The History and Culture of Shunqing District

Shunqing has a long history, prosperous education, developed culture and many elites. Calendar for the county, state, government, road, road, department of governance. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were Ji Xin, Ji Tong and his son. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a great scholar Qiao Zhou; In the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a famous historian and author of The History of the Three Kingdoms, Chen Shou. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were Chen Yiqin and Chen Yubi who were "father and son"; In the Ming Dynasty, there was Ren Han, one of the eight talents in Jialing. And Huang Hui and other national pillars, literature and history known as "the master of poetry and calligraphy"

After the 20th century, Mr. Zhang Lan, a famous democratic revolutionary and educator, lived in Shunqing for a long time, engaged in patriotic and democratic activities and founded a new school. Zhu De, Luo Ruiqing, Ren and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation all accepted the influence of advanced ideas here in their early years and embarked on the revolutionary road. For thousands of years, the land of Shunqing has blended with other urban civilizations through land and water transportation, especially the migration of ethnic populations in the four historical periods of the late Song Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, which made the local culture and the foreign population grow together, and gradually formed Shunqing's reputation as a "loyal country" in the world with prosperous education, simple literary talent, love for music and dedication. In addition, North Sichuan Lantern Opera and North Sichuan Puppet are well-known at home and abroad, and they are the birthplace of the culture of the Three Kingdoms. The silk culture formed by planting mulberry and raising silkworms for more than two thousand years is unique. Shadow play in northern Sichuan, also known as light and shadow, is an ancient folk drama with a long history, dating back to the Han Dynasty. Shadow play in northern Sichuan, the characters are tall, the heads and hats are connected, and the heads and bodies can be changed. According to its size, it can be divided into three types: large, medium and small. The big one is 2 feet high, commonly known as the "door god". Medium-sized 1.5 feet high to 1.8 feet, known as the "two-door god", small and chic 0.8 feet high, known as the "little door god."

Northern Sichuan shadow play is active in Nanchong, Xichong, Nanbu, Langzhong, Yilong and other counties and villages. It is favored by people in mountainous areas for its vivid modeling, exquisite carving, exquisite performance, beautiful singing, funny plot and music. At present, there are more than 20 amateur shadow play troupes active in Jialing River Basin. The performance art of shadow play in northern Sichuan is unique. Shadow puppeteers in northern Sichuan can vividly express the thoughts and feelings of various characters and roles through pictures. Shadow figures on the screen, dancing step by step in Long Ta, Fengge, carved pavilions, red flowers and green trees, strange peaks and strange valleys, blue sea and blue sky, kill with their sleeves, as if they were true or not, which amazed the audience. Northern Sichuan Shadow Play enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. As early as 1932, Egon Ervinsky, a world-famous literary artist, visited China to inspect the art of shadow play and wrote a book praising the art of shadow play in northern Sichuan. 1988 Northern Sichuan Shadow Play was invited to visit and perform in Vienna, the city of music, and people from the United States, Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy and other countries rushed to watch it. Shadow play in northern Sichuan has since become famous all over the world.

With the famous Nanchong silk as its theme, the Silk Festival is a festival activity integrating economy, trade, culture and tourism. Held in Nanchong around September 25th every year. During the festival, Nanchong's famous, special, excellent and new products will be exhibited, silk plays and TV dramas will be broadcast, large-scale silk exhibitions and silk fashion shows will be held, film exhibitions, lantern exhibitions, calligraphy and painting exhibitions will be held, and professional markets such as finance, science and technology, talents, labor services and real estate will be opened. Tourists and businessmen from all over the country get together to discuss business or enjoy all kinds of silk clothes, while traveling around Nanchong and enjoying the scenery in northern Sichuan.

Nanchong folk custom-tourism, during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, most residents went out on foot or by wooden boat. Officials, businessmen and gentry often sit in sedan chairs, slide bars or ride horses. Rickshaws or animal-drawn carts are only used in cities or suburbs. Since 1950s, the transportation industry has developed rapidly.

During the Republic of China, every year on New Year's Eve, urban and rural residents should prepare sacrifices such as incense sticks, paper money, "pork pieces", water and wine at the courtyard dam, roadside or street to pray for a safe trip in the coming year, which is called "going out of town". This is the continuation of "Road Sacrifice" since Han and Tang Dynasties. When you go out for a long trip, you must set off on an auspicious day. Relatives and friends held a banquet to see them off. Have a safe trip. It is called "farewell dinner". When you go out, you should use a 3-foot-square cloth handkerchief and tilt your bag, commonly known as "baggage". At night, you usually stay in roadside shops or town hotels. There is an investment lantern outside the inn, which generally says "check in early;" Cock crow early to see the sky "and other conjunctions. In the early 1950s. Repair the main highway trunk lines; Establish a civil aviation station; The passenger trains from Nanchong to Longmen and Qingju set sail. In the 1960s, bus stops were established and bicycles gradually became popular. Residents choose cars, ships, planes, motorcycles, tricycles, bicycles and other means of transportation. In the 1950s, canvas bags were very popular among travelers. In the 1960s, canvas bags or artificial leather bags were mostly used. Generally strip-shaped, easy to carry. After 1980s, portable travel bags and suitcases became more and more popular. Customs such as "going out of heaven" have disappeared. Go away or go out for a long time, and friends and relatives will get together to see you off before going out. The traditional habit of returning to relatives and friends to meet guests still exists.

Funeral custom. In the old society, when people died, they had to set off "gas cannons" and burn "gas money". Please ask the founder of Yin and Yang to do the Dojo and carry the deceased to the main hall to enter the coffin. When carrying the dead, you should give an umbrella, that is, the dead can't see the sky. The deceased was wearing a pair of clothes and pants, usually 6 clothes and 3 pants.

Into the coffin, put the money pocket of the deceased, put paper money inside, and put a dog bun in the coffin. Dojo has 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days according to different economic conditions. Dojo to insert evocation coffins, do a few days, insert a few. Chanting during the day, singing at night (singing the song of dutiful son), clearing the way at night, breaking the prison (male), breaking the blood river (female), and setting off river lights (boats made of sorghum poles, lighting wax); Burn wax for the sky, light a ground lamp (light-shaped lamp), advise a letter (play with ghosts and gods), sit on a high platform and play with ghost marbles (3-4 big tables overlap, and rice tofu is cut into small pieces to make marbles). During the mourning, the deceased will be carried from the main house to the underground dam by eight people and placed on a stool, and the descendants of the deceased will kneel down to ask Jintou for help. Kneel down to eat a funeral meal, and then got up and broke the bowl.

At dawn, 16 people pulled the coffin with white cloth, flogged her along the way when going up the mountain for funeral, and picked up Mi Liang when they were buried. The teacher of Yin and Yang spoke well of the deceased, and later generations immediately ran home after picking up the rice, meaning that they walked fast and the first move was the best. Later, the helper pushed the earth and burned the fire field (buying houses and other accessories). Yin and Yang teachers should calculate the braking time according to the date of death of the deceased (the deceased was escorted back by the chicken feet god when he came home, and there was no second master), and wine was set at home and dust was sprinkled (in the main hall or the room where he died). Then burn it seven times (that is, burn paper money once every seven days and order the wrong incense).

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, superstition was broken and cremation was advocated. But there are still some people involved in old funerals and bad habits, but on a smaller scale.

Before liberation, Nanchong folk celebrated the New Year from the 16th of the twelfth lunar month to the 15th of the first month of the following year. Its activity is: falling down. Since the sixteenth day of the twelfth lunar month, the county government has stopped handling cases, which is called "Xiafu". In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), it was changed to "abundant food" for the last time in a year, so it was also called "Daoya". On this day, employees, apprentices and bookkeepers settle their wages and go home for the New Year. The livestock market stopped trading, and the bucket scales stopped collecting money. All finances are settled at this time.

The 30th day of the twelfth lunar month (the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month) is "New Year's Eve" (called "Thirty Nights"). At noon that day, every family has a group (back) New Year's Eve dinner, serving food in pairs, serving food at a sharp point, cutting the meat into large pieces, and serving the pig's head and tail (indicating that there is more than enough harvest, things start and end). I am used to eating slowly and talking until dark. So it's called "New Year's Eve". After dinner, the elders of the younger generation resigned, bowing and kowtowing), and the elders gave the younger generation "lucky money" This is the night when everyone makes a fire to keep warm. Turning on the light until the next morning is called "shou sui". On New Year's Eve (midnight), firecrackers are set off in urban and rural areas. On the first day of the first month, people get up early after talking, put on new clothes, have dinner without asking others, and have glutinous rice and glutinous rice balls for breakfast (meaning to get rich). And people who eat noodles. After breakfast, people flock to towns or temples to see a play or listen to the Oracle. No sweeping the floor, no knives, no injections that day; Avoid crying, quarreling and throwing things; Avoid talking about ghosts, death, choice, poverty, no, no repair, etc. There is a feudal superstition called "avoid the head in the first month and avoid the tail in the twelfth month." The first day to the tenth day of the first month is a lucky day for animals and people, which means: one chicken, three pigs, four sheep, five cows, six horses, seven people, eight silkworms and ten tigers in Kowloon. From the second day of junior high school, relatives and friends greet each other and pay New Year greetings to each other.

During this period, there are many fun-filled activities, such as catching up with temple fairs, singing Du Opera, stilts, social fires, floor tables, car lights and dragon and lion dances. On the fifteenth day of the first month, after the Lantern Festival, lanterns are hung, fire dragons are burned and lanterns are held. Men and women in the four townships get together to watch lanterns, and there are a sea of people.

After liberation, public officials had a three-day holiday during the Spring Festival, during which they carried out activities to support the army, support the government and love the people and various condolence activities. It has maintained the folk custom of paying New Year greetings for four years. Performing arts, singing and dancing and other cultural activities are carried out in both urban and rural areas. Spring Festival, New Year's Eve. Say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, artillery. One bloom after another. In Nanchong counties (cities), the fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival. In addition to the traditional dragon lanterns, hundreds of people take to the streets to perform. Besides lions, headlights and money sticks, there are yangko, waist drum, big head dance and hand encouragement. Novel and chic. Fireworks are intertwined at night. Rich and colorful. Most districts, townships and towns also organize cultural performances and set off firecrackers, fireworks and lanterns with gongs and drums. Main specialties: cocoon, citrus, silk, hand-painted silk, bean jelly in northern Sichuan, and Shunqing mutton powder.