What luminous vase did Tang Ying make on the auspicious day of the first month of the first year of the Qing Dynasty?

On the auspicious day of the first month of the first year of the Qing Dynasty, Tang Ying was ordered to make "three luminous vases with the same pattern and enamel color".

Enamel porcelain has reached its peak with its white and firm quality, jade-like glaze color, bright and heavy tone, meticulous brush strokes, exquisite skills, realistic three-dimensional sense and perfect firing skills. What is particularly commendable is that he is also the crystallization of Chinese and Western arts and crafts. Moreover, under the direct inspiration and personal guidance of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong, the best porcelain tires were selected from Jingdezhen and transported to the court. Under this specific condition, the cooperation between court painters and western painters and the innovative technological crystallization are rare in the history of Chinese ceramics and even the history of world culture. Enamel porcelain is a "royal porcelain" specially designed for royal concubines in the Forbidden City. Qianlong once ordered "Shu Ren to have a quick look". Although the firing of enamel has experienced three generations of Kang, Yong and Gan, it has only been more than forty years. Since the death of Tang Ying, a pottery official, it has rarely been fired. From the archives after the mid-Qianlong period, there is no record of enamel porcelain. Therefore, enamel porcelain is very precious and rare.

In the early Qing Dynasty, with the influx of western religions, astronomical calendars, mathematics, physics, medicine, music, painting and various arts and crafts, it had a great impact on China society. As the supreme ruler, Emperor Kangxi, after careful consideration, decided to adopt an attitude of accepting advanced science and technology in foreign cultures rather than blindly worshipping them, and supported cultural exchanges between China and the West, which was beneficial to the development of China culture. The creation of enamel porcelain is produced under such conditions. Enamel glaze, an exotic artistic decoration material, appeared in the 11th dynasty of ancient Egypt as early as 1800 BC, but it was only a rather rough product at that time. Modern enamel painting technology originated in France in the middle of15th century. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the French craftsman Jing I invented a new method of enamel painting, that is, adding different metal oxides into this soft glass material as colorants, and mixing them with oil to become a modern enamel material, which can achieve a harmonious color effect like oil painting and decorate it on copper tire crafts. When a French missionary presented an enamel vase painted with a copper tire as a tribute to Emperor Kangxi, its beautiful shape and bright colors were more attractive than colorful porcelain, and it was deeply loved and attracted by Kangxi, which induced the wonderful idea of transplanting enamel glaze into porcelain and decided to try to make it in the palace. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688), the arduous process of trying to burn in the palace began. When Ma Guoxian wrote back to China, he mentioned that "the emperor was fascinated by our European enamel paintings and introduced them to the Palace Museum as much as possible. Because he brought back the colors used for painting porcelain and several large pieces of enamel from Europe, he believed that he could make something. He ordered Lang Shining and I to paint with enamel. ?

Because enameled porcelain imitates the technique of painting enamel on copper tires, it paints on porcelain tires with a variety of enamel glazes, but copper tires are metal tires and porcelain tires are non-metal, and their textures are completely different. It is very difficult to coat enamel on copper tires, and it is difficult to master the sintering time after entering the kiln. In addition, the enamel pigments were imported from foreign countries, so the progress was very slow until Kangxi was alive. After thirty-two years of hard work, it was not until the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi (1720), the year before his death, that it was successfully fired.

After Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong loved to paint enamel with porcelain tires, especially with famous court painters. Among them, the Tang Dynasty was famous for its "deep and stable landscape". Dai Heng was good at flower-and-bird painting and was a master of ink painting and enamel painting. He Jinkun is a painter with paintings in the continuation of Shiqu Baodi, and he is famous for his "being good at painting figures and flowers" and "rich mountains and rivers at the bottom of his pen". These famous court painters exchanged experiences with Lang Shining and other western painters.

The enamel painted by Lang Shining for the palace is treasured by the palace, and the quantity is very small, that is, two or three pieces.

Lang Shining's paintings combine Chinese and western techniques, and use China's painters as western painting methods, thus achieving unique and gorgeous colors. Porcelain vases show China's freehand brushwork with western enamel materials, which is unique. What is even more unexpected is that Lang Shining avoided the traditional painting in China, and used continuous lines to shape the image, but short and thin lines to express the three-dimensional sense and the realism of light and shade. In the words of experts, it is "open". The inscription reads in regular script: "On the auspicious day of the first month of the first year of Qing Qianlong, Yuan Wailang, Minister of Interior Affairs, acted as the agent of Jiujiang Pass, and was in charge of the kiln affairs of Jingdezhen Factory, and Tang Ying was ordered to supervise the firing of pottery". The blue-and-white regular script on the bottom of the bottle is "Qianlong Imperial System", the red double-circle red regular script "Huang Qing Qianlong Imperial System" on the right, and the red colored regular script "Qianlong Imperial Treasure" on the left.