There is a beautiful Loulan kingdom on the lake of Lop Nur in ancient China, which is the only pass of the ancient Silk Road.

It is located in the north of Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China today, 220km southwest of Ruoqiang County and 28km east of the west bank of Lop Nur. The ancient city is located at 89 55' 22 east longitude and 40 29' 55 north latitude. The earliest discoverer of Loulan Kingdom was Swedish explorer Sven Hedin. 1900 At the beginning of March, the Heding expedition came to the Rob wasteland along the left riverbed of the dry Peacock River, only to find that their shovel was accidentally lost in the campsite when crossing a desert last night. Harding had to send his assistant back to find it. The assistant quickly took back the shovel and even picked up some wood carvings. Harding was so excited to see the ruins that he decided to dig them. 190 1 in March, Sven Hedin began to excavate, and found a stupa, three halls, wood carving building components with Greek art and culture, five baht money, a letter in Luwen and many other cultural relics. Later, they found many beacon towers in the southeast of this ruin, which continued to an ancient city buried by wind and sand on the bank of Xiloulan, Lop Nur. This is the ancient city of Loulan. [4]? Loulan is one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions, bordering Dunhuang and closely related to the Han Dynasty around A.D. The records of Loulan in ancient times are based on the Records of Hanshu Biography of the Western Regions, Faxian and Xuanzang. Hanshu Biography of the Western Regions records: "Shanshan Kingdom, whose real name is Loulan, Wang Zhi Qianni City, goes to Yangguan for 1,600 miles and Chang 'an for 6,100 miles. 1570 households, 4.4 1 10,000 people. Fa Xian said: "This land is rugged and barren. The layman's clothes are the same as those of Han, but the carpet is different in brown. Its king obeys the law. There are more than 4000 monks who know Hinayana Buddhism. "Genjyo Sanzo made a very simple explanation at the end of the trip." From then on, he traveled more than 1000 miles to the northeast, to the old country of Jianbo, that is, the land of Loulan. "Loulan was originally a small tribe that was half-farming and half-grazing with water. The discovery of a large number of microliths in Loulan Tomb and Lop Nur shows that Loulan was originally a nomadic people. After the opening of the Silk Road, local civilization, especially Han civilization, was introduced into Loulan, which accelerated the development of urban civilization of Loulan people. Loulan has always been a mysterious place for Chinese and foreign archaeologists, historians and geographers. Two thousand years ago, it was an important transportation hub on the Silk Road, connecting north and south and meeting east and west. The most prosperous shopping mall in western China in ancient times. The residents here also grow wheat and raise cattle and sheep. Their daily necessities are Hu Yangmu, ox horn and straw products. Why did this famous ancient shopping mall disappear without a trace in a very short time? What's hidden in this? In the process of the destruction of Loulan, the destruction of ecological environment played an important role in fueling the flames. Loulan used to be a vibrant oasis with a wide river network. However, the huge "Sun Tomb" has laid a hidden danger for the destruction of Loulan. The "Sun Tomb" has a strange and spectacular appearance. Around the tomb are seven layers of thin and thick logs. The stakes are orderly in thickness from the inside out. Outside the circle are rows of trees scattered radially in all directions, orderly and spectacular. The whole shape looks like a sun, and it is easy for people to have all kinds of mysterious associations. With the prevalence of "Sun Tomb", a large number of trees were cut down, which made Loulan people bury their homes unconsciously. According to the seven tombs that have been discovered, there are more than 1 10,000 logs, which is amazing. The destruction of ecology can not only be attributed to the "Sun Tomb", but the resultant force of various factors will inevitably lead to ecological imbalance. Loulan is located inland with a dry climate. Over time, the original green oasis can no longer remain green. In the unearthed Han bamboo slips, we can know the situation of the reduction of food rations of Loulan soldiers, which reflects the hardship of Loulan after the environmental deterioration from one side. In addition, it is entirely possible that the war directly led to the demise of the ancient country of Loulan. Before the era of maritime trade, there was only one long "Silk Road" for East-West trade. Countries along the "Silk Road", especially Shanshan, south of Tarim, have become important targets for looting by neighboring powers. Driven by human interests, it is also an important force leading to environmental changes. In the 4th century, Loulan was gradually abandoned. The main reason is that the ancient road from Dunhuang to the western regions has developed greatly since the 4th century. In addition to passing through Yizhou (now Hami), there is also a newly developed sea channel with more convenient transportation. The change of traffic route immediately made Loulan lose its position on the Silk Road. [7]?