Political behavior and politics of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty

-

The first year of birth (712)-the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756)

Xuanzong statue

Li Longji, the third son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Luoyang, the eastern capital, on August 5, in the year of Emperor Xuanzong (685). After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne again, he was canonized as the Crown Prince, inherited the Great Unification, and became the same emperor as Emperor Taizong in the history of the Tang Dynasty. Posthumous title is often called "Emperor Tang Ming" in history because he is "the most holy and filial".

The best Tang emperor

Xuanzong created several "best" emperors in the Tang Dynasty in his life.

First, the longest tenure. Xuanzong's imperial career lasted for 45 years from the first year of his life (7 12) to the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756). The so-called "four seasons are emperors" (twelve years in ancient times were one).

Second, life expectancy is the longest among male emperors (Wu Zetian is 82 years old). Xuanzong died at the age of 78, even longer than the 70-year-old of the founding emperor Tang Gaozu.

Third, make birthdays a national holiday. Xuanzong designated his birthday as "Qian Qiu Festival" (later changed to "Tianchang Festival"), and there was no precedent since ancient times. Xuanzong called it "self-destruction", and the country had a three-day holiday, and the ruling and opposition parties celebrated their birthdays with joy.

Fourth, Mount Tai was successfully sealed in the East for the last time. To seal Mount Tai to the east is to seal Zen, which is a grand ceremony held by emperors who have made great contributions to God. It is almost every emperor's political ideal to call Mount Tai Zen. Emperor Taizong had no conditions, but he never gave up the idea. Emperor Gaozong held this grand ceremony and changed the year number to "Ganxi". Xuanzong realized this wish in November of the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725). Since then, no one in the Tang Dynasty has been able to realize this dream.

Fifth, he first built Xingqing Palace, and took Xingqing Palace as the new political center, which was called "Nannei". Xuanzong built a palace in Qin Long Square (Xingqing Square), the former official residence of Chang 'an, which replaced Taiji Palace in the west and Daming Palace in the east, and became the new political center of Tang Dynasty, which changed the layout of Chang 'an Miyagi in the past and had a great influence on the central political operation of Tang Dynasty.

The six-story planning of Xingqing Palace has the largest number of children. Xuanzong had 30 sons and 29 daughters, ranking second to none among the emperors in the Tang Dynasty. The house of ten kings and the house of a hundred grandchildren he built in the two capitals (Chang 'an and Luoyang) and Huaqing Palace not only effectively controlled the political management of his sons, but also showed the prosperity of his children.

Ode to Xuanzong's Imperial Books

Seventh, there is a most beloved peerless beauty-Yang Guifei. The marriage relationship and love story between Xuanzong and Yang Guifei became one of the best themes sung by scholars at that time and later generations, and Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow is a masterpiece in this respect.

Eighth, he took the lead in changing the system that the Crown Prince lived in the East Palace. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest, the Eastern Palace has been synonymous with the Crown Prince. After Xuanzong sealed Mount Tai, he no longer let the prince live in the East Palace, but moved to the "other courtyard" where the emperor lived, which changed the old system that had been followed for hundreds of years and had a great influence on the system of succession to the throne and the national political system. (During the reign of Emperor Taizong, there was also a hall next to the emperor's bedroom for the prince to live in, without returning it to his East Palace, but this practice was strongly opposed by ministers. )

Ninth, we encountered the most serious turmoil in the history of the Tang Dynasty-Anshi Rebellion. This rebellion, which was launched by local troops in an attempt to seize the central government, lasted for eight years and was called the turning point of the Tang Dynasty empire from prosperity to decline. In order to escape the war, Xuanzong fled from Chang 'an to Sichuan, becoming the first emperor to escape from the capital.

Tenth, it created the most brilliant prosperity of the Tang Dynasty-Kaiyuan Shengshi. This is the most commendable historical contribution of Xuanzong, his outstanding achievement in commanding the world, and it is also talked about by future generations.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Empire entered a brilliant stage of development, and all the scholars in the world had a most comfortable and good time. During this period, the empire of the Tang Dynasty was strong and the people were rich. Du Fu, a great poet, wrote the most famous poem "Memories of Time Past":

Back in the heyday of Kaiyuan, there were thousands of families in the small town.

Rice is fat and white, and public and private warehouses are rich.

There are no jackals on the road in Kyushu, which is a good day to travel.

Wan Qi, Lu Mao, driver class, male plow female mulberry.

It vividly reflects this historical fact. In the prosperous era of Kaiyuan, there are many records about small towns, many families, wealthy granaries and peaceful scenes of men plowing land and women weaving in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu's "Ming Taizu likes pictures"

You wrote about the grand occasion after Kaiyuan sealed the East in Volume 7 of The Book of Edible Goods, and said, "Mi Dou reached thirteen articles, and Qing Dynasty (governing Shandong Qingzhou) and Qi Dynasty (governing Shandong Licheng) reached five articles. From then on, there is nothing precious in the world. There are less than 20 rice fights, 32 flour fights and 2 12 silk fights. East to Song Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), Bian (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and west to Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, there are many restaurants and restaurants, and the wine is overflowing. There are donkeys in every shop, which are rented by passengers and suddenly travel for dozens of miles. They are called post donkeys. There are Yijing (now Jiangling, Hubei) and Xiang (now Xiangfan, Hubei) in the south, Taiyuan (now Shanxi) and Fanyang (now Beijing) in the north, and Shuchuan (now Sichuan) and Wuwei, Gansu in the west, all of which have business travel shops, which are thousands of miles away and do not hold an inch. " In the first year of Tianbao (742), there were 8.52 million households and a population of about 489 1 10,000. Chang 'an has become an international metropolis with a large population.

What Ming Chengzu means is

After Xuanzong acceded to the throne, he chose talents and appointed people, actively sought ways to save the country and the people, and carried out political and economic reforms with great fanfare, which achieved great results. At the same time, he made new adjustments to the relationship between the ruling and opposition and within the family. This process fully shows the interweaving of iron and blood ruthlessness and warmth and love in Xuanzong, and reveals his extraordinary means of bold killing and bold decision.

During the vigorous development of the Wu and Tang Dynasties, there was an undercurrent of disharmony in Xuanzong Palace-Wu Huifei's gradual popularity threatened the status of the queen of the middle palace, and it was difficult for the old palace to maintain peace.

Queen Wang was the original wife of Xuanzong when he was king of Linzi. She is "quite premeditated and in favor of the great cause." His father Jiao Ren and his brother Wang Shouyi are both active participants and supporters of these political adventures. Shu Xian, the queen, was obedient and received a warm hug in the palace. However, since Xuanzong fell in love with Wu Huifei, he loved her in every way. Wu Huifei is partial to her and wants to replace the queen. Seeing Wu Huifei's ambition, Queen Wang complained to Xuanzong. Talking too much will inevitably miss it, which will cause more and more resentment against Xuanzong. Fortunately, the daily opponents of the queen are kind, and no one in the palace is willing to report her. Xuanzong was at his wit's end, but he didn't forcibly abolish Li, even though he was soft and hard.

Soon, in order to change the status quo, the Queen's brother Wang Shouyi actually advised the Queen to get tired of winning, hoping to find a way out from the side door. This mantra has been popular since the Han and Wei Dynasties, but it is forbidden in the palace. In the Tang dynasty, it was even defined as the "evil way" of ten evils. There is no airtight wall in the world. This incident was quickly detected and reported by Wu Huifei, and Xuanzong was very angry when he heard about it. If he and Jiang Jiao were hesitant about the waste, now Xuanzong has made up his mind. Xuanzong personally interrogated, and the queen was hard to argue. In July of the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724), Wang was deposed and Wang Shouyi was sentenced to death. 10 month, I was depressed after the waste. In the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), Zhao, the biological mother of Taizisheng, died suddenly.

The ripples in the palace are obviously related to the location of the palace.

At this point, Wu Huifei is in full swing in the palace. Beautiful and lovely appearance and colorful amorous feelings have become her magic weapon of charm and attraction. For Wu Huifei at this time, she is determined to enter the palace. But Xuanzong did not show any clear will. Hui Fei is one of the three concubines appointed by Xuanzong. The palace is extremely expensive, but there is still a considerable distance from the queen. Although the official position is expensive, it is far from the queen. This is the secret of Wu Huifei's painstaking entry into the palace, although he occupies a prominent position in the palace.

Yao Chong liked it, but because Wu Huifei was the daughter of Heng Wang Youzhi, the nephew of Wu Zetian, Xuanzong didn't want to risk evoking North Korea's painful memories of Wu Zhou politics. As a mature politician, he knows there is no need to turn against the DPRK officials on the matter of establishing Wu, because his present situation is completely different from that of the emperor after establishing Wu. Therefore, in the next ten years, Wu Huifei's "palace ceremony rank, the queen is with her" is just a political treatment and life courtesy for her. Wu Huifei didn't get the title of Queen until her death in December of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737). The beauty of "Zhenshun Queen" will be posthumously presented after death.

Since Xuanzong abolished the king and queen, the status of the queen has existed in name only. After that, only Su Zhang and Zhao were queens. The former was in the Anshi Rebellion, and the latter was in the troubled times at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which is another theory. Yang Yuhuan, another favorite of Xuanzong, was still given the title of imperial concubine, but she was not given the title of queen. Later, with the topic of the death day of the queen king, Guo, the queen of Xi' an, also added it after her death. Empress posthumous title and posthumous title have been established since Xuanzong. Therefore, Xuanzong played an important role in controlling the inner palace forces. Some history books slandered Yang Guifei on the grounds of indulging in the imperial palace and winning him. I'm afraid it's a little exaggerated.

Zhang Jiuling and Li Tongxuan were in power for 45 years, and there were 34 prime ministers. Yao Chong and Song Jing are representatives of the sages of Kaiyuan, and Yuwen Rong, Zhang, Pei Guangting, Han Xiu, Xiao Song, Pei Yaoqing and Zhang Jiuling all have different styles, and they are all temporary masters. In the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), Zhang Shuling said that he was impeached by Yuwen Rong and others and went on strike like Zhang Jiuling.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), he served as Prime Minister. Zhang Jiuling established his literary position, and Xuanzong regarded him as Zhang's successor. He greatly appreciated his talent and literary talent and praised him as a "literary marshal". Zhang Jiuling devoted himself to politics, was loyal and selfless, and had considerable political talent. What is particularly commendable is that Zhang Jiuling broke the prison, was observant, handled justice, and even convinced the prisoners, which is called "oral case".

When Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat, Li was listed as the prime minister, and there were three items, namely, history of rites and secretariat. Li is a branch of the imperial clan, and his great-grandfather is the cousin of the great-grandfather Li Yuan. This background made it easy for him to make friends with the harem and Wu Huifei after he became an official. Zhang Jiuling and other literary scholars were unable to cope with the numerous national politics, economy and frontier military affairs during the Kaiyuan Tianbao period. When dealing with and solving some practical problems, Zhang Jiuling's idea of employing people and governing the country became more and more difficult to cooperate with Xuanzong, and Xuanzong gradually lost his trust. In contrast, Li can accurately grasp the thinking of Xuanzong and fully implement it, thus gradually increasing the weight in Xuanzong's heart and making Xuanzong feel that this person is available.

At the end of the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the bribery case of Wang became the fuse for Xuanzong to adjust the candidates of imperial envoys. Li, who was secretive, was banned from participating in politics in Zhang Jiuling, and successfully served as the secretary of the secretariat. Xuanzong gradually relied on him to deal with the country's internal affairs, diplomacy, border policy and business strategy. In the third year of Tianbao (744), Xuanzong once said to his confidant Gao Lishi, "I have been out of Chang 'an for nearly ten years, and there is nothing in the world. I don't want to do anything. I want to entrust all my political affairs to Li. What? "

Li et al. Shadow of Six Classics of Datang (Song Engraving Edition)

In the first month of the third year of Kaiyuan (July15), Li, the second son of Xuanzong (renamed Li Ying in July of the 23rd year of Kaiyuan), was named Crown Prince because his mother Zhao was "brilliant and good at singing and dancing", neither a direct descendant nor the eldest son. Later, due to Zhao's fall from grace and his favor, Li Ying's position as crown prince was in jeopardy. Wu Huifei, the eighteenth son of Xuanzong, has been paid more and more attention. After being favored, she began to take charge of the political power of Shou Wanghuan. Her imposing manner in the palace made Prince Ying feel depressed. In addition to the Prince Won, there are Yao Yao and Guangwangju. Their mother was a harem beauty who was favored by Xuanzong in those days, but now it is rare because of Wu Huifei's radiant appearance. The same experience has produced more intimacy, and the words and conversations between them have naturally increased. Harmony in Hubei is the closest relationship among the ten kings, and they often live in the palace with Prince Ying. Between words, they are inevitably full of resentment against Wu Huifei, which will naturally involve the Tang Xuanzong. As a result, their resentful words were reported to Wu Huifei by people with ulterior motives, and Wu Huifei complained to Xuanzong, saying that the prince secretly formed a clique, wooed cronies, harmed their mother and son, and denounced the supreme. After some provocation, Xuanzong was furious. He immediately called the prime minister and planned to abolish his sons. Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister at that time, resolutely opposed it on the grounds that "the prince is the best in the world", and the matter was put on hold for some time. After Zhang Jiuling was deposed, Wu Huifei and his followers seized the favorable opportunity and began intense planning. In April of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), just after the Zhou Zi Incident, Wu Huifei planned and directed a change to seize the palace. This scam deceived the prince and the emperor.

In order to sit on the throne and rebel, Wu Huifei sent someone to deceive the prince, saying, "There are thieves in the palace. Please introduce them." In other words, he should be armed into the palace. At the same time, we also got the news of Yao Yao and Guang Wang. Prince Ying and others can only promise. When Wu Huifei learned of the prince's promise, he went directly to see Xuanzong and reported, "The prince has rebelled against the two kings and is fully armed and ready to enter the palace." Xuanzong was very alert and immediately sent eunuchs to scout. The people who came back reported that Huifei was telling the truth. In this way, Xuanzong can't sit idly by. Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, expressed doubts about Wu Huifei's invitation to the Prince and the two kings to enter the palace. He believes that the contradiction between Prince Yinghe has intensified and they have been suspicious of each other for a long time. Prince Won obeyed her call and promised to enter the palace armed to the teeth immediately, which was unreasonable. But Xuanzong is still looking for the prime minister to discuss and plan a solution. Li, the prime minister, still repeats the same old tune: "Your majesty's family affairs are not my affairs." Li Dui's speech is no longer to ask someone to convey it to the emperor after leaving the DPRK, but to report directly to the emperor as the chief prime minister. Describing the abandoned prince as the emperor's "family affairs" is actually a firm support for the emperor to exercise his ultimate ruling power and unconditional support for the emperor's decision. With this attitude of the prime minister, Xuanzong finally made up his mind to abolish Prince Ying He and King Guang and take up new posts.

Shu Ren and Fei Taiziying and other three people ordered books, which were announced by eunuchs in the palace. Xuanzong seems to want to show that this is really his family's business and there is no need to go to the court to announce it. Soon, Prince Ying, Prince Ying and Prince Ying were killed in the East Palace. Within one day, three princes were sent to the vast yellow road, shocking the ruling and opposition parties. This is called "three evils" in history books.

In the first half of the 25 th year of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong did not make a hasty decision on the choice of prince. After Wu Huifei's death in December, he still didn't make up his mind easily, and his heart was still weighed repeatedly among his ministers.

Heirs can't be finalized, which makes Xuanzong nervous, restless and tasteless. All this was seen by Gao Lishi, his confidant eunuch, and he was anxious in his heart. Gao Lishi has a long history in politics and rich political experience, and he has a deep understanding of Xuanzong's mind. By driving with him, he seized the opportunity to express his concern about the emperor's recent fidgeting. Xuanzong has no intention to hide his inner anxiety in front of his cronies, but also needs to get some information from people around him so that he can open his heart when asked. Xuanzong asked, "You old slave, you can't know my mind!" Gao Lishi did not shy away from it, and came straight to the point: "Is it evil to be a husband?" Xuanzong nodded and admitted. Gao Lishi added, "Why do people waste so much time on their sacred hearts, but who dares to fight?" He looked very concerned, and called Xuanzong "Everyone" and the Crown Prince "Husband", both of which were titles given by the palace slaves to the emperor and the Crown Prince. This sentence is not obvious, but it clearly expresses Gao Lishi's calm analysis and attitude towards the situation. "Standing on the long side" is exactly a link that Xuanzong has been thinking about the most for many days. Now speaking from Gao Lishi's mouth, it naturally suits his mind, so he made up his mind to choose Huang's third son, Gui, in the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738). This is the later Su Heng.

The Qing Dynasty painted a portrait of Yang Guifei.

The title is too real. Since the emperor's new favorite identified a new heir, Xuanzong no longer worried about the normal continuation of the throne, and his inner mental burden was suddenly unloaded and his mood was greatly improved. Soon after, the truly beautiful Yang Yuhuan was discovered by him, and he staged a love tragicomedy that made later generations famous. In desperation, Xuanzong let the original Princess Shou enter the Taoist temple in the name of "Taizhen", and then become a noble princess and his own justified concubine. Xuanzong also married Webster's daughter to keep Wang Na as his son. Yang Yuhuan was born with beauty. "As long as she turned her head and smiled, there would be a hundred spells, and the powder and paint in the sixth palace would all go up in smoke", because she was chosen by the king. "There are other ladies in his court, with 3,000 rare beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one body". Soon, Yang Guifei's Courtesy in the Palace was clearly engraved with the illustrations of the ancient zaju Wu Tongyu on an Autumn Night. Drummer Xuanzong and dancer Yang Guifei

It is equivalent to Wu Huifei in those days. Although it is still the name of the imperial concubine, it is called "madam" in the palace, and its etiquette is the same as that of the queen. However, Xuanzong still didn't give her the title of Queen Rong. From this point of view, Xuanzong can "it was early spring. They bathed her in a "flower pool", "and wasted all his time on her, with feasts and revelry, his mistress in spring and his tyrant at night". When Yang Guifei took over kindness, his love for women had not reached the level of political disorder. He just indulges himself in life and emotion, but never jokes about politics. Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" is true, but "The spring night is short, the sun rises too early, and the emperor never goes to court early".

After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty established Hengli as the heir to the throne, he found a lovely princess to accompany him, and his inner relaxation and ease were self-evident. The political, economic and military reforms and adjustments carried out during the Kaiyuan period (7 13 ~ 74 1) also seemed to satisfy Xuanzong. The prosperity of the country and the sight of peace at sea made him begin to revel in the great sense of achievement of the splendid imperial industry. Strong physique and exuberant energy make Xuanzong equally confident in his life. Therefore, once one day he walked out of the dark valley where he abandoned his third son, he once again showed the self-satisfaction and self-confidence of the Tang emperor.

Huaqingchi Old Shadow (1904)

Perhaps it is the sense of accomplishment and self-confidence at this moment that makes Xuanzong somewhat unwilling to converge. He indulged in pleasure and gave gifts at will, treating money like dirt, and a lot of people's money and treasury income were wasted. In order to meet the needs of going to Lishan Hot Spring Palace in Lintong every winter, Tianbao set aside a Huichang county (located in Lintong, Shaanxi Province) from Xinfeng and Wannian counties in July, 7441February to facilitate the placement of the official residences of Baisi and Wanghou. In the sixth year of Tianbao (747), the Hot Spring Palace was expanded and named Huaqing Palace. He is lucky in Huaqing Palace every October, and often stays there for a winter before returning to the palace. Whenever Yang Guifei comes here to wash warm soup, princes and ministers will accompany her. On the edge of Huaqing Palace, the house of ten kings and the house of a hundred grandchildren similar to Chang 'an have been built, and Huichang County is connected with the palace. On the way to Lishan, the ceremony of cleaning was very clear. It is said that Yang Guifei's three sisters, Mrs. Han, Mrs. Guo and Mrs. Qin, owe their kindness because of their talents and looks. Just like Mrs. Guo Pingfu rode into the palace gate and swept Emei to the supreme, which was amazing. Every time they go to Huaqing Palace, they are a team, dressed in different colors, beautifully dressed, and as gorgeous as blooming flowers from a distance.

Due to the indulgence and extravagance of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Lady You Chuntu of the State of Guo (in part), there is a general trend of luxury in the upper class. Take the three sisters of Yang Guifei as an example. Their mansions are magnificent, comparable to palaces and palaces, and their horses and chariots are well dressed, making them a scene in Beijing. Every time a hall is built, it costs tens of millions. If there is a standard system beyond itself, it will be demolished and rebuilt immediately. From this point of view, under the prosperous times of Kaiyuan Tianbao, only considering the situation of social consumption, we can already understand the huge crisis hidden in society, but Xuanzong didn't notice it at all. Lushan Mountain has prospered.

An Lushan was born in the conference semifinals and lived in Liucheng, Yingzhou (now Chaoyang, Liaoning) since childhood. My mother Arshid is a witch in Turkic. According to legend, she prayed to Jawa Mountain, the god of war, and God accepted her son. Because my mother later married Juan General Yan Yan and settled in Kaiyuan (7 13), she was named An Lushan. He had been wandering in the border areas until he was 30 years old, and he was a restless businessman. He joined the army at the age of 30 and became a Pinglu general in less than four years. On the first day of the first month of the first year of Tianbao (74 1), he just turned 40 and became the supreme military commander of Chaoyang Ancient City, the hometown of An Lushan, a buffer region stationed in the frontier. In the following ten years, he achieved success in his official career. In the Tang Dynasty, under the system of strictly following the qualifications, he created the myth that frontier commanders had a successful career in peacetime. In February of the tenth year of Tianbao, at the age of 49, he was already the ambassador of three towns, and at the same time served as the ambassador of Pinglu, Hebei, the ambassador, the ambassador of farming, and the ambassador of visiting and handling. From the age of 40 to 49, An Lushan's brilliance has reached its peak from being handsome on one side to being three towns at the same time. This is the fastest way for border guards generals to get rich in Xuanzong period. Why did An Lushan get rich so quickly?

Xi and Qidan were the bane of Xuanzong dynasty in the northeast frontier. Due to the situation that the Tang Empire attacked in the northwest and defended in the northeast, how to effectively resist the harassment of the "two religions" was Xuanzong's infinite expectation for Fan Yang and Pinglu. In order to win the trust of Xuanzong, An Lushan hosted many banquets to lure the Khitan, added a fairy for anesthesia to the wine, dug a pit in advance, and killed the Khitan leader when he was drunk. His head was sent to the capital to offer victory, and his body was buried in the pit. His "achievements" were regarded by Xuanzong as the "Great Wall of Wan Li" that could guarantee the security of the northern frontier. Then it is to bribe court officials, attach to the prime minister, and create an environment for individuals to make a fortune in the praise of everyone. The other is to take advantage of the opportunity to meet the emperor in Beijing and try to please the emperor.

Qing Dynasty painted An Shi Rebellion (back) and Yang Shi Rebellion (front) as an Shi Rebellion and went to Beijing to see the emperor, pretending to be simple and honest, and said naughtily to Xuanzong: "I was born in your majesty's favor." Nothing can repay your kindness. I am willing to serve your majesty with my death. " Xuanzong listened and liked it very much.

An Lushan is tall, white and fat. He once weighed 350 Jin. He can't dress himself, so he needs to test the load of the horse. Seeing him like this, Xuanzong asked curiously, "What's in your belly? Why is it so big? " An Lushan replied: "Nothing, just ask your majesty for a heart!" In a word, he was favored by Xuanzong, who was very satisfied with his lieutenants, especially Hu Jiang, who expressed his loyalty to him.

Illustration of Ming Yuan Qu: An Shi Rebellion

Whenever someone mentioned An Lushan's fault to him, Xuanzong was unhappy. Even if his trusted Prime Minister Yang and the Crown Prince advised him not to be so prized by An Lushan, Xuanzong didn't take it to heart. Those who reminded him that An Lushan would rebel, Xuanzong even sent them to An Lushan for treatment. Later, An Lushan rebelled, and Xuanzong insisted on sending people who thought An Lushan was going to rebel to john young.

Li Longji's personal file.

Name: Li Longji Born: August 5th, the first year of hanging arch (685).

Zodiac: Year of Rooster: Three Years of Shang Dynasty (762)

78-year-old posthumous title: Emperor Daming, the most holy.

Tan Poulnot. : Xuanzong mausoleum: Tailing mausoleum

Father: Li Dan, Zong Rui; Mother: Dou Shi, the holy queen of Zhao Chengshun.

Empress: Queen Wang has 30 sons and 29 daughters.

Successor: Su Shiheng's proudest son: creating a prosperous new century.

The most frustrated: the most unfortunate move to Taiji Palace: fleeing Chang 'an to avoid war.

Most distressing: killing Yang Guifei didn't save what she was good at: temperament, calligraphy, riding and shooting, and the study of calendar images.

Related reading bibliography recommendation

(1) Yan Shoucheng and Wu Zongguo: Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Sanqin Publishing House, 1989.

(2) Niu Zhigong: "An Shi Rebellion Biography of Shi Siming", Sanqin Publishing House, 2000.

(3) Zhao Jianmin: "Soul of the Prosperous Age: Xuanzong Times of the Great Tang Dynasty", Joint Publishing Company, 1994.

(4) Ren Shiying: "Death of a Famous Princess, Eternal Romance-Selected Reading of Ma Su's Poems in Past Dynasties", "Selected Works of China Loose-leaf (Adult Edition)" No.21,2000.

(5) Ren Shiying: The Queen Behind the Scenes, Sanqin Publishing House, 1992.

(6) Ren Shiying: Biography of Tang Suzong, Sanqin Publishing House, 2000.

(7) Ren Shiying: "The Central Political Situation during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty", Social Science Literature Publishing House, 2003.