The Great Wall of Wan Li at Sea-the Beacon Tower in the Ming Sea.

Beacon tower is also called beacon tower, commonly known as smoke tower, meteor tower, battery, first aid station and smoke pier. The earthen fort post station built in ancient frontier defense sent soldiers to Ningwei, and when the enemy invaded, they called the police in a warning way. Up to now, the remains of beacon towers along the coast of Taizhou are widely distributed. These beacon towers have been preserved for a long time, but few are well preserved.

Since the end of Yuan Dynasty, Japanese pirates have frequently attacked. Many islands and villages along the coast of Taizhou have gradually become the foothold for Japanese pirates to plunder and invade, and coastal areas have also become the main areas for Japanese pirates to land, escape and plunder. In order to prevent problems, it is always necessary to set up guards, shelters and watchtowers along the coast in the early Ming Dynasty. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522~ 1566), the enemy reached its peak and beacon towers became more dense. At that time, in order to suppress the enemy, Hu Zongxian Du Shi wrote thirteen volumes of Compilation of Charts, which included all the Yugoslav capital, whistle and beacon towers along the coast.

Generally, these beacon towers are placed in high mountains and dangerous places, even if there are no mountains, they should be placed on the flat ground. Each beacon tower is roughly 30 to 50 miles apart to observe, transmit quickly and warn the enemy. In case of enemy situation, burn cigarettes during the day and make a fire at night.

Huo Feng Fire was built in the Ming Dynasty, with square stones and round mounds. According to Volume V of Six Classics of Tang Dynasty: "Where there is a bonfire, the rate is thirty miles away. If there are isolated hills, we must release them one by one, so that we can meet each other, not just 30 miles. They will also force the border people to build cities to release them. Every lighthouse has a handsome boy and a deputy. One torch, two torches, three torches and four torches vary with the number of thieves. "

Flagpoles are erected on each dock, flags are raised during the day, and lights are hung at night. There are also cannons, torches, gongs, knives and flints, and the kindling materials are complete. Beacon is the signal of ancient frontier defense alarm. Burning cigarettes during the day is called bonfire, and flat fire at night is called bonfire. "During the day, I lit a bonfire and looked at the smoke, and at night I raised a bonfire and looked at it. ..... all the mountains are safe, and there is a place to live. There are 1 to several people in each beacon tower. There must always be 1 people to watch the stroke in turn, and the rest are engaged in other defensive activities, such as salary accumulation, cooking and other chores. The firewood for burning cigarettes must be piled up beside the platform. If an enemy is found to have invaded the territory, the defenders will raise the wolf smoke as a signal, and raise the fire as a signal at night to express the enemy's situation, which will be continuously transmitted. The place where the beacon tower is set is called beacon tower, and the soldiers guarding the beacon tower are called beacon tower rate, or beacon tower. " "Yuan Jian Hou" quoted Tang: "After the Tang Dynasty lived, there were soldiers such as the beacon master, the deputy beacon, the beacon son and Gai Shoufeng, who were waiting for the beacon. "

According to the number of invasions and the urgency of military affairs, the signals sent can be expressed by different times of shooting, burning and raising beacons. Alarm signal: watch the wind and steal the ship at sea, open 1 gun and raise 1 beacon; The pirate ship approached the coast, fired two shots and raised two beacons; The pirates landed, fired three shots and raised three beacons. In the Qing Dynasty, fireworks horns were raised and seats were hung. "Military History of Qing Dynasty" contains: "Those who reach 100 people will hang up 1 seat and sound 1 cannon; To 300 people, hang 2 seats and sound 2 guns; To 500 people hang 3 seats and sound 3 guns; To a thousand people, hang 5 seats and sound 5 guns; Up to 10,000 people, hanging 7 seats and passing guns. "

In the Ming Dynasty, Qiansuo Qianhu had painted Meishan Fort and four beacon towers in Zhongshan (Qiansuo), Changsha (Market), Pan Qing (Shangpan Aoli) and Shile (Leishikeng). Before the Qing Dynasty, Zhaizi had jurisdiction over Thrushcross, Shore, Shisan, Zhi Zhu, Xinting and Liubao in Zhang 'an.

Today, the beacon tower left at the top of the mountain, based in Taozhu City, fanned out from the seaside and collided with each other with dotted lines, forming an information system to convey the enemy's situation. The structure of these beacon towers is mostly trapezoidal square, with the upper part closed and the lower part wide. Bricks are wrapped in stones and filled with mud and bricks. Today, the well-preserved beacon tower of Lion Mountain in Shangtang, Tao Zhu (7.3×6.3×3.3 meters) and Jishan Mountain in Du Qiao (9.6×6.6×3.37 meters) have stone steps in the west and a burning hall in the middle. The platform has a windbreak wall of about 0.7 meters, all of which retain the physical witness of the Ming Dynasty, but some of them were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s.

In the third national cultural relics survey in 2008, Linhai Museum registered the investigation points of coastal beacon towers. In coastal areas, Tao Zhu area: Shangtang Hou Feng (Shangtang Village), Shixiangshan Hou Feng (Tunzhi Village), Shoulu Mountain Hou Feng (Shizhuxia Village) and Shizhushan Hou Feng (outside Wukeng Village). Du Qiao area: Ganshan Hou Feng (Luoxi Mu Bai Fort), Market Mountain Hou Feng (Market Village), Zhizhushan Hou Feng (Jiuhua Village), Shisan Fort (South Sichuan Fort Village), Shangyangtou Fort (Xikou Village) and Hongdianshan Fort (Xikou Shangkeng Chashan). Shangpan area: Hou Feng in Muliang Athena Chu (Jinxingdun Village), Hou Feng in Laorenshan (Aoli Village), Hou Feng in Shile (Leishikeng Village), Hou Feng in Xiajiucheng (Old City Village) and Hou Feng in Dakeng Mountain (Zhu Duan Village). Xiaozhi area: Tanghe Hou Feng (Tanghe Village), Gangyaoling Hou Feng (Aokeng Village), Hutoushan Hou Feng (Chekou Zhongxi Village) and Duntai Mountain Hou Feng (Chekou xiazhai village). Dong Teng area: Fenshuiling Fort (Linggen Village is divided into mountains), Xiaxishan Hou Feng (Kangsan Village), Houshangang Hou Feng (Linggen Village), Xia Yuan Beacon Tower (Lingtou Chencun Village), Yanzidun (Jinkeng Village) and Xintingtou Hou Feng (Yongquan Xintingtou).

Nearby are Jiaojiang Qiansuo Town, Fengshantou Hou Feng (painting Meishan in Qiansuo Shuiwai Village), Taiping Mountain Hou Feng (Xie Zhang Cun Taiping Mountain), Huoshao Tan Feng Hou Feng (Dongshantou Village), Zhang Anfeng Hou Feng (Zhang 'an Duntou Village) and Zhenqiu Hou Feng (. Xianyanfeng in Sanmen County (Xianyan Village), Jiaohushan Hou Feng (Gaohu Village in Xiao Xiong), Zhang Si Ao Hou Feng (Zhang Ke Village in Xiao Xiong), Guantangqiao Hou Feng (Guantang Village in Xiao Xiong) and Xiatoufeng in Shangdao.

In the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (1343), Tao Zhu City was built, where Qi Jiguang fought against Japanese invaders. This ancient city played an important role as a military fortress in the war against Japanese invaders. Its coastal areas include Sanmen Jiantiao Ancient City, Jiaohu Inspection Department City, Zhi Tao Inspection Department City, Lianpan Inspection Department City, Tao Zhu Middle Old City, Shangpanxia Old City, Lianpan Inspection Department City, Qiansuo Acropolis, Haimen Acropolis, Xiao Xiong Flood, Lin Si Flood, Tao Zhu Flood, Shi Ying Flood, Shisan Flood, Xiaozhi Flood and Wuyan Flood.

The beacon tower stands at the top of the peaks, facing the smoke tower and connected with the tower pier, winding for hundreds of miles. It is a military defense project in the coastal defense industry in the Ming Dynasty. Beacon stations along the coast started construction one after another and informed each other. In an instant, the enemy's situation was transmitted to the headquarters in Wei Shuo, and it is possible to enter a state of war in a short time. Taking defense as the point, taking it as the point, taking the inspection department, the stockade flood and the beacon tower as the line, the Great Wall of Coastal Defence is formed. With the passage of time, beacon tower, as one of the important military facilities in ancient times, has become a precious cultural relic.

Ziwuling upper beacon tower

There is a vast green mountain range in Longdong area of our province. The mountains are north and south, the east screen is towering, and the mountains overlap? Westbound winds for dozens of kilometers, ravines and valleys, Liang Mao, rivers and streams. The ancients called purple in the north and noon in the south, so the mountain range is also called Ziwuling. According to historical records, after Qin unified China, the first emperor ordered General Meng Tian to build a straight road from the south to Yunyang (now north of Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province) to Jiuyuan (now north of Baotou City) to facilitate his northern tour. Today, on the Ziwuling Mountain, the ancient road of Qin Dynasty is still discernible, especially at the top of the mountain, where the ancient beacon tower still stands. In the spring of March, we came to Luoshanfu and Youfanggou in the hinterland of Ziwuling. Under the guidance of local forest farm workers, we accidentally found this relatively complete ancient beacon tower on Nianzi Mountain near Youfanggou. The beacon tower is located at the highest point of Nianzi Mountain, and there is no one around. When we arrived, the spring rain was hazy and we couldn't see far away. However, according to the workers in the forest farm, it stands here on a sunny day, and the other two ancient beacon towers at Fugoukou, Luoshan, more than ten miles away are also faintly visible. The beacon tower is about five meters high, with a square base and a side length of about seven meters. Due to the age, several lush pear trees on the stage and under the stage took root on them and looked like clothes. The clods falling from the beacon tower are hard, far exceeding the natural loess layer. At the same time, we can clearly see the traces left by tamping the foundation with a rammer when the beacon tower was built. Standing on the ancient beacon tower, looking at the endless meridian ridge, I can't help but sigh the changes and vicissitudes of history when I think of the frontier fortress soldiers defending their country. I hope this beacon tower left by our ancestors can stay between heaven and earth for a long time, and watch the unprecedented changes here together with the verdant meridian ridge.

Discovery of Bonfire Site in Han Dynasty in Ejina Banner 18, Inner Mongolia

Xinhuanet Hohhot 65438+1October 25th (Reporter Yoga Yu) The staff of the cultural relics department of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region recently discovered 18 beacon towers of the Han Dynasty during a general survey of Juyan site, which provided more abundant information for further study of Juyan site.

According to Fu Xingye, director of the Cultural Relics Management Office of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia, these newly discovered beacon towers are located in Dalaihubu Town, Dongfeng Town and Mazongshan Sumu Juyan Site Group in Ejina Banner. Affected by the harsh natural environment in the Gobi Desert, most beacon towers have collapsed into square earth platforms or round mounds, and some beacon towers are made of stone and transformed into Aobao.

"According to the gray pottery pieces found around the beacon towers and previous archaeological data, these beacon towers belong to Juyan site group, thus providing the latest precious data for studying the distribution of beacon towers in Juyan site group." Fu Xingye said.

At the same time, cultural relics workers also found a city site in the desert southeast of Jirigalangtugacha, Dalaihubu Town. Fu Xingye introduced that the plane of the city site is rectangular and the city wall is rammed. The four walls have been eroded by wind and sand into disconnected gaps, leaving only the base site. There are also several pieces of gray pottery scattered on the ground nearby, which is preliminarily inferred as the site of the Han Dynasty. As for whether it belongs to Juyan site group, further textual research is needed.

Juyan site group is located in Ejina Banner of Inner Mongolia and Jinta County of Gansu Province. It is distributed in an area about 250 kilometers long from north to south and 70 kilometers wide from east to west on both sides of Ejina River (called Heihe River in ancient times), with a total area of about 1.75 million square kilometers. Juyan site group is mainly the wall site of Han Dynasty. In 1930s, tens of thousands of bamboo slips were found here, which reflected the frontier defense situation in Han Dynasty.

Discovery of the beacon tower site in Sanjiang Port, Ezhou

At present, this mound full of shrubs and weeds has an extraordinary life experience. On 23rd, a group of bloggers and university professors began to feel the pulse at the site of the Three Kingdoms beacon tower in Wu Jingshan, Huarong District, Ezhou City.

According to a preliminary study, Wu Jingshan Site was one of the beacon towers along the Yangtze River in Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. Experts from Ezhou Museum said that during the third national cultural relics survey in 2009, the investigation team found a number of beacon towers along the Yangtze River in Soochow, the Three Kingdoms. Among them, Wu Jingshan Site is an irregular oval platform with a residual area of about 500 square meters. It is rammed in the middle of the top of Wu Jingshan, with a length of about 50m, a width of about 30m and an area of about1500m2. So far, no cultural relics have been collected.

Sanjiang Port, where the site is located, is under construction as the core port area of Wuhan New Port. Tong Liqun, a professor at Ezhou Vocational College, believes that "Sanjiangkou" has been mentioned many times in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is an important geographical location during the Three Kingdoms period, and its scope at least covers the present Duandian Town and Linjiang Township. Experts called for strengthening the protection of Fengjing site in Wu Jingshan, and put forward the idea of building "Sanjiangkou Ancient Yandun Cultural Industrial Park". Huarong District has listed it as a district-level cultural relics protection unit.

Wangganshan beacon tower former site

On the mountain outside Wang Gan Village in Qishi Township, the altitude is150m, the platform is 2m high and the bottom is about 5m long. It is composed of rocks, with six stone steps in the east, about 1m wide, and slightly collapsed in the northeast corner. On the stage, you can see Maoyu Port in the east and Qingshan Jiao Gang in the southwest. This platform was built in the Ming Dynasty.

Discovery of the beacon tower site in Sanjiang Port, Ezhou

At present, this mound full of shrubs and weeds has an extraordinary life experience. On 23rd, a group of bloggers and university professors began to feel the pulse at the site of the Three Kingdoms beacon tower in Wu Jingshan, Huarong District, Ezhou City.

According to a preliminary study, Wu Jingshan Site was one of the beacon towers along the Yangtze River in Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. Experts from Ezhou Museum said that during the third national cultural relics survey in 2009, the investigation team found a number of beacon towers along the Yangtze River in Soochow, the Three Kingdoms. Among them, Wu Jingshan Site is an irregular oval platform with a residual area of about 500 square meters. It is rammed in the middle of the top of Wu Jingshan, with a length of about 50m, a width of about 30m and an area of about1500m2. So far, no cultural relics have been collected.

Sanjiang Port, where the site is located, is under construction as the core port area of Wuhan New Port. Tong Liqun, a professor at Ezhou Vocational College, believes that "Sanjiangkou" has been mentioned many times in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is an important geographical location during the Three Kingdoms period, and its scope at least covers the present Duandian Town and Linjiang Township. Experts called for strengthening the protection of Fengjing site in Wu Jingshan, and put forward the idea of building "Sanjiangkou Ancient Yandun Cultural Industrial Park". Huarong District has listed it as a district-level cultural relics protection unit.

The central defender of the first beacon tower of the Great Wall in Wan Li appeared in the Western Han Dynasty.

On May 10, a huge square earth-rock building with a height of 14 m and a width of 32 m reappeared in front of people on the north side of Zhongwei Xiangshan Airport, as the construction workers carefully brushed away the century-old accumulated sand. Zhou Xinghua, a famous Great Wall expert in China and former director of Ningxia Museum, told reporters excitedly that this beacon tower was built in the Western Han Dynasty, which was the largest beacon tower in the Great Wall before the Ming Dynasty and the "First Great Wall in Wan Li".

In the northwest of zhongwei, there is a place called "Square Pier" by local people. Looking at the huge mound exposed outside the sand, the villagers nearby can't help but guess the story that happened here. Zhou Xinghua put forward the above research results a few days ago after a 20-year field trip to the Great Wall. He told reporters that it is rare that there is a military camp site next to the beacon tower, which is one of the best preserved military camps in Han Dynasty in China. According to the Ming History, Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty also instructed the establishment of a "mutual market" here to facilitate border trade between nomadic and farming peoples.

Because it is close to Tengger Desert, most of the city walls are buried by wind and sand all the year round, and the surrounding water level changes, so this section of the Great Wall needs to be protected urgently. With the consent of the autonomous region and the cultural relics management department of zhongwei, Ningxia Desert Ye Wei Tourism Co., Ltd. carried out protective cleaning of the "Sifang Pier" and quicksand connecting the city walls, and at the same time intensified archaeological efforts to dig deeply into the history and culture carried by this section of the Great Wall. After repeated argumentation of the planning, from the perspective of protecting the Great Wall, the surrounding 6,000 mu of desert lakes, 3,000 mu of natural Populus euphratica forest and the film and television location where "The Thorn Mausoleum" was filmed were unified planning, and protective development was carried out to create another trump card for Ningxia tourism. (Reporter Wang Jianhong, Chen Shangying)