Red and yellow cards in IT project management

There are many boys and girls in Guinea, and polygamy is still practiced in urban and rural areas. According to Islamic rules and local customs, a man can have four wives, and the last room can be changed at will, so there are more divorces, fewer divorces, more widows and fewer formal remarriages. In addition to being used to thinking that polygamy is a manifestation of showing off wealth, there are also needs for farming, small business and housework. Wives and concubines can generally live in harmony. If there is a dispute, their ranking is also in the order of entering the door. The first wife, known as the first lady, can participate in formal activities on behalf of her husband, have the right to control and manage the family's economic property, and make overall arrangements for the division of labor and daily housework. The first room is very close to each wing, even as close as sisters and mothers. If the husband is often with the youngest wife, it will be taken for granted by the main office or the elderly. Each wife's personal belongings are kept separately and do not interfere with each other. The husband decided to spend the night there as he wished. If the wife falls out of favor for a long time, the general affairs office will come forward to mediate and persuade the husband to balance the relationship and avoid leaving others out in the cold. Generally speaking, the youngest wife can not only be favored privately, but also often accompany her husband to social activities such as parties.

Polygamy limits the status of women. Compared with men, Guinean women are more hardworking, and their characteristics are more work, more children and more education.

Guinea has had the traditional rule between clans since ancient times, that is, there is no intermarriage within tribal clans. Young men and women who want to get married must go to other tribes and clans to find spouses. And many tribal clans are willing to accept prisoners of war, slaves, refugees and people who pay their debts with their bodies from other clans.

Therefore, there is no pure clan blood group in Guinea, and there is no obvious racial degradation caused by consanguineous marriage. Women are good at dressing up, especially young people. Although their hair is short and curly, they can add all kinds of fake braids, and their hairstyles are extremely complicated to show their tribe, status, age, marital status and personality. In the plateau area, women are good at things on the top of their heads since childhood, walking slowly, with graceful posture, graceful posture and better appearance than other black African people.

Because marriage is a symbol of women's social status, we can try to call unfamiliar young women "madam" instead of "miss" first, and it is not advisable to ask more about family affairs in social greetings.

There are many manners among Guineans, especially Muslims. For example, when they meet and say hello, they will give lengthy answers, and sometimes even ask family members, livestock and crops one by one. Acquaintances can hug each other and cover each other; Generally speaking, the handshake ceremony is welcome. When the younger generation or people with low status shake hands, they can kneel down and hold the right wrist with their left hand. When the right hand is not empty or unclean, please hold the right wrist. If you are waiting for an interview when visiting a unit, then later strangers should greet or even shake hands with the first visitors.

Boer people will take off their shoes outside the door before entering the house to say hello when they meet people with status. Susu people used to take off their shoes when they entered the back room. Calling each other brothers is a courtesy intimacy, and it is extremely rare to hook up with each other.

People who have just arrived in Guinea will find that the urban and rural residents here are accustomed to using their heads instead of their hands or shoulders. No matter how heavy they are, they like to put things on their heads, and their balance ability is very strong. Things on the top of the head can prevent sun and rain, free hands, and help the bone development of the waist, back, shoulders and neck.

Ordinary urban and rural residents usually brush their teeth with a stick in their mouth. The taste of sticks can be divided into two types according to color and function. With this kind of "brushing stick" containing plant medicine, the teeth set off by dark skin color can be particularly white and healthy. In addition, Guineans have big eyes and white eyes, and their eyes and teeth become eye-catching signs at night. Among African blacks, Guineans of Sudanese ethnic group are close to pure black, with brown hands and feet, black curls, big cleft eyes, black eyes, wide nose and wings, and thick lips, which were formed by the long-term adaptation of early humans to the natural environment in specific areas.

Although the diet structure is simple, the sanitary conditions are poor and the exercise is not popular, women are generally in good shape, while men are strong, energetic and have good endurance and flexibility.

There are still many customs in rural areas, such as:

Three interviews with Zhang Yue: Young people can keep secrets in the early days of love. If they want to make their relationship public, they need their parents' consent. The man used kolako as the mascot of marriage proposal, and gave 10 to his wife and husband for the first time. If accepted, it means "agreed in principle"; When worshiping again, the attitude of the woman's family towards Corago represents the result of the investigation of the man's character; Corago during the three worships can be regarded as an engagement gift, after which Sandao Pass can talk about marriage in detail.

Male and female circumcision: boy circumcision still has positive physiological effects, while female circumcision (clitoris removal to reduce sexual desire) is not vulgar. According to June1999+1October 2 1 Guinea's "Anti-Female Circumcision Day", it is estimated that there are still1-65438+32 million women in the world who are devastated by this barbaric act, and this phenomenon is mainly concentrated in 28 African countries. There are many casualties caused by unclean circumcision.

Marry after the husband: Some tribes have the custom of trying marriage. Young men and women live together with the consent of both parents, and then get married on an auspicious day after pregnancy or childbirth. It is considered a great happy event for the bride to take her children to a formal wedding, and the prospect of women breaking up because of infertility is worrying.

"Keeping the party safe": At some tribal weddings, my father-in-law gave my newlywed husband a whip. The symbolic meaning is: since I married my little daughter to you, you have the right to discipline her. If she refuses to obey discipline, please whip her for me. The son-in-law kissed the gift to show his respect and hung the whip in the center of the new house, symbolizing the supremacy of husband's power.

Marriage exchange and inheritance: Many tribes practice exchange marriage between brothers and sisters, that is, a man who proposes to a certain family must promise to marry his sister or female relatives in the future. If an engaged young man dies before marriage, his brother will marry in his place; If the fiancee dies before marriage, her sister will take her place. Inheriting marriage means that a widowed woman and her children are unconditionally inherited and raised by her husband's uncle, which naturally forms a new relationship between husband and wife and children.

In the past, the infant survival rate in Guinea was not high, partly because of the traditional habit of husbands delivering babies for their wives and parturients.

Clothing: National clothing is called "cloth", mainly cotton cloth, and prefers jacquard and batik fabrics, with bright colors, sharp contrast, exaggerated patterns and rich changes. Men's wear is mainly monochrome, with simple manufacturing method, sleeveless collar, elegant style and imposing appearance. It is not casual but casual to wear. It can be used for covering, shading, sheltering from rain, keeping out the cold, sleeping with bedding, carrying and storing money and things with big pockets hidden inside. Men of status wear Muslim white felt hats and white leather slippers on formal occasions. More exquisite women's dresses are mostly embroidered, with shoulders turned up and breasts pinched at a low waist. They are used to using the same color of head cloth, tops and skirts. In public places such as celebrations, women in the same group like to wear the same color clothes. Women's clothing material is very long, which can be wrapped around the waist at ordinary times, and infants can safely wrap it on their backs when giving birth; Tie a knot in the corner of the dress and you can use it as a wallet. Men and women are used to wearing flip-flops at ordinary times, and women's slippers with various patterns can enter the room anywhere. Locals are not cold-resistant, such as wearing warm clothes when the temperature is around 20 degrees. The clothing of urban residents tends to be simplified and westernized. It is not surprising that rural women are half naked before marriage, and urban women only wear bras and petticoats to the streets.

Food: The food is mainly root crops (cassava, sweet potato, potato), corn, rice and Faugno rice (FONIO), and sometimes tropical fruits such as mango, banana or citrus can be eaten; Carnivores are mainly cattle, sheep, poultry and aquatic products, and aquatic products such as scaleless fish and ugly shrimps and crabs are not eaten. Faugno rice is a drought-tolerant crop similar to grass seeds. Before eating, mash the rice into powder, pour it into a ladle with many fine holes, steam it in a pot filled with water, cook it and dry it in the sun to make balls, or mix it with meat and vegetables (such as tomatoes and peppers) for immediate use. Conakry's fried banana chips and potato chips, like pancakes and fried dough sticks in Jinjing, China, are all popular foods with good quality and low price. Many farmers grow sweet potatoes to get their leaves. Drinks generally do not contain alcohol, and yogurt made at home is often drunk. The more distinctive drinks are citron hot tea and roselle ice juice, which can relieve summer heat and repel mosquitoes. The fuel for cooking is charcoal, and eating mainly depends on hands. In urban and rural areas, Guineans generally maintain the simple and ancient style of "not eating alone". If there are visitors during meal time, they will have dinner whether they are familiar or not. Relatives from afar can eat and live indefinitely, sometimes even when the owner is poor.

Living: Houses in rural areas are mainly adobe huts. Although some houses with iron tile roofs are not insulated during the day, they have good heat dissipation effect at night. Ordinary houses have doors and no windows, and there is no bed on the floor, which can protect them from the wind and rain. Farmers' shacks in remote areas are similar to banpo village in Xi 'an, China in architectural form and internal and external structure. Houses are distributed in the parents' center, with wives and children living around, and there is basically no furniture in the room. Livestock and poultry are kept outdoors, and cooking, going to the toilet and entertaining guests are all outdoors. Traditional buildings in cities and towns adopt the form of large eaves or cloisters, which is conducive to ventilation and lighting. The living room is spacious, the kitchen and bathroom are complete and self-contained. There are few public toilets outdoors. Families above the urban middle class often own multiple houses, which are shared or rented by their wives and daughters for profit.

Ok: There are few bicycles and motorcycles in the city. Although some large buses have appeared in recent years, minibuses and taxis are still the main means of transportation for residents in this city. The minibus is unattractive, but it is very cheap. It takes only 100 franc to drive 5 kilometers. A car can often squeeze into more than 30 people. There are often no windows, lights and mirrors on the car body, and there is no fear of collision. It drives at a high speed and stops everywhere. There are many gestures when you want to take a taxi. Different gestures indicate going forward, turning around, turning left and right, and renting a car. Cars go left and right. The habit of driving in Guinea is different from that in China, that is, turning left at the intersection (bypassing the sentry box), honking less and flashing more lights, and showing more courtesy than warning when flashing headlights.

Car license plates are divided into six colors:

Green: government cars, prefix "VA", off-road vehicles are mostly senior officials.

Red: Ordinary cars, mainly private cars and corporate cars.

Black: taxis, minibuses and other urban means of transportation.

Yellow: Vehicles used by diplomatic and international organizations, such as the black and yellow "5-CD-" used by the Embassy of China.

Blue: temporary duty-free car, prefixed with "it".

White: military, police, constitutional and other special vehicles.

There is an international chain car rental business in Guinea, but the charge is higher.

The main car rental companies are: -avis guinee,

Tel: 415021; ——EUROPCAR GUINEE，

Tel: 44 50 22; -Lokaden, tel: 45 19 80.

All three companies work in independent hotels.

Entertainment: people can sing and dance, and play all night on weekends or festivals. The audience encourages performers to throw money on the stage, even put it on the stage themselves, or stuff it into the actress's bra. The main national percussion instruments are elephant-foot drums, also known as elephant-foot drums and balafeng xylophone; The plucked instruments are "Cora" with 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 strings. Guinea's famous folk bands tour Europe all the year round.

Men like playing chess and often get carried away at work. There are mainly African chess, each side 16 (chessboard is like chess); WARI's chessboard, with 24 pieces, is a long wooden box that can be locked together in pairs, with 12 holes and slots in it. Whoever can fill the same slot with four pieces in a row and win the most remaining pieces will win.

Children's favorite bungee jumping and hopscotch games are similar to those in China.

Watching football matches on the court, beside the TV or even in the narrow open space on the roadside is the public's favorite entertainment.

Scenery (unique to a place)

The Ningba Mountain Strict Nature Reserve, a United Nations World Heritage Site, is a unique landscape in Africa. Because of its special geographical location and abundant rainfall, animals and plants at different altitudes have their own characteristics. There are many special species in Guinea, including:

Viviparous frog: There is a viviparous toad in Ningba mountain area, which is very different from oviparous frogs in other places. Guinea issued a commemorative stamp for this purpose.

Drowning fish: There is a local floating fish that can only float on the water. When it enters the water, it will be drowned. Although it is a fish, its respiratory organs are similar to those of terrestrial animals.

Candle Snake: On Lobi Island in the Gulf of Guinea, residents often use a snake named "Ku Gaza" for lighting at night. This snake is as red as fire and contains a lot of fat. People take out their internal organs after catching snakes and put them in cotton cores to dry for later use. A dried snake burns like a candle, brighter than a kerosene lamp. A candle snake can usually be used for several nights.

Summer Sleeping Cushion Tree: There is a kind of banana-like tree, which is evergreen all year round, about 10 meter high, with a leaf length of 6 meters and a width of 3 meters. The leaves are smooth, spineless and fragrant, and it is cool and comfortable to lie on, which can be called a fun summer sleeping mat.

Strange bananas: The big bananas in Guinea generally weigh more than half a kilogram each. They are big, thick and not sweet, and they are often the staple food of residents. In the harvest season, bananas are used for three meals a day. Usually it can be dried and ground into powder, mixed with a little flour, baked into bread, and the aroma is overflowing; If sliced and fried, it is tender and delicious outside.

Another banana tree is seven or eight meters high. Bananas are small in size, high in quality, smooth and sweet, and melt in the mouth.

"Canary banana" is still bright in color and pure in taste after long-term storage.

folk custom

Guineans, no matter what kind of education they have received, are generally eloquent. Their language is sometimes implicit and sometimes straightforward, with rich feelings and often accompanied by exaggerated gestures. I am warm and generous to foreigners, especially to China people. I am willing to take the initiative to help and have high expectations. I dare to make demands without being ashamed of being rejected. The phenomenon of asking for gifts and tips is widespread in the whole society, and the colonial mentality is not carved out of the roots.

The whole people have a strong sense of doing business, but their family financial management ability is weak.

There is no lack of short-term behavior and pragmatism in dealing with people and things, and the concept of time is not strong. If you don't make an appointment in advance, you need patience.

Guineans say "words don't start work" has at least four meanings:

1, usually talk more and do less in work or push the Committee;

2, when asking for items, you should first signal, and reaching out directly will cause unhappiness;

3. The mouth can make a sound when kissing the face, and the position of the hand cannot be lower than the waist and back;

4. Once there is a dispute, there will be more quarrels and fewer fights.

Although Islam clearly stipulates that thieves can have their arms cut off, because Guineans live in poverty, there are many petty thieves, and the reporting procedures are cumbersome, the handling costs are high, and the detection rate is low. The authorities do not punish thieves severely, and the victims often go away.

taboo

Like other Islamic countries, we should try to avoid talking about pigs and their products; Do not take the initiative to respect alcohol and tobacco; Special respect should be given to Muslim food and the habit of praying at work; Don't ask questions to people who are praying; You are not allowed to enter the mosque without authorization. In the reading, ritual, fasting, attending classes and pilgrimage of the five pillars of Islam, "ritual" refers to five times of worship at dawn, noon, afternoon, dusk and night every day, each lasting about 20 minutes; "Fasting" means fasting for one month during the day in September of the lunar calendar every year.

When shaking hands for the first time, the host usually reaches out to the guests first, the high-ranking one reaches out to the low-ranking one, and the lady reaches out to the guests first; If the woman doesn't reach out to the visitor first, the man doesn't have to reach out and can nod; Shake hands with female guests lightly and quickly; Can't cross hands with four people; You can't shake hands with one foot outside the door and one foot inside. When it is inconvenient to shake hands, you can pat the other person's left shoulder first; If you are too dirty and tired, refusing to shake hands is a taboo.

It is unclean and disrespectful to pass things with your left hand. Don't touch your head when you are near the child.

When taking pictures of people, you should get the permission of the other party, and taking pictures indiscriminately or secretly may be considered as a bad motive; People in some places even think that photography can absorb the soul. Most people who want to take pictures want to get them, and their wishes should come true. You can't take photos in some confidential places or places where military and civilian facilities are unclear.

It is not advisable to bargain at will when making an inquiry. If the seller agrees to the final bid and then refuses to buy it, it may cause trouble.

Don't talk loudly in public places and look down on others; When there are outsiders, it is not advisable to always speak in your mother tongue and ignore others.

Compared with other West African countries, Guinea's ban on "pornography, gambling and drugs" is stricter.

Guineans have no important taboos about numbers and colors. However, due to the traditional Islamic concept, Guineans prefer odd numbers, that is, they respect single-digit "7" and "9" and double-digit "13". I like white. For example, white silk must be used for ribbon cutting, wedding, birth and death. In addition, many officials disdain to use the combination of blue, white and red with primitive colonial colors on formal occasions.