Yongzheng and his Zhen people in Qing history —— Inside story of Zhen people's funeral after death

Introduction: Before the big burial, the coffin of Zhen people has to go through several processes: small burial and big burial. Small mourning is moved from the palace to the mourning palace, and big mourning is moved from the mourning palace to the mausoleum. The date of the funeral was calculated by Qin and an auspicious day was chosen. Because the coffin can't stay in the palace forever. Leave the coffin in the palace for at least 3 days. Here, I will talk about a few questions. One is a small funeral, from the palace to the funeral palace. Here, let me talk about the small burial of the Qing emperor first. The coffins of Qing emperors are usually kept in Gan Qing Palace. The length of the emperor's stay in Gan Qing Palace varies, depending on the specific circumstances: Sejong 25 days, Saint Zu 20 days, Sejong 18 days, Gaozong 20 days, Renzong 18 days, Xuanzong 18 days, Wenzong 165438 days. The emperor's burial palace changed slightly before and after Kangxi. After entering the customs, the burial palaces of Sejong and Shengzu were located in Shouhuang Hall in Jingshan. After Sejong ascended the pole, Shouhuang Hall was turned into a place to worship the sacred face of the holy father, which was inconvenient to store the coffins of later emperors. Therefore, from Gaozong to Dezong, Zigong, except Xuanzong, is enshrined in the Jingshan Guande Hall. Sejong lived in the Lama Temple when he was a prince. Therefore, after his death, he dedicated Zigong to You Yong Hall of Yonghe Palace, and Xuanzong's burial palace was in Zheng Da Guangming Hall of Yuanmingyuan. When Emperor Zigong moved from Gan Qing Palace to the burial palace, the emperor wanted to give him a respectful farewell, but the situation in each dynasty was different. When the sage sent his ancestors away, due to the care of Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, the sage only went out of Donghuamen and sat in a sedan chair to wait at Shouhuang Hall. When Sejong sent the Holy Father, Sejong sent him to the Shouhuang Temple in Jingshan. This system of sending him in one step was followed by later emperors. When Emperor Gaozong sent Sejong away, he carried the coffin to the Lama Temple, which was the farthest person to send the spirit to the Qing emperor. Renzong sent Gaozong, Xuanzong sent Renzong, and they all went to the Guande Hall. When Wenzong saw Xuanzong off, the burial palace was located in Yuanmingyuan, a long way away. Wenzong was known for his leg disease, so he went out to Di 'anmen and knelt down outside Yuanmingyuan Grand Palace by bus. When Mu Zong sent Wenzong away, the little emperor was only 6 years old. Naturally, he followed the example of Kangxi, helped the coffin to send him out of Donghuamen, and waited at the funeral palace all the way.

Zigong arrived at the funeral palace and should have stopped at the main hall. Sai-jo followed the Manchu cremation custom and set fire to the huge Zigong. During the reign of Taizu, Zigong was quickly cremated because the imperial system was unprepared. Taizu left a will and asked for a simple burial. Emperor Taizong was cremated in Zhaoling on August 9, the first year of Shunzhi, just one year after his death, which met the requirement that Emperor Tiandi was born in a strange year. Sai-jo's tribute was cremated on the day of the ceremony a hundred days later. After Sai-jo was cremated, his treasure palace was still enshrined in Guande Hall. During Zigong's funeral, the heirs should go to salute in time and accurately according to the regulations. The furnishings are complicated and the ceremony is complicated. There are: the first sacrificial ceremony, the first sacrificial ceremony, the first full moon ceremony, the big sacrificial ceremony, the Qingming ceremony, the Yin ceremony, the centennial ceremony, the year-end ceremony ... The most important thing is the book listing ceremony and the book listing ceremony. This ceremony was first held in the palace, and the emperor personally read it and saluted it. Then, put it in the yellow pavilion and carried it up. Like the emperor, after a few days in the palace, they will hold a small funeral in the funeral palace. The location of their burial palace is different, so the number of people carrying coffins will be different. Xiaozhuang, Xiaohui and Xiaoyi's funeral palace outside Chaoyangmen; A well-off burial palace on the dam; Cheng Xiao first went to the burial palace outside Xihuamen, and then moved to Shahegong Huacheng, north of the capital. Xiao Zhao started in Wuyingtang and later moved to Shahegong Huacheng in the north of Beijing. Xiao Gong is in Shouhuang Hall; Filial piety of Tamura's burial palace; Filial piety in Yuanmingyuan Jiujing Sanshitang; Filial piety, filial piety and filial piety are all in Jingshan Guande Hall; Xiao Jing is in Ying Hui Hall of Qichun Garden; Xiaozhe held a funeral in Yongsitang.

Zigong is quite labor-intensive in the process of transfer. Under the leadership of Lu Shu, Lu Shu can be said to be a huge guard of honor at Zigong funeral. Because of its numerous contents, there is no need to go into details here. After the halogen book was Dan, the people who carried the banner were divided into six classes, with 32 people in each class, 4 officials from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and 8 people in each class. After the flag, Zigong is the key. First of all, we should pay attention to ostentation and extravagance, but subject to conditions. If there are too many people, you can't bypass the bridge when you go out, so you have to preset Dayu and Xiaoyu. Inside the capital, there are 80 people in Dayu and 32 people in Xiaoyu. From the imperial palace to the burial palace, there are generally 6 classes with 80 people in each class. For those who carry coffins, a captain should be used at the end of the first class to show solemnity and neatness. People in other shifts should be composed of strong young civilian workers selected within five cities, and they should be given clothes, shoes and hats and given a bath. They should wear red embroidered clothes and yellow crowned felt hats, which are called poor people's clothes or driving clothes. When crossing the gate or bridge in Zigong, people should offer wine and burn incense. Outside the gate of the burial palace, eagles and dogs should be preset, which may be related to the early customs of Manchu and have Manchu characteristics.

The second is the great funeral, from the funeral palace to the mausoleum. Let me talk about the emperor's funeral first. The coffin of the Qing emperor stayed in the burial palace for different lengths of time. Sai-zu is 2 years and 2 months, Saint-zu is nearly 4 months, Sejong 1 month, Gaozong is more than 6 months, Renzong is 6 months, Xuanzong 1 0.5 months, Wenzong1year, Mu Zong/kloc-0.0 half months and Dezong is 4.5 months. It can be said that the longer Zi Gong stays in the funeral palace, the more opportunities the heirs have to salute and burn incense, and the more times they are filial. However, Zigong cannot stay in the burial palace indefinitely. When the mausoleum project is completed, Qin will choose a date and the Qing court will arrange a funeral date. Hundreds of miles of funeral journey, it is very hard to see off the people. Therefore, when Sai-jo went to the funeral, Wang cited ancient rituals to prevent himself from sending Bao to the palace. At that time, Empress Xiaozhuang also tried to prevent Michelle Ye from personally sending Bao Gong to the mausoleum. From the beginning of Sejong, the Qing emperor broke this system and could personally send Zigong to the mausoleum. However, during the Tongzhi period, when Emperor Xianfeng went to the funeral, the Empress Dowager of the two palaces accepted the invitation of the king and prevented the Tongzhi Emperor from sending Zigong to Dongling Hall on the grounds that the Tongzhi Emperor was young and on the grounds of ancient ceremony. Both the Empress Dowager and Emperor Tongzhi bid farewell to Xianfeng Zigong outside Dongzhimen. However, during the Guangxu period, the Empress Dowager went to Zigong for a funeral, but the Empress Dowager of the two palaces refused to accept the request of the king, and the young Emperor Guangxu was forced to personally attend the funeral and suffered from fatigue.

There are two kinds of halogen books at the funeral. One is driving a halogen book, and the other is riding a halogen book. In the places where coffins are parked in the Forbidden City, as well as in the Funeral Palace, Ludian, Temporary Security Office, Dahongmen of the Mausoleum and Long 'en Temple of the Mausoleum, the method of opening halogen books is adopted, that is, when the coffin is parked, it is necessary to open halogen books as much as possible. Riding halogen books were set in front of the funeral procession, some from the capital and some from the back of Ludian, the first stop. In short, it is a bitter book for Jia Lingxing. The French driver's halogen book should be handed over to the mausoleum minister for safekeeping after use, and it should be used in the mausoleum in case of major events. The book of riding halogen will be incinerated with money and crown clothes after the libation ceremony on the second day after the spiritual driving. When Ling arrived at the East and West Tombs, his son Gong was not buried in the underground palace immediately, but was temporarily placed in Pingxi. Sai-jo Bao Gong was placed in the reed hall in the mausoleum; Sanzu, Sejong, Gaozong, Renzong and Xuanzong were placed in the center of the Long 'en Hall of the Mausoleum; Wenzong and Mu Zong worked in the center of the mourning hall of Longfu Temple. The duration of peace offerings ranges from several years to only a few days, such as Gaozong 10 day, Renzong 7 days, and Zigong, Mu Zong nearly 5 years. The queen's coffin stayed in the funeral palace for different times. Like Qin Shihuang, when the mausoleum project is completed, Qin will choose a date and respectfully ask the court to arrange a date for the funeral. Before the funeral in Zigong, we should make full preparations. First of all, we should prepare a small hall for 32 people, a hall for 80 people, and a hall for 128 people. Then you must choose the coffin-carrying service, both capital city's. From the emperor, the empress dowager to the empress, 7920 people were selected to carry coffins. Once these young servants are selected, they should be given clothes, shoes, hats and money.

At the funeral, due to the large number of undertaker and different identities, different roads should be built. Zigong takes a route, with many people and wide roads. The emperor took another road, called Imperial Road. Where the Imperial Road passes, the road should be leveled in advance and covered with loess for application. After Zigong set out, the emperor went to Ludian from Imperial Road in advance to wait, and once the spirit arrived, he had to kneel down to meet him. After Jia Ling's departure, the Empress Dowager, Empress and other women should expect it. Once Jia Ling has gone away, she will follow. From the capital to the East and West Tombs, there are generally five journeys, each journey 1 reed hall. After sunset, the coffin stopped. In case of rain, it stopped here, or set up a tent temporarily. Ludian is called Huangbucheng, Huangmanteng and Huangwangcheng. When Jia Ling arrived, Chen Lu's book was in front of the door, and the emperor led his ministers to kneel outside the north gate. Jia Ling enters from the north gate, and Jia Ling drives in the middle of the temple. Chen Ce wrote a book on the left and right cases, giving a late ceremony. After the ceremony in the morning, the emperor knelt down and took Jia Ling from the south gate of Ludian. In the place where Jia Ling passed, the minister of civil and military affairs within a hundred miles of Fiona Fang knelt on the right side of the road in advance to meet him, waited for Jia Ling to pass by, and then went to the lodge, where he bowed three times and knocked nine times outside Huang Man. Evening ceremony, civil servants at the end of the blue flag, military attache at the end of the blue flag. When Jia Ling crosses the bridge, he will send two ministers to toast and burn money in turn. When Ling arrived at the East and West Tombs, his son Gong, like the emperor's coffin, had to be temporarily placed and then buried in the underground palace.

The third is a big burial, Zigong was buried in the underground palace. The grand burial is the most important and grand ceremony in the funeral after the Qing emperor, which is called Yong 'an Grand Ceremony. At that time, the emperor, queen, prince and officials will gather in the mausoleum and stand in order. 1 The day before Feng 'an, the emperor will lead his ministers to a funeral. Then, Zigong will go to Xiaoyu, and the emperor will personally lead Zigong down from the middle of the temple and walk along the east of the temple. Then, Zigong will go to the middle gate of the mausoleum, and the emperor will help the coffin to the platform in front of the city. Zigong in Feng 'an will be placed on the dragon in the middle of Ludian, and there will be one book on each case. The next day, Zigong was put into the underground palace, and the emperor personally helped the coffin down, with 65,438+00 eunuchs holding lights in front, and the hand-picked king went in with Zigong, worshipped Yong 'an on the stone bed, and then withdrew from the dragon car.

If the queen is buried in the mausoleum and the emperor is not dead, then the Shimen can't be closed. After the emperor was buried, Shimen could be closed from the inside out. Otherwise, it's all wet. In the eighth year of Jiaqing, Empress Xiaoshu was buried in the underground palace of Changling, and when she planned to make a suicide note, the ministers of the household department had a "great funeral" (Qing Emperor's Example). Emperor Jiaqing was very angry after reading it, and immediately ordered a severe reprimand: "Try to think that Shimen can be closed? It is closed and cannot be reopened. This auspicious land was given to me by the emperor, not to the queen. If Shimenguan is closed, do you want me to have another auspicious place? " As a result, a group of ministers who undertook the funeral were disposed of.