What are the four great bangzi in Shanxi?

Shaanxi's "Four Great Bangzi" are four representative operas: Zhonglu Bangzi (Jin Opera), Zhou Pu Bangzi (Pu Opera), Beilu Bangzi (Yan Opera) and Shangdang Bangzi.

Shanxi drama

Shaanxi Opera, formerly known as Zhonglu Bangzi, is a drama developed from Zhou Pu Bangzi. At first, it was mainly active in the central part of Shanxi Province, that is, the counties under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan Prefecture, Fenzhou Prefecture and Pingding Prefecture in Qing Dynasty. Later, due to the rapid development, the spread area gradually expanded, and the social influence became greater and greater, until it became the representative drama of Shanxi Province today-Jin Opera.

The famous new troupes are: Hesheng Troupe in Jiexiu, Wuyi Garden in Xugou, Sishenghe Troupe in Taigu, Shuangqing Garden in Qixian, Haodian Troupe in Taiyuan and Yiqing Troupe in Fenzhou. Famous actors include 1000 red, 800 black,,, Tian and Bangbanghong, as well as drummer, Song and pianist Peng Genzhi. The repertoires frequently performed are: Congratulations, Chessboard Street, Spring and Autumn Competition, Salvation Poetry, Imperial Garden, Fisherman's Music, Zhao Jialou, Burning Pillar, Forward Arrow, Auspicious Picture, luoma lake, Beitianmen and Father. Thanks to their superb performances, the artists left a deep impression on the audience. Up to now, there is still a "four-happy class" in Jinzhong, which is full of drama, baldness and ugliness, covering Shaanxi. Ginseng dolls, ugly mouths, followed by a flag ... "and other dramas spread. However, at this time, Zhonglu Bangzi is still a rookie in Shaanxi opera, while Zhou Pu Bangzi, headed by Jinhe Class, Huaqiang Class in Kyoto, headed by Sanqing Class, and Jiangnan Kunqu Opera Class, headed by Mingfu Class, are still active in Zhonglu area, forming an era of coexistence and competition among various operas.

Zhou Pu Bangzi:

Pu Opera is called "Zhou Pu Bangzi", and the locals commonly call it "Random Play". It is named after Gupu Prefecture (now Yongji) which is popular in the southwest of the mountain. It is the oldest of the four great bangzi in Shanxi. Formed in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, it was mainly popular in Shanxi and parts of Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other provinces.

Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, Zhou Pu in Shanxi, Tongzhou (now Dali) in Shaanxi, Chaoshan, Shanzhou (now Shanxian) in Henan and Lingbao live in the triangle where the Yellow River flows from south to east, facing each other across the river. They have had close economic and cultural exchanges for a long time, and their customs, pronunciation and dialects are basically the same. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, "random bombs" were popular in this area. Later, Zhou Pu Bangzi and Tongzhou Bangzi, named after Zhou Pu and Tongzhou respectively, are two kinds of operas, but they all originated from this. Their vocals are similar and their roads are the same. Although there are different developments and changes today, artists in both places call themselves "random bombs". In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi (1707), Confucius wrote Pingyang Ci? 6? Xiao Dankuiwa, a famous man in Pingyang (now Linfen), was highly praised for his excellent dance steps, which shows the popularity of random strikes in southern Shaanxi at that time. Tongzhou Bangzi was originally named Qin Opera. During the Qianlong period, Yan Changming described Xianglin, a famous Shaanxi opera player, in Biography of Qin Yun Picking English, crossing the Yellow River to "busk from Zhou Pu to Taiyuan". As we all know, the Bangzi Opera in Shanxi and Shaanxi are interlinked. Artists from Zhou Pu and Tongzhou have always had the habit of performing in turn. During the Jiaqing period, there was a "Shanshan Guild Hall" in Beijing. Until Guangxu, there were still artists from Tongzhou singing in Beijing Bangzi class, such as the famous "Whip Reed Flower" performed by Yuan (Zhou Pu Bangzi Artist) and Bai Changming (Gai Shaanxi and Dan, Tongzhou Bangzi Artist). Therefore, Beijing, Tianjin and Zhili (Hebei) have always been called "Shanshan Bangzi". In addition, they also had the experience of going south in the same class and acting in Laohekou, Xiangyang, Hubei. Shanshan Bangzi has played an important role in the formation of Bangzi opera in various places.

Beilu bangzi

Beilu Bangzi is one of the four major Bangzi operas in Shanxi. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Shanshan Bangzi, which was formed in Tongzhou, Shaanxi and Zhou Pu, Shanxi, with Xiqin and Bangzi as the main accompaniment instruments, began to spread around and evolved into a complex and powerful northern Bangzi system, and Shanshan Bangzi's north road degenerated into a new drama of Beilu Bangzi. This kind of drama, with its impassioned frontier style, is distributed in northern Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, northwestern Hebei and other vast areas.

The love and appreciation of the broad masses of the people.

The late Ming and early Qing Dynasty was the formation period of Hokuriku Bangzi, and the period from Qingganlong to Xianfeng was the maturity period of Hokuriku Bangzi. The first is the local fixed class clubs, such as Dacheng Class, Qing Ji Class, Self-organized Class, Xingshun Class, Er Ru Forget Worry Class, Sanshunyuan Class and Old Celebration Class. Second, there are relatively rich and complete repertoires, such as Dragon and Phoenix Sword and Zhu Xian Array in Qianlong Period, Crystal Palace, Humboldt Skirt and Lion Cave in Jiaqing Period, Beauty Map, Noisy Palace, Tielongshan, Loyalty Festival and Sun and Moon Map after Daoguang.

Before Tongzhi came to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Qing Dynasty, Hokuriku Bangzi was in its heyday. During this period, there were many class clubs, totaling about 100. They are active in northwestern Shanxi, central and western Inner Mongolia, northwestern Hebei and northernmost Shaanxi, and individual class clubs have further set foot in places such as Cullen (now Ulaanbaatar) and Gansu. There are also many famous artists, such as Hou Junshan, Sun Peiting, Liu Derong, Dong Ruixi, Ming, Fishing Stork and Gai Jinghua. There are countless local celebrities, such as Jiao and Gai Gang Jing. 1954, under the care of the Ministry of Culture and provincial leaders, the Hokuriku Bangzi Troupe was resumed, and 1955 established the Hokuriku Bangzi Troupe in Xinzhou Special Zone. Later, Beitong Troupe was established in Datong, Baotou, ningwu county, Fengzhen, Wutai and Yanbei, and drama schools were established in Xinxian and Yanbei.

Hokuriku Bangzi has a solid artistic foundation, rich flavor of life and popular and fluent language. In line with this, it pays attention to life, interest, singing and stunts in directing art. This kind of drama has five elements: dividend, black, health, Dan and ugliness. Among them, Hu Zisheng, Dahualian and Tsing Yi, collectively known as "Sanmen", are extremely important singers; Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and Clown are collectively called "Three Small Doors", focusing on expressing their studies. Hokuriku Bangzi music includes singing, qupai and gongs and drums. The main part of the aria is the plate variation bangzi, which is partly used for Kunqu opera, flute playing, Nangong and folk songs. Accompanying instruments: Banhu, Erhan, Sanxian, Hans, Drum Plate, Bangzi, Mahong, Shui Gong, Xiao Gong, Hinge, etc. Used for bangzi, suona and flute for Kunqu opera.

In northern Shanxi, there are also some small operas, such as Taoist feelings in northern Shanxi (Shenchi Taoist feelings, Youyu Taoist feelings, Daixian Taoist feelings, Yingxian Taoist feelings, etc.), Hequ duet, Guawa 'er, Lingqiu Luoluo Opera, Shuoxian Yangko, Guangling Yangko and Fan Shi Yangko.

Shangdang bangzi

Shangdang Bangzi is one of the four major Bangzi in Shanxi, named after its emergence, which was mainly spread in Shangdang County in Qin and Han Dynasties. Locals call it "Great Drama", Jinnan calls it "Dongfu Opera", and Handan, Hebei calls it "Xifu Tune" and "Zezhou Tune", which was also called "Shangdang Palace Tune". 1954, the name of "Shangdang Bangzi" was set at the first drama viewing meeting in the province.

In the past, in addition to Bangzi, the class clubs of Shangdang Bangzi also performed Shangdang Kunqu Opera, Shangdang Luo Qiang Opera, Shangdang Juan Opera, Shangdang Pihuang and * * *. Together, it's called "Huang Juan". In recent years, Kunqu Opera, Luoju Opera and Juanju Opera have disappeared from the stage, and only Bangzi is the mainstay. Some troupes may sing some yellow songs.

Shangdang Bangzi's singing is dominated by banqiang, sometimes with Qupai style. The most widely used plates are "big plate" and "Liu Si", and others are "middle leather slip" and "stacked plate". Qupai-style vocals include [Shout at the back of the mountain] and [A string of bells]. Men and women have the same cavity, the same degree and the same tone. Mode is fine-tuning; Except for the [tight big board] and [middle board], other types of board doors are palace-style. Accompaniment instruments: percussion instruments are big gongs and drums with strong sounds, and strings are giant piano, erhu and Hu Hu.

The basic merit of Shangdang Bangzi is called "three handfuls". It is stable and generous to use, and it is magnificent; The disadvantage is that the feet are heavy and the arms are hard, and the hips are prominent, which is not very beautiful. The technique of expression is thick lines, large outline, straightforward, vigorous and lively. In terms of trade, the role of whiskers is the most prominent, followed by Beijing suburbs, Tsing Yi and Wu. Shangdang Bangzi has rough and healthy artistic characteristics. The overpass and characters are characterized by simplicity and antiquity. Singing and music are high-pitched, euphemistic and lively, with rich tunes. Every singer has his own musical instrument and drama.