What are the unique folk houses in China?

There are five kinds of characteristic houses in China:

1. Beijing Siheyuan

Siheyuan, also known as Siheyuan, is a traditional quadrangle-style building in China. Its pattern is a quadrangle with houses on all sides, which usually consists of a main room, an east-west wing and an inverted room. The courtyard is surrounded in the middle from all sides, hence the name quadrangle.

2. Belhouse

Yong Er Zhai is the representative of traditional houses in Lingnan area. Most of them are made of blue bricks, stone pillars and slates, and the outer walls are decorated with flowers, birds and figures. Because its mountain shape is like a bell, it is called "Bell House". Hakka in northern Guangdong and other places is called "Cloud Wall" or "Teapot Circle". Iron pot is an ancient cauldron, also called "iron pot wing".

3. Cave dwellings

Cave dwelling is an ancient living form for the residents of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. The history of this cave can be traced back to more than 4000 years ago. Cave dwellings are widely distributed in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and other provinces on the Loess Plateau. In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region of China, the loess layer is very thick, some of which are tens of kilometers thick. The people of China creatively used the favorable terrain of the plateau to dig holes to live, and created cave buildings called green buildings.

4. Hakka Tulou

Hakka earth buildings, also known as Fujian earth buildings, are one of the three categories of Hakka dwellings (Hakka enclosed houses, Hakka row houses and Hakka earth buildings), among which the earth buildings in Yongding, Longyan, Fujian and Nanjing, Zhangzhou are the most famous. Among the traditional buildings in China, Hakka earth buildings are unique, with more than 8,000 square, round, octagonal and oval earth buildings, which are large in scale, beautiful in appearance, scientific and practical. Fujian Tulou, a Hakka residential building in China, has been listed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO.

5. Mongolian yurt is a kind of house where Mongolian herdsmen live, which is suitable for animal husbandry production and nomadic life.

The interior of the yurt is spacious and comfortable. It is wrapped in two or three layers of wool felt with a special wooden frame (supported by a yurt fence), and then tied with a rope made of horse hair or camel hair. Its top is supported by "Wu Nai" and covered with "Blissfulness" to show the sky. Its circular spire has a skylight "Taonao" and is covered with a square wool felt "Wurihe River", which can provide ventilation and lighting, facilitate construction, demolition and removal, and is suitable for rotational grazing.

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Human settlement and ecology

Although mankind has made great achievements under the slogan of transforming nature, it has brought revenge from nature-a series of problems such as resource depletion, environmental pollution and species extinction have forced mankind to reflect deeply. For the sake of our own tomorrow, human beings must re-establish the relationship with nature, and live in harmony with nature in the process of human development. Building an eco-city is an urgent task, including exploring and creating a living environment that combines with nature and has a good ecological cycle.

The principle of * * refers to the relationship of cooperation, survival and mutual benefit between different kinds of organisms, while the principle of regeneration holds that the material resources in nature are limited, so the advanced natural ecosystem must show the high efficiency and recycling of material resources. For the human settlement ecological environment, the principle of life and regeneration requires us to pay special attention to the combination and cooperation with the natural environment; Be good at adapting to local conditions, make use of all available factors and make efficient use of natural resources; Reduce the artificial level and pay attention to the design of human settlement natural environment.

The Chinese nation is a country with a long history, numerous nationalities and a vast territory. In the process of thousands of years of history and culture, rich and colorful experience in residential architecture has been accumulated. In the long agricultural society, the level of productivity is relatively backward. In order to obtain an ideal living environment, people create a pleasant living environment with a simple ecological view, conforming to nature and the simplest way. The combination of China folk houses with nature, climate, adapting to local conditions and making use of the situation means the use of natural materials, the mutual penetration of indoor and outdoor spaces, rich psychological effects and extraordinary aesthetic artistic conception ... This is a treasure house that we must re-recognize, inherit and learn from when creating a new living environment today.

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