What are the origins and customs of the Spring Festival?

1. [Spring] refers to spring. Yang Zhenchuan: "There is no snow in winter and no rain in spring." The poem "Spring Day" by Emperor Liang Yuan of the Southern Dynasties: "Spring is still beautiful in spring, and the spring breeze has passed." Liang Jiangyan in the Southern Dynasties wrote Xiao Zhang's Miscellaneous Poems: "There is a spring, and I am worried about autumn." In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi's poem "January Day" said, "In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su. Every family always trades new peaches for old ones every day. "

2. [Spring Festival travel rush] column name. The beginning of ancient spring. Today refers to the first day of the first lunar month, that is, the year of China, which is the beginning of the lunar year and a traditional grand festival in China (including New Year's Eve and the second and third days of the second lunar month). The old title Song Youmao's "All Tang Poems and Wang Qi": "In the Spring Festival, it's hard to stop doing good things, and three or five people can't help themselves." Wen Song's tianxiang poem "Prison": "Three days before the Spring Festival, the early years of Jiangxiang." Wei Wei's Who is the cutest person? Firewire Spring Festival Night: "Day and night on the south bank of the Han River, who would have thought that this day was the Spring Festival?"

3. [Lunar New Year's Day] The first day of the first lunar month. Gregorian calendar date is not fixed, generally between 1, 2 1 and February 20th. For more than 2,000 years before the Qing Dynasty, beginning of spring among the 24 solar terms was designated as the beginning of a year (equivalent to the current Spring Festival), which means that spring begins on this day.

[Edit this paragraph] Festival introduction

The Spring Festival is coming, which means that spring is coming, everything is renewed, vegetation is renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season is about to begin. People have just spent the long winter in the world of ice and snow, and have long been looking forward to the day when spring flowers are full of vitality. When the new year comes, it is natural to greet this festival with joy and singing.

Spring Festival is also called Lunar New Year, Lunar New Year, Lunar New Year and Lunar New Year, commonly known as "Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year". The Spring Festival has a long history, which originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Shang Dynasty. In ancient times, the Spring Festival once referred to beginning of spring in the 24 solar terms, and later it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month (that is, the first day of the first lunar month), which was regarded as the beginning of the lunar year, that is, the beginning of a year. According to the China lunar calendar, the first day of the first month is called Yuanri, Chen Yuan, Jacky, Yuanshuo and New Year's Day, commonly known as the first day of the first month. This is the biggest and most lively traditional festival in China. In the traditional sense, the Spring Festival, from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month in La Worship, or the 23rd and 24th of the twelfth lunar month, to the end of the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month, and even to the whole first lunar month in some places, reaches its climax on New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month.

Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival of Han nationality. During the traditional festival Spring Festival, people will hold various celebrations, most of which focus on offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, offering sacrifices to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, welcoming the new and welcoming the good, and praying for a bumper harvest. Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong, Li, Manchu, Mongolian, etc. There is also the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival has its own national characteristics.

The Spring Festival is the main festival to celebrate the New Year in many countries and regions in East Asia. Vietnamese is called "Tt Nguyên án" (New Year) and Japanese is called "the first month" (Note: the Japanese festival "the first month" is similar to the New Year in China, that is, 1. After the Meiji Restoration, it was renamed the old first month. Now, besides China, Korean Peninsula, Viet Nam and Japan, Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in Mongolia, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places.

Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China. The word "Spring Festival" has been selected as the largest festival in China, and world record association and China rank first among the four traditional festivals in China. On May 20th, 2006, the folk custom of "Spring Festival" was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

According to Er Ya, Yao and Shun called the year "Zai", Xia called it "Nian", Shang called it "Sacrifice", and it was not until Zhou called it "Nian".

The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, also known as the lunar year, commonly known as "Chinese New Year". This is an ancient traditional festival with the oldest, grandest and most lively folk history in China, and it is also the same festival for Han and Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong and Li nationalities. Han people celebrate the Spring Festival for a long time, usually from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month to the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month.

The Spring Festival has a history of three or four thousand years. It turned out to be the first day of the lunar new year, which is what people usually call Chinese New Year. It originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors throughout the Shang Dynasty. There are also many legends about this year. In ancient times, the Spring Festival was called "January Festival", "New Year", "Zheng Dan", "New Year" and "Sanyuan Festival" and so on. After the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), in order to conform to the agricultural season and facilitate statistics, the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated that people should use the summer calendar, and institutions, factories, mines, schools and organizations should adopt the Gregorian calendar, with Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as "New Year's Day" and the first month of the lunar calendar. According to research, the Spring Festival became an official title after the Revolution of 1911. In June, Wuchang Uprising191.10.12.31.65438 The Hubei military government issued the Notice of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the Conversion of the Republic of China to the Gregorian Calendar, which clearly called the annual festival "Spring Festival". 1949 On September 27th, New China was formally established. At the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference, the Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day was designated as New Year's Day, commonly known as the Gregorian calendar year. The first day of the first lunar month is usually around beginning of spring, so the first day of the first lunar month is designated as the "Spring Festival", commonly known as the Lunar New Year, which further clarifies that the first day of the first lunar month is called the "Spring Festival", and the name of the "Spring Festival" has been officially included in the festival code of China, and it has indeed been widely circulated so far.

The long historical years have made the content of the annual custom activities extremely colorful. Among them, the superstitious contents of offering sacrifices to heaven and gods were gradually eliminated, and the contents rich in life interest such as pasting Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, pasting the word "Fu", cutting window grilles, steaming rice cakes and wrapping jiaozi were handed down.