Why did ancient officials wear hats?

In ancient China, people called the ornaments tied on their heads "headdresses", which mainly included crowns, crowns and hats, among which "crowns" were exclusive hats for nobles. In the Han dynasty, there were many kinds of crowns.

"Erie. Shi Guanli "Jia Shu:" The princes are twelve and crowned. If the son of heaven is with the princes, he will be crowned at the age of twelve ... "Da Dai Li said," Wang Wensheng is in Boyi ",and Zuo Zhuan said," When you are crowned, you will have children and you will be honored. " "Erie. Housekeeping ceremony: "First add (crown) wishes:' Make the moon auspicious, then take Canadian dollars, abandon young words, and be virtuous. Life is just a test, and it is a blessing to introduce you. He also said: the order is obedient and respects the virtue of the monarch. Long live the eyebrows and bless you forever. Sanjia said, "By year, by month. "。 Xian Jia Er Fu. "Only when brothers are present can we become virtuous, and Huang Lao has no boundaries and is celebrated by heaven." "

Song Zhuxi's Zhuzi Language (Volume 89): "[The coronation ceremony] is an internal affair. Why is it difficult?" ? How difficult is it to put a scarf crown on a child after closing the door? "

Meng Changjun blamed his illness and saw it in his clothes. -"The Warring States Policy and Qi Ce"

There are five or six champions and six or seven boys, bathed in interpretation, dancing with the wind and returning with songs. -The Analects of Confucius Advanced

A weak crown makes a soft heart. -Zuo Si's "Ode to History"

New swimmers must wear crowns. -"The Fisherman's Song of Chu"

When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. -"Yuefu Poetry Shang Mo Singing"

This man is twenty years old. -"Book of Rites Quli"

Marriage is the crown. Don't be a man or a woman. -"Rites and Music"

Since it is crowned, it is beneficial to admire saints. -Song Ming Lian's Preface to Dongyang

Young people will be crowned when they get married. -Biography of the White Tiger

The crown has the ability of an adult. -"Tongdian"

Crown ceremony, the most important person in interpersonal relationship. -Outline of Six Arts

The gift of the ancients to regain the crown must teach people. -Liu Zongyuan's "Answer to Wei Zhongli's Theory of Teacher's Way"

Sanmiaozui came first, Qiang people surrounded the collar, China was crowned, and the people crossed the line. -"Huainan Ziqi Su Xun"

Service first, then prepare humanity. Therefore, the gentleman pays attention to it and thinks that the ceremony begins. -Essentials of Five Classics

It's just their clothes. It's scary to respect their foresight. -"The Analects of Confucius Yao Yue"

The crown shows the ability of an adult, not the order of precedence. -"Tongdian"

"Zhu Guanli" crown clothing:

The coronation was not recorded in The Book of Rites, The Book of New and Old Tang Dynasty and The History of Song Dynasty, but the Official History of Song Dynasty recorded Zhu's coronation. However, Zhu's system also adopted the practice that sages precede the law, and its origin remains to be verified. Song was more determined and respected by later generations. According to Ji Li in Ming Dynasty, the system of Family Rites in Song Dynasty was basically followed in Ming Dynasty.

Boys' clothes: double clothes, four shirts, silk, shoes. First addition: wearing a cloth crown, a thick coat, a big belt around the waist and shoes on the feet.

In Song Dynasty, towels were used instead of cloth crowns. In addition: hats, soap shirts, belts and shoes. Sanjia: kowtowing, serving in public service, wearing a belt, wearing boots and holding water. Or shirts (father has no official) and boots.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sima Guang simplified the ceremony and formulated the crown ceremony. The ceremony is contained in his Book of Rites, which stipulates that a man between the ages of twelve and twenty can be crowned as long as his parents have not been mourned for more than a period of time. According to the living customs at that time, he also modified the three crowns: adding a towel at the beginning, a hat at the second time and a hoe at the third time. Zhu Li Zijia follows the main etiquette of Sima Guang's Book of Rites, but defines the crown year as 15 to 20 years for men, and puts forward corresponding requirements in terms of knowledge: "If you are kind and kind to an ancient gentleman, once your son is over 15 years old, he will be able to understand the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius, get a general understanding of etiquette and righteousness, and then crown it, which will be beautiful."

In ancient times, there were towels without hats. People wrapped their heads with silk towels or tied their hair in a bun. The "headscarf" used by ethnic minorities in southwest China is a relic of ancient towels. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made towels into four corners for the convenience of his army, which was called "steamed bread" at that time. Actually, it is the earliest hat in China. Later, Birita gradually changed and extended two long horns to the left and right, which evolved into their work. The two horns protruding from the left and right intersect at the back of the head and develop into the helmet of the military attache. Not only China has an ancient history of hat development, but also foreign countries regarded hats as a symbol of rights and status in ancient times. In early Rome, hats were symbols of free and legal citizens, and slaves could only cover the sky with a piece of cloth on their heads.

The hat was invented in China a long time ago. For example, in China's idioms, there are "well dressed" and "magnificent", and here "crown" and "crown" refer to hats.

China's ancient crown is different from today's hat. It only has a narrow crown beam covering part of the top of the head, unlike a hat covering the whole.

After the crown came into being, there was a distinction between a crown and a hat. Poor people without identity were not allowed to wear a crown. The crown style and crown system of each dynasty are different from those of the previous generation.

In the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), its form was generally similar to that of a hat. The crown must also cooperate with the head handkerchief, and the humble can only wear the head handkerchief, and the minors can only wear the short handkerchief. This crown system has always influenced the Ming Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368-A.D. 1644), there were their jobs. The "crown" appeared earlier than the "crown", generally referring to the "crown" dedicated to feudal emperors, which was added only when the prince succeeded to the throne. Workers can only wear headscarves, mainly to wipe sweat, and then wrap their heads as hats.

China's hat has its own national characteristics. In ancient Liao and Jin dynasties, people wore fur hats, while in Yuan dynasty, people wore helmets, Uygur flower hats, Tu felt hats and Mongolian fox fur hats. In daily life, hats also have the functions of cold protection, warmth preservation and decoration.

Primitive people covered their heads with animal skins and leaves to protect their heads, resulting in the prototype of hats. "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty Yu Fu" records that "in ancient times, people lived in caves and wild places, and their clothes were hairy and their skins were covered". In ancient China, there were mainly hats such as crowns, crowns, towels, hoes and helmets.

A hat-shaped headscarf with hair tied to the forehead. Before the Western Han Dynasty, it was only used by civilians, so it was called "Shu Ren champion crown scarf", and its color was black or blue. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the nobles called it a towel, which can be used under the crown because of its high front and low back and exposed middle. About from the Jin Dynasty, the scarf was folded into a corner when worn, which became a symbol of a scholar's bachelor, and was later called a Confucian scarf. In the Sui Dynasty, towels were incorporated into the clothing system. In the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, scarves became common hats for adult men. In the meantime, the Tang towel first used by emperors in the Tang Dynasty, Dongpo towel created by writer Su Shi in the Song Dynasty and Fang Jing towel ordered by the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty are all famous varieties of towels.

Baotou soft cloth. There are four belts, two of which hang from the back of the head, and the other two are tied to the back of the head, so that the twists and turns are attached to the top. Shantou began in the Northern Dynasties. Sui took paulownia as the bone to support the top. Tang's replaced Gui. The emperor bent with his hard feet, while officials hung their heads. Five generations of gradual changes are flat. There are many styles of Shantou in Song Dynasty, and its straight-foot style can be worn by different classes.

Etiquette hats of ancient emperors, governors and doctors. The crown is the most distinguished kind of crown, and there is a rectangular version on it, called? ,? There is a row of beads hanging in front. There were twelve emperors in the Zhou Dynasty, and the number of governors varied. Later, only the emperor wore a crown, so the "crown" was also called the emperor. There are two parts: Jue Ge and Pi Ge. Chivalry is a crown without a coffin. Fur coat is made of white deerskin, hence the name of its stitching. There will be knots and colorful jade ornaments.

Ancient nobles used hair bundles, long hair was tied up first, and then a crown was tied. At the beginning of the crown, the main body is just a crown beam, which is not wide but pleated. Both ends are connected with the crown ring, like an arc belt covering the hair from front to back. There are silk tassels on both sides of the crown ring, which are tied under the chin. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the crown beam became wider and wider, connected with the crown ring into a cup shape, and its shape gradually became a hat shape. There are many kinds of crowns, the most famous of which is Guan Liang in Han Dynasty.

Hat is a kind of ancient "headdress" and the oldest "headdress". Ancient "headdresses" include hats, towels, shoulders, heads, crowns, crowns and so on. The word "hat" was not included in Shuo Wen Jie Zi, indicating that hats appeared after the Eastern Han Dynasty.

There is no clear definition of ancient hats, and sometimes they are similar to other "headdresses" in appearance, and there is no particularly strict boundary, but generally speaking, hats are dome-shaped and can cover the whole head, which is convenient to put on and take off, and people wear them every day.

China has a long history of wearing hats. Before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people wore hats, and they were fur hats. Only later, with the establishment of feudal system and the emergence of hierarchy, people with general status and status turned to wear hats, crowns and crowns. Hats have become special products for children. In the Jin dynasty, the requirements were not so strict, and ordinary scholars could wear hats. In fact, in the Three Kingdoms period, literati who were not officials were allowed to wear hats. The famous Gao Ning wears a black cloth hat at home, but he is not allowed to wear a hat on formal occasions. According to the regulations, he has to wear a crown and a hat.

Because of the convenience of hats, after the Northern Wei Dynasty, the literati gradually put on hats and became common costumes in daily life. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the great ethnic integration, hats became common daily clothes, and they were as easy to take off as modern hats.

Ancient people wore the same hats as they do now. They liked to follow the fashion. During the last week, Du's hat tilted slightly while hunting. As a result, people had to imitate him and put it on obliquely, thinking it was fashionable. Before becoming emperor, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty wore a hat to cover it up for fear of being seen with sarcoma on his neck, which became popular and fashionable.

There are many kinds of hats, such as sun hat, big hat, white gauze hat, black gauze hat and soap hat. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were mat hats, clay hats, felt hats, ear-pressing hats, wind hats, curtain hats worn by women, and Hu Mao. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were brown hats, sun hats, round hats, goose hats, hall hats, towel tube hats, corrugated felt hats, small hats, rolled-brim felt hats, leather hats, dog head hats and cool hats. Because of the different materials and shapes, they have the functions of windproof, sunshade, warmth retention and beautiful decoration. One of the most famous is their work.