4 hours. Most zongzi and pillow zongzi are cold. Glutinous rice must be soaked in plant ash water (alkaline water) for several hours before it can be wrapped, so zongzi can be stored for a long time without deterioration. Generally speaking, people in the city wrap triangular zongzi, which is delicious, easy to wrap and cook, extremely convenient and does not need to stay for a long time; Farmers in rural areas like to make big dumplings and pillow dumplings. Big dumplings are good gifts. Pillow dumplings can be kept for a long time and enjoyed slowly. After the reform and opening up, the custom of avoiding evil spirits has faded, and the principle of "gourmet" has been emphasized more and more in the production and consumption of zongzi.

Dragon boat race. Dragon boat races in history began in memory of Qu Yuan and have been circulating in China for more than two thousand years. Most Han people hold dragon boat races on the Dragon Boat Festival every year. Since the Song Dynasty, a large number of Han people have moved to Yizhou, and many Chinese cultures have spread and influenced in Yizhou. Of course, the dragon boat race is based in Yizhou without exception. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, during the Dragon Boat Festival, local governments or private chambers of commerce will hold dragon boat races in Huaiyuan. Qingyuan, Huaiyuan, Lalang, Xiaolong and even Liucheng, Liujiang and Rongxian (now Rongshui County) all joined the team. After liberation, dragon boat races gradually decreased.

July Festival, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, is a festival set up by the Zhuang people in Yizhou to welcome their ancestors. From this day to the fourteenth day, the married daughter must buy scented paper candles and a live duck to go back to her parents' home to worship her ancestors.

July 14 is the Mid-Autumn Festival, commonly known as Ghost Festival, and the local Zhuang and Han people in Yizhou celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the day when the Zhuang people send their ancestors back to the underworld. The festival is very grand: they buy meat to kill chickens and ducks, prepare three kinds of fruits, set up incense tables to worship their ancestors, burn paper money, paper clothes, paper gold ingots and silver ingots after the festival, then wrap the burnt things with lotus leaves, insert three sticks of incense and bring them to the river to float on the water, so that they can go downstream, indicating that they want to send their ancestors back by water, such as wrapping lotus leaves. /kloc-on 0/4, the Han people set up a sacrifice, lit incense sticks and provided three kinds of fruits to welcome their ancestors home for the holidays. After the sacrifice, they burned paper money, paper clothes, paper gold ingots and silver ingots, and sprinkled wine on paper ashes to show their ancestors to go home.

In Wei towns such as Huaiyuan, Sancha, Luoxi and Longtou, there are Han Chinese who come from other places to do business (move), and they also have the habit of throwing rice at wild ghosts on the night of July 14, that is, each family lights a few incense at the door at night, burns a few pieces of paper money and sprinkles rice on the ground for wild ghosts to enjoy. There are many businessmen from other provinces in Huaiyuan, and each guild hall raises funds to ask ghost teachers to do Dojo to pour rice for wild ghosts. During the July Festival (from the seventh day to the fourteenth day), children are forbidden to swim by the river to wash and enjoy the cool, which means that they are afraid of being caught by a drowning fool to be a body double.

Ghost Festival in July is an important folk festival for China people to commemorate and sacrifice their deceased ancestors. It has a long history. After the founding of New China, it has always been regarded as the main goal of "breaking superstition, changing customs" and "criticizing feudalism, capitalism and repairing illegal goods". After China's reform and opening up, this folk custom was gradually reborn and restored.

Mid-Autumn Festival On the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, all ethnic groups in Yizhou have had the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival, and the content of the festival activities varies from ethnic group to regional group. Urban residents and rural Han families celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, relatives and friends exchange moon cakes, and the whole family get together after offering sacrifices to their ancestors and have a sumptuous Mid-Autumn Festival dinner. After dinner, put a table in front of the courtyard (people living in the town) or in the courtyard, and put moon cakes and fruits (grapefruit, citrus, banana, pomegranate or taro) to light incense for the bright spot of the moon. There are two kinds of homemade moon cakes: white rice cakes and yellow moon cakes. White rice moon cakes are made by frying glutinous rice, grinding it into cakes and steaming it; Cake is like a full moon, its size is uncertain, ranging from eight or nine pounds to seven or eight pounds. There are "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and flowers, birds, fish and insects on the cake surface. Qiu, Zhou Mingshan and Hu Debiao of Huaiyuan Street were famous folk mooncake painters in the Republic of China. White rice moon cakes are relatively thin, so there is no stuffing or less stuffing, which will be used in the month. Yellow moon cake is made of flour as the raw material of cake crust, filled with stuffing, molded into cakes and baked, and its color is deep yellow and bright, so it is called yellow cake. Yellow cake is not big, but the stuffing is very thick; Cake stuffing is determined according to national tastes and family economic conditions. Sweet in the south and salty in the north. The family economy is well-off, and the raw materials for cake stuffing are excellent and rich. Poor family, poor raw materials.

Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival celebrated by Zhuang people in rural areas, making moon cakes for relatives and friends, offering sacrifices to ancestors, and having Mid-Autumn dinner with family members. The moon is the same as the moon worshipped by the Han people. In addition, Zhuang women in Desheng, Ai Shan, Ma 'an, Liuhe, Luoxi and Luodong will get together to invite the "Seven Grandmothers" and other activities. "Customs of Qingyuan House" records that the Zhuang people in Yishan are "vulgar", and they don't offer the moon on the night of August 15, and they are female and faint. His soul is attached to him, he can sing and dance, and the people say that he is forbidden. "

Over the past 30 years of rural reform and opening up, people in urban and rural areas have become increasingly rich in material life and cultural life. The moon cakes made on August 15 become more and more exquisite, while activities such as offering the moon, inviting "forbidden" and "seven aunts" are replaced by entertainment activities such as enjoying the moon, drinking tea, barbecuing supper and karaoke.

Singing folk songs is also one of the important activities of urban and rural people in Yizhou on August 15th. On August 15, in Qingyuan, Desheng, Ma 'an, Liuhe, Aishan, Luodong, Luoxi, Shibie and other villages, Zhuang and Han men and women automatically gathered in Tiandong, Lingpo, Shan 'ao and other places to sing folk songs, and there were songs in Ma 'an, Liuhe and other Zhuang inhabited areas. Folk songs include Zhuang songs, folk songs and Chinese songs. The content of the folk songs sung is very extensive, including production, life, family and love, but most of them ridicule and say love.

Since the Song Dynasty, the education and culture of Yizhou have developed earlier, influenced by the cultural customs of the Central Plains. The Double Ninth Festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month has become a * * * festival for local Han and Zhuang nationalities, and the content of climbing mountains to enjoy autumn and respect for the elderly has been passed down to this day. Yizhou Han people have the custom of "climbing mountains in nine days", in Japan, Qingyuan, Huaiyuan and other towns, leading street (Yongshun Tusi Department). Bureaucrats, officials, scholars, students and some rural gentry and businessmen often go to Huixian Mountain and Yishan in the north of the city, Batan Mountain in Huaiyuan and Xilongshan, the leading mountain, to entertain themselves with fitness activities or enjoy autumn poems, and some people go to the wild to sing folk songs and play. In rural farmhouses, the Double Ninth Festival is mainly about respecting the elderly. There is a saying among the Zhuang people in Desheng Town that "99 will be one year old and become immortal at the age of 100", which is a family banquet to honor the elderly. Qingtan Village, Shibie Town has the custom of jumping grass dragons on the Double Ninth Festival to celebrate peace. They designated the ninth day of the ninth lunar month as "Peace Day", which was the day when the village organized the slaughter of pigs and sheep to sacrifice to grass dragons. Then the villagers had a "Peace Day" dinner and danced grass dragons to celebrate. 1989, the state designated the ninth day of the ninth lunar month as "Respect for the Elderly". Yizhou people skillfully combined traditional customs with modern civilization, making the Double Ninth Festival a festival for the elderly to respect, love and help them, inheriting Chinese traditional filial piety culture and customs, and building a harmonious and happy society.

October Dynasty is the first day of October in the lunar calendar, which is called "October Dynasty (Zhao Nian)" by Hakkas and is a traditional festival in Zhongzhou area. This is a Hakka festival that has been preserved since the Hakkas moved south. This festival aims to send cold clothes to their ancestors and worship their souls. On this day, Hakkas scattered in Qingyuan, Huaiyuan, Luoxi and Longtou Town prepare pork, kill chickens, make Ciba, set incense tables to worship their ancestors, and then burn paper money and clothes. After the worship, the family has a dinner. Nowadays, the content of sending warm clothes to ancestors and offering sacrifices to ancestors' souls has faded, only for making Bazin and family dinner.

The Winter Solstice Festival originated in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Later generations attacked each other, mainly because the emperor offered sacrifices to heaven and the people offered sacrifices to their ancestors. The dietary customs from winter solstice are jiaozi in the north and Tangyuan in the south. Yizhou has the custom of winter solstice festival. On the solstice of early winter, people in cities and rural areas cook jiaozi to eat. Dinner is called "Toothache Festival", with dog meat, mutton, "tofu jiaozi" and other delicacies. In fact, the winter solstice is a festival of the Han nationality. The Han people in Yizhou celebrate the winter solstice very solemnly, which is called the "Asian Year", while the Hakkas call it "the winter solstice is too (big) to celebrate the New Year". Early that morning, everyone ate a bowl of glutinous rice balls, which contained chopped fried peanuts or sesame seeds mixed with sugar, and then set a table of incense and prepared three kinds of fruits to sacrifice to their ancestors. The dishes for dinner are very rich. Nowadays, the winter solstice has gradually faded away. Only on the solstice of winter do Han people begin to make bacon and sausages, and let them air-dry and oil in the sun to welcome the New Year. (Zhuang people kill pigs to make bacon sausages in the New Year, and smoke them with fire, which has a unique flavor. )

Wang Pan Festival of Yao nationality is the third largest ethnic group in Yizhou, and the Yao nationality mainly lives in Beiya and Longfu Yao townships. The festival of Yao nationality is an important festival of Pan Hu ancestors. In Yizhou, every year on the 29th day of the fifth lunar month, Yao men, women and children all put on their own national holiday costumes and get together to hold an activity of offering sacrifices to King Pan. The sacrificial ceremony is simple and solemn, offering sacrifices to Wang Pan's ancestors in the form of singing, toasting, dancing and burning incense, and tracing back to history. The songs they sang were music songs with the theme of "Song of King Pan", while the dance was drum group dance (duet or duet) and bronze encouragement. After the ceremony, men, women and children get together for dinner and drinking, eating meat in large pieces and drinking in large bowls, which is a manifestation of the unrestrained character of Yao people. Yao dance "Huoshenle" in Beiya Township and Yao folk sports "Lion Climbing the Mountain" and "Fire Fighting for Lights" are excellent national folk sports items excavated, sorted out and refined from Wang Pan festival dance activities. They have become award-winning items for Yizhou City to represent Guangxi in the National Games, and are also highly praised for visiting Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia.

Yizhou, the end festival of the aquarium, is one of the settlements of the aquarium in Guangxi, and Longtou Township is the township where the aquarium lives in Yizhou. The Shui people have their own script "Shui Shu" and their own calendar "Shui Li", and the festivals of the Shui people are set according to Shui Li's calculation. Duanjie is the "Hai" day between December (August of the lunar calendar) and February of the aquarium New Year (September and October of the lunar calendar). Also known as borrowing, spreading and eating, it is the most important festival of the Shui people (equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people). Yizhou Shui people celebrate Duanduan Festival (Mao Festival in Nandan and Hechi), which is to bid farewell to the old year, celebrate the harvest and offer sacrifices to ancestors. On the night before Duanjie Festival (equivalent to China's New Year's Eve), every family should put on record to pay homage to their ancestors. Families with bronze drums (or leather drums) put the bronze drums (or leather drums) in front of the case, sprinkled wine and hung them on the roof beams, and the whole family played drums and danced together to show farewell to the old and welcome the new. Dances include defending, sowing and harvesting, and celebrating the harvest; The dance steps are vigorous and beautiful; Melody from slow to fast, voice from low to high. In the early morning (equivalent to the first day of the first year of the Han nationality), sacrifices were placed and sacrifices began. It is forbidden to eat meat, except fish, in the sacrifice of the aquarium. Sacrifices include fish, tofu, dried bamboo shoots, peanuts, fruits, new glutinous rice cakes, new rice and new rice wine to show a bumper harvest. On the morning of Duanjie (the first day of the Lunar New Year), families slaughter chickens and ducks, prepare rich food and wine to welcome guests who come to visit us, and people go door to door to pay New Year greetings to each other and taste new wine and rice. Every family that receives New Year greetings gives fish, sugar and fruit to New Year visitors. The more people come to pay New Year greetings, the more auspicious and glorious the family will be. In ancient times, the customs of social activities such as horse racing, bronze drum racing and "rushing to the end of the slope" at the end of the festival were gone now.

Second, holiday customs.

Yizhou is an ancient custom to celebrate every happiness. Building a house, moving to a new house, tying the knot, celebrating the full moon birthday, adding meals on birthdays, even worshiping monks' relatives, playing blue music and recognizing sisters are all festive events, and there are customs to celebrate happiness.

Building a house by laying the foundation stone is a great event and a happy event for families of all ethnic groups in Yizhou. When rural families build houses, they all choose to sit near mountains and rivers, facing south, and there is also a trend of "left green dragon, right white tiger". After determining the foundation address of the house, the foundation stone will be laid one day. Laying the cornerstone, Yizhou is commonly known as "Anji", "calming the nerves" or "strengthening the feet". On that day, the master asked Mr. Feng Shui to set up a compass, measure and draw lines, prepare pork, chicken, fish, incense, candles and paper money, and set up a memorial ceremony. When the auspicious time came, he set off firecrackers and shoveled the ground to open the foundation. On the occasion of laying the foundation stone, brothers, relatives and friends from the same village came uninvited to congratulate and help. After work, the host family will hold a sumptuous banquet filled with food and wine, and invite the elders and brothers and relatives at home to celebrate the joy of laying the foundation stone. There are as few as five or six tables and as many as a dozen tables. The banquet was full of joy. This custom of being happy, helping neighbors and getting something for nothing is also reflected in the whole process of building houses such as quarrying, logging, preparing materials, digging wall bricks and covering tiles.

Moving to a new house, whether in the city or the countryside, follows the local custom-choose a lucky one to enter the house. The form of choosing a good luck to enter the house varies with different nationalities and regions. Han people in Qingyuan, Huaiyuan, Desheng, Luoxi, Ai Shan and other towns burn a bunch of open flames (now charcoal fire) to keep warm before entering the house. When the auspicious moment comes, they will shoot into the house. The host will first move the abacus of the daily necessities scale into the house, and then relatives and friends will help move all kinds of furniture into the new house for decoration. Before entering the house, the Zhuang people in Wei Desheng Road and Shannon area were led into the house by Taoist priests chanting Buddha in a low voice and holding torches, followed by householders holding incense burners, housewives carrying water, and relatives and friends carrying furniture. After entering the house, the lay people took torches from the Taoist priests and lit a fire in the house. Everyone shared the delicious hot glutinous rice. In Desheng Rorty area, people enter houses at night. On auspicious days, the host family took a copper coin in his left hand and a bucket of white rice in his right hand and led his family into the house. After that, they made a fire and stayed up all night to show their future prosperity. After the ceremony of entering the house, the householder gave a banquet in the new house as a reward. All relatives and friends who come to celebrate the completion of the new house and move to a new home will give gifts and red envelopes. A housewife's unmarried brother must send a rooster to announce the dawn of her new home and a big wall clock to ring the bell to announce the good news. The housewarming wedding banquets are all sumptuous. Guests and friends push cups for a change, drink heartily, or invite each other to drink carefully and talk and laugh at will. After 2000, most urban families and a few rural families like to hold banquets when they move to new houses in hotels and restaurants. On the one hand, it saves a lot of hard work in catering, on the other hand, it also shows the demeanor of economic status. However, the vulgar feeling of villagers and neighbors seems to be heavily suppressed by the grand style of the restaurant.

Marriage is an important event in life and must be celebrated. "Qingyuan Fuzhi" contains the marriage customs of Han and Zhuang nationalities in Yizhou: "The marriage of Han nationality is divided into betel nut, pig, wine and fruit; The bride saw her uncle and aunt standing. ..... The local custom of marriage, pig to cow, not eat areca, fruit and so on. My husband used two young girls and a local witch to guide her, and thirty or fifty men and women sent her. The bride covered herself with an umbrella and walked to her husband's house, where she sat singing. The bride went back to her family and never saw her husband again. " This is a common local wedding custom in Yizhou before the Qing Dynasty, but the customs of "pigs, wine and fruits are distributed to relatives all over the country" and "thirty or fifty men and women give an umbrella to a woman, and the bride walks to her husband's house to sing together" are still continuing in rural areas.

The main procedures and customs of wedding banquets of Zhuang nationality. Pick up relatives. When the marriage between men and women is confirmed, the man chooses an auspicious day to marry the bride, which is called taking the bride. On the day before the wedding, the groom's family should prepare a banquet for the elders, brothers and sisters, relatives and friends at home, and must especially welcome grandparents, uncles and menstrual cousins. The groom's family sent the bride's family to pick her up. The bride's house consists of the groom's two sisters and some young men who bring gifts to the bride's house (depending on the number of gifts). Generally speaking, the bride's family must arrive at the bride's house the day before she goes out. Sing folk songs at night and stay up all night. The groom doesn't go to the woman's house when he sees relatives. The bride gets married. The day before the bride's wedding, the woman's family hosted a banquet to entertain the man's guests, relatives and friends. The next day, the bride's wedding ceremony: the bride was helped out of the boudoir by the bridesmaid, singing a wedding song, offering incense to the incense burner, offering tea to the parents and elders in the class, and then carried out by her brother or uncle. Before going out, my sister-in-law tied the umbrella in twos and threes, and then gave it to the bride's sister for support. Then the bride's sister-in-law or aunt sprinkled white rice on her head, wishing her plenty of food and clothing, and then walked out of the house. When the bride gets married, there are dozens of young women or boys (the bride's brother must send them), and the bride's sister-in-law or aunt is the spokesperson of the bride's farewell team. On the way to the groom's house on foot, the bride stops when she meets a bridge or ravine, and she has to receive money from her relatives to move on. When the bride came to the village, a middle-aged woman from the groom's family symbolically cleaned the road more than ten feet with a bamboo broom, which meant to sweep away evil. When the bride comes to the door, the groom's family has a wedding procession and sings the song of stopping the door. Only after the two sides sing the song can the farewell party enter the door. After the bride enters the door, an elderly woman in the groom's family will hold the guide and avoid stepping on the threshold. After the bride bowed to Xiangzu, she entered the bridal chamber, followed by the farewell party, and the groom stepped on the bride's footprints and came to the bridal chamber, meaning that she would not be bullied by the bride after marriage. At the beginning of the banquet, the groom's uncle sat in the first place, and the groom toasted the farewell guests one by one. After that, both men and women sang Song of Praise. After the banquet, the bride and her sisters returned to the bridal chamber, and the groom was forbidden to enter. It was night, and the song stayed up all night. The next day, the bride and the people at the farewell party returned to the bride's house after breakfast. The male singers at the groom's house sang farewell, and some sang for more than ten miles. Since the 1960s, the marriage customs of Zhuang nationality have changed gradually.