I want to ask how many years will the lunar birthday and the solar birthday be the same as the date of birth?

Nineteen years, this is not the right appointment!

Chinese lunar calendar

The 24 Solar Terms

Yin method, also known as lunar calendar, is divided into four seasons, twenty-four solar terms and annual festivals according to the natural days of the year. The twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar include: beginning of spring, rain, fright, vernal equinox, Qingming and Grain Rain; Long summer, xiaoman, mangzhong, summer solstice, summer heat, summer heat; Beginning of autumn, first ripe, white dew, autumnal equinox, cold dew, early autumn frost; Beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice, slight cold, cold winter. Twenty-four solar terms are subdivided into twelve solar terms and twelve middle qi. Solar terms are solar terms sorted by odd time, namely: beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, Heavy Snow and Slight Cold; The other twelve solar terms, namely rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, great summer heat, early summer heat, autumn equinox, early frost, light snow, winter solstice and severe cold, are called Zhongqi. These 24 solar terms are divided equally in the twelve months of Gregorian calendar (Gregorian calendar), with one day and one month, such as 1 month (Gregorian calendar), the 5th, 6th or 7th day is a slight cold, and the 20th or 2nd1day is a severe cold. In order to facilitate the memory of these solar terms, people created twenty-four solar term song:

Spring rains shake spring and clear valleys,

Summer is full of mountains and summer is connected;

Autumn dew and autumn frost,

It snows in winter, it snows in winter, and it's a little cold in winter.

Two festivals in a month remain unchanged,

A day or two at most,

In the first half of this year,

The second half of the year is August 23rd.

The first four sentences of Twenty-four Solar Terms Song were circulated among the people as early as the Song Dynasty, and the last four sentences were added by Mr. Guo Moruo to facilitate the connection with the Gregorian calendar.

Determination of 24 solar terms

In astronomy, the twenty-four solar terms refer to the special position where the direct point of the sun moves. For example, the winter solstice is the moment when the sun shines directly on the tropic of Capricorn, which is the winter solstice, and the day including the winter solstice is the winter solstice. Because the cycle of the sun's return movement is about 525,948.76 … minutes, and this figure is reciprocal to the earth's rotation period, the 24 solar terms are different every year, and the dates of these moments are certainly different.

However, the time difference between two adjacent solar terms is fixed, and their time difference is shown in the following table (time unit: minutes):

The time difference between the solar term serial number and the previous solar term and the slight cold time difference.

23 slight cold 2 1 190.80 0.00

24 severe cold +0208.24 2 1208.24

Beginning of spring 1 165438 56666

2 Rainwater 2 1368.72 635.73

3 Jing-Zhe 2 1505438+0.38+0438+0.

4 vernal equinox 21677.32107014.43

5 Qingming 21852.55128866.98

6 Grain Rain 22054.2315091.21.

7 changxia 2228.09 173 149.30

8 Xiaoman 22401.79195551.09

9 Miscanthus 22520.45218071.54

10 summer solstice 2262 1.66 240693.20

Slight summer heat of 1 1 .50000.00000000005

12 of the heat. 56682.88868888686

Beginning of autumn, 13, 200109.100000000505

14 summer vacation 2470.60 33 1033.37

15 Bailu 22316.50000.00000000005

The autumn equinox of 162 144. 56638.68666666666

17 cold dew1953.09809.000000000805

18 first frost 21762.68 419210.10.

Beginning of winter 2 19638686366

No.20 Xiao Xue Road 2 14665863666

Heavy snow 2 1 265438

Solstice in winter 2 12635863636

* Note: The slight cold time of 1900 is165438+2:05:00 am on October 6th.

lunar month

Except for the twenty-four solar terms, the months in the lunar calendar are set according to the cycle of the moon phase change. That is, the big month is 30 days and the small month is 29 days. The first day of each month in the lunar calendar is called "New Moon" and the fifteenth day of each month is called "Hope". At the new moon, the moon runs between the sun and the earth, and the shadow faces the earth and appears at the same time as the sun, so people can't see the moon. When looking at the sun, the earth moves between the sun and the moon. The sun sets in the west and the moon rises in the east, so you can see the full moon all night.

According to the cycle of the first lunar month, the first day is the first day, and the first lunar month is about 29.5059 days long. Because there are few months in the lunar calendar, there are 355 or 354 days in a year, which is about 1 1 day different from the earth year, there should be a leap month every three years, and there should be seven leap months every 19. A year with a leap month is also called a leap year. The specific leap month depends on the elasticity of solar terms.

In ancient China, the month was usually marked by the twelve earthly branches and twelve middle qi: for example, the month with the middle qi rain was silver moon, that is, the first month; It's February in Uzuki. The month containing the winter solstice of China Gas is the next month or winter month (1 1 month). When a month does not contain neutral gas, this month is the leap month of last month. For example, July 25th, 2006 is Bing Xu Lunar New Year (the first day of July), and then August 24th is Bing Xu Lunar New Year (the first day of leap July)-from August 24th, 2006 to 2 1, and September 20th, 2006, there are only solar terms, so it is called leap July.

Then, why should the lunar calendar set a leap month?

At present, the solar calendar we use is based on the tropic year when the earth revolves around the sun, and the length of tropic year is 365.2422 days. The lunar calendar is based on the change of the moon, and the length of a new moon is 29.53 days. The lunar calendar is based on the lunar calendar, and its date can not only show the changes of the moon's profit and loss, but also keep pace with the four seasons in the Gregorian calendar.

There are only 354.3672 days in the lunar calendar, and there are 12 moons in a year, which is 10.88 days less than the tropic year of the solar calendar (365.438+09 days). If the leap month was not inserted last year, then last year's Spring Festival took place on June 65438+ 10/0 in 2005. In a few years, the phenomenon of "six In the snow" will appear in the lunar calendar. In order to coordinate the seasonal relationship between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, China adopted "seven leap months in nineteen years" in the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, in the tropic year of 19 (6939.6 days), seven leap months were inserted into the lunar calendar. 19 There are 228 moons in lunar year, plus 7 leap months, there are 235 moons (6939.7 days). Therefore, if seven leap months are inserted into the lunar calendar 19, the cold and hot changes of the lunar calendar will be basically consistent with those of the Gregorian calendar.

However, why use the "19 year seven leap method"?

In order to make the calendar accurate, we need to make the number of days in M tropic years as close as possible to the number of days in N lunar months, that is, m×365.2422…=n×29.5306…

∫m:n = 29.5306…:365.2422…≈ 19:235

And 235- 12× 19=7.

The error at this time is:19× 365.2422 ...-235× 29.5306 ≈ 0.0892 days.

That is to say, there will be a gap of about one day after 2 13 years of lunar calendar. High accuracy.

∴ 19 tropic year must add 7 leap months.

Set the leap method:

Civil calendar: the results of setting leap in 24 time zones are different (adopted in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty, namely 1645). )

1. All new moons and solar terms are calculated according to Beijing time. At present, Beijing time is east longitude 120 degrees, which is the standard time in the East Eighth District. However, when calculating the lunar calendar time before 1929, Beijing local time, that is, east longitude 1 16 degrees 25, shall prevail. This rule is used to distinguish the China lunar calendar from other similar lunar calendars, such as the Japanese imitation of the ancient China lunar calendar (in different time zones and different longitudes, the leap month sequence patterns calculated by the Yin and Yang calendars will be different).

2. If a solar term appears on this day, whether it appears later than the new moon or not, it will be counted as falling into the new moon.

In civil use, if the first day of a month is on the same day as Qi, then the lunar month contains that Qi.

In different time zones, with different longitudes as the longitude, the calculated leap month sequence patterns of Yin and Yang calendars will be different.

Calendar: The leap results in 24 time zones are the same.

All leap months in different time zones are in the same month.

In the calendar, if the date of the first lunar month is the same as that of the first lunar month, and the date of the first lunar month must be before the date of the first lunar month, then the first lunar month includes the first lunar month.

Compare the date of the new moon with the date of civil gas; Compare the date, hour, minute and second of the new moon and gas in the calendar.

Without the exact time figures of the sun and the moon, the leap month of the lunar calendar may be arranged incorrectly.

For example, from 1600 to 2246, the folk calendar has 22 lunar months and only 5 calendar months. Even in 2033, February128, 2242, the civil calendar actually used up two pairs of gas in three months; In other words, there are two "fake" leap months in three months. 12 There are three leap months in the lunar calendar, and the issue of whether or not to stay in the leap months has aroused many scholars' discussions and concerns.

During these three years, the calendar did not find a double lunar month. As long as the "fake" leap month after the double neutral month is cancelled, the calendar will be almost perfect.

Therefore, the civil calendar is very problematic and should be abolished. The last big change of the lunar calendar was in 1645, which has been more than 350 years. With the progress of astronomical science, the lunar calendar in China should use a more accurate calendar. So that future generations will not waste time discussing whether to stay or not.

"heavenly stems and earthly branches"

China used "heavenly stems and earthly branches" instead of numbers in ancient times. The so-called "heavenly stem" refers to ten words: A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui; "Dizhi" is a familiar twelve characters affixed to the front of the zodiac: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. During the discipline, the heavenly stems are in front and the earthly branches are behind, rotating in turn to form sixty combinations, as shown in the following table:

Jiazi 1 JOE1kloc-0/Shen Jia 2 1 Wu Jia 3 1 Chen Jia 4 1 Jiayin 5 1

Yechou 2 Yehai 12 has leaves 22 Yewei 32 Ye Si 42 Maoye 52.

Bing Yin 3 Bing Zi 13 Xu Bing 23 Bing Shen 33 Wu Bing 43 Bing Chen 53

Ding Mao 4 Ding Chou 14 Ding Hai 24 Ding You 34 Ding Wei 44 Ding Si 54

Chen Wu 5 Wuyin 15 Wuzi 25 Wuxu 35 Wushen 45 Wuwu 55

Keith 6 Ji Mao 16 Ji Chou 26 Ji Hai 36 Ji You 46 Wiki 56

Geng Wu 7 Chen Geng 17 Geng Yin 27 Geng Zi 37 Geng Xu 47 Geng Shen 57

8 Sims 18 Xinmao 28 Xin Chou 38 Xin Hai 48 Xin You 58

Ren Shen 9 people 19 people, 29 people, 39 people, 49 people and 59 people.

Gui You 10 Guiwei 20 Guisi 30 Guimao 40 Guichou 50 Guihai 60

In this way, the sixty words are circularly connected, which is the "heavenly stems and earthly branches" chronological method, or the "dry branch" chronological method for short, and these sixty words are called "Sixty Jiazi".

The chronological method of Ganzhi can be divided into: Ganzhi calendar year, calendar month, calendar day and duration. Each of these four items will have a bunch of words, so together, there are eight words. If you use them to record a person's birth time, it is often called "birthday".

Chronology of trunk and branch is a method to mark the lunar year with the trunk and branch of a certain day. For example, the lunar year from1February 2, 984 to1February 80985 180985 is the year of the rat. Another example is the Year of the Dog, which began on June 29th, 2006.

The Gregorian calendar year of the trunk branch is similar to that of the trunk branch, but the month here is not a real new moon, but refers to (about) thirty days between two solar terms. For example, the month between beginning of spring and Jing Ke is a cloudy month, and the month between Jing Ke and Qingming is a hairy month. For example, silver moon in 1984 is "Bingyin" and silver moon in 1985 is "Wuyin".

The date of the branch is a method of marking the date with "Sixty Jiazi". Every day from 0: 00 am to 0: 00 am the next day. For example, September 20, 2006 is Renzi Day, and the next day is Guichou Day. Like years and months, dates can only be marked by one branch, such as Wugeng Day and Chen Geng Day.

During the main and branch periods, one minute was divided into twelve hours in ancient times. From 23: 00 the previous day to today 1, it is called Zishi (the last four hours of Zishi belong to the previous day, and the next four hours belong to a new day). 1 to 3: 00 is ugly and can be pushed in turn, and the unitary time is 15 to 19. However, the hourly celestial drying is a five-day cycle. For example, from 23: 00 on February 3, 2005 to 2006, it was Jiazi, and the next hour was ugly.

"Sanjiu" and "Sanfu"

People often say that Kung Fu should be practiced in winter and summer, which means the coldest 27 days and the hottest 30 days in a year. The natural "March 9th" and "dog days" are not necessarily the coldest or hottest days, but from people's experience, the coldest or hottest weather is likely to appear in the "March 9th" or "dog days".

"March 9" refers to the twenty-seventh day after the winter solstice. Because the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn during the winter solstice, the days in the northern hemisphere are short and the light is insufficient, and the temperature is basically the lowest in the whole year, so we generally regard "March 9" as the coldest time. The folk also compiled a ballad for "March 9" and the 54 days after it: "1929 did not make a move, walked on the ice in 1949, watched the willow crossing the river in 1969, and deleted clothes in 1989; 998 1 year, busy in the field. "

"Sanfu" generally consists of the first ten days, the middle ten days and the last ten days. Generally, it lasts for 30 days from summer to the third Geng day in the future. But sometimes there are twenty days in middle school, and the last ten days of these twenty days are what people call "leap forward"

Why is there a "middle leap"?

The first day of lodging is the third Geng day after summer, the first day of intermediate lodging is the fourth Geng day after summer, and the last lodging is the first Geng day after beginning of autumn, not the fifth Geng day after summer. Generally speaking, the fifth Geng Day after long summer is the first Geng Day after beginning of autumn, but when the earth is farther away from the sun than usual, the revolution speed slows down, the time for the sun to directly hit the northern regression zone is prolonged, the weather will be hotter and last longer than in previous years, beginning of autumn will be later than in previous years, and the fifth Geng Day after long summer will come before beginning of autumn-the last day will naturally become the sixth Geng Day after long summer. At this time, the fifth Geng day ten days later is another midsummer-"leap midsummer".

Lunar principle

On the basis of astronomical observation, the method of "leap month" is found out, which ensures that the first month to March is spring, April to June is summer, July to September is autumn, and October to December is winter. At the same time, it also ensures that the beginning of the lunar calendar is in late winter and early spring.

Basic laws of lunar calendar

1. The first day of the month (the first day) and the big and small months (30 days for the big month and 29 days for the small month) need to be determined through strict observation and calculation.

2. The month is named after Zhongqi.

The first month is a "cloudy" month.

4. A leap month is a month with the same name as the previous month.

5. The first leap month (fake leap month) after two neutral months needs to be deleted (calendar).

6. The annual winter solstice always appears in 1 1 month of this year's lunar calendar.

7. From the day after the winter solstice of one year to the day from the winter solstice of the next year, if there are thirteen new moons, a leap month will be added. When a leap month needs to be added, the first lifeless month is the leap month. Because there are only twelve kinds of neutral gases, there is no possibility of neutral gases for at least one month and two months. But in this case, only the first month without breath is a leap month. When the month before leap month is a month, it is called leap month.

Rough conversion algorithm between lunar calendar and solar calendar

Date algorithm

The following methods can be used to convert solar calendar dates into lunar calendar dates (remainder method):

Suppose: the number of years-1977 (or1901) = 4q+r 0) = 4q+r.

Then: lunar calendar date = [14q+10.6 (r+1)+day of the year -29.5n]

(Q、R、n∈N+，R & lt4)

For example: Lunar date1May 7, 994 is:

1994- 1977= 17=4×4+ 1

So Q=4, R= 1, so the seventh day of the fifth lunar month is:

Lunar date = [14x4+10.6x (1+1)+(31+28+31+7)-.

=[204.2-29.5 n] (maximum (n), n∈N+)

=[27.2]

=27

In other words,1May 7, 994 is the 27th day of the lunar calendar.

Monthly calculation

The calculation of the month is more complicated, and this method can generally be used (ranking method):

1. First find out the first month of the year after 65438+1October 22nd by the congruence method;

2. Then, step by step with 29, and use α to push back from the base to find out the future lunar calendar, and divide the lunar calendar accordingly;

3. Using the eight-year table method, the date of twelve-year-old gas is obtained and divided into lunar months;

4. Find the first moon that is not neutral. If it is neutral every month, proceed to the next step. If it is neutral or non-neutral, it is the leap month of last month, and the subsequent month is the month before alpha month;

5. find out which month the date you need to determine is assigned, that is.

The lunar calendar is determined according to the time of the earth's return year and the change of the moon phase. The change is complex and the time is accurate, so it can't be summarized by simple mathematical formula. The calculation method introduced above is only a rough calculation, which cannot be used as the standard of the lunar calendar, but requires constant and accurate observation and deduction to reach the real lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is formulated according to the weather, phenological conditions and agricultural activities around people, which is practical, so it has become a calendar with four distinct seasons and is easy to remember. In China, the lunar calendar is especially suitable for the vast areas of the Central Plains.

The formula of big and small moon in lunar calendar

Make up two hexagrams a year, and it will be safe in early July and February.

Bian Xiao divination, meet leap moon thirteen Yin ocean.

Leap between adjacent buildings, and set the year and month according to the festival.

Calculation method: In order to know the arrangement order of lunar months and whether there is a leap month in a certain year, this formula is compiled. Under normal circumstances, the lunar calendar is twelve months a year. We can make up the first divination from January to June, the last divination from July to December, two divinations for several years, the first divination in January and the first divination in July. "Yin and Yang are small strings of divination, and when it meets the 13th day of leap month", we use Yin as the symbol of the big month, Yang as the symbol of the small month, and Yin and Yang as the symbol of the year in order of size. If there is a leap month, there is one more month, and a year is thirteen months. "In leap years, adjacent buildings are separated, and the year and month are counted according to the festival". When there is a leap month in a year, it is indicated by yin and yang according to the size of the leap month, and marked on the left side of the middle of the leap month before and after the leap month, just like divination. You can tell at a glance whether a leap month is a big one or a small one. At the same time, I remind you that the year and day of the lunar calendar are not determined by the month in which the perpetual calendar is compiled, but by the solar terms. For example, 1998, according to the above method, two hexagrams of well and ridge can be compiled. May this year is a small moon, and the symbol of the first half is ":". : 。 . In the second half of the year, the monthly divination symbol is "= = = =", and in the first half of the year, between May and June, there are blessings and yang. It can be seen that this year's Runmei is 29 days.

For 5,000 years, China has been founded on agriculture, and making calendars is a national event. In the past, in order to show their loyalty to China, the vassal states used to honor the new moon according to the calendar and year number promulgated by China. However, since the Republic of China, China has moved from feudalism to modernity, and the calendar has been decoupled from politics. After the founding of New China, Purple Mountain Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences assumed the role of the former censor and was responsible for compiling the perpetual calendar. Since the perpetual calendar has lost its original meaning of "the original moon", different versions of the perpetual calendar are circulating in the workshop, and artists must carefully distinguish them.

Let's give an example: Gregorian calendar1September 2, 978, which month and which day is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month?

Comparing with the perpetual calendar in the workshop, some say it is July 30th, while others say it is August 1 day. Moreover, due to the time sequence, the Gregorian calendar is 1 September 3, 978, and the lunar calendar is also different from August1day and August 2, so the whole lunar calendar is different in August. This seemingly ordinary lunar calendar conversion leads to a deep theoretical problem.

In addition, the number of battles in Wei Zi depends on the year, month, day and time of the lunar calendar. If the date of the lunar calendar is uncertain, there is no way to decide fate. Therefore, this problem deserves our further study.

This question can be expressed in another way: Is the year of 1978 "July small and August big" or "July big and August small"? There has been some controversy about the arrangement of the size of the lunar calendar from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. I might as well elaborate on it here.

In the calendar before the Tang Dynasty in China, the average number of days of the second "combination of the sun and the moon" (that is, seeing the new moon on the earth) was 29.53 days, which was called "lunar month". Because 29.53 is not an integer, the lunar calendar has a big moon and a small moon, with a big moon on the 30th and a small moon on the 29th. From the pre-Qin dynasty to the Tang dynasty, the calendar was full of big and small moons, only sometimes two big moons appeared in succession. This kind of calendar is for Pingshuo.

However, because the moon revolves around the earth in an elliptical orbit, the speed of the moon's revolution is different, and 29.53 days is only the average of the first month of the lunar calendar. It is true that the calendar of Pingshuo is relatively simple, and the moon alternates with the moon, but the conjunction of the sun and the moon (new moon) does not necessarily occur in the first day, but may occur at the end of last month or the second day of this month. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, He Chengtian in Liu and Song Dynasties first advocated that the actual day of "the sun meets the moon" should be the first day. This kind of calendar is to "fix the new moon". In the "new moon" calendar, the first day must be the day when the sun and the moon meet. However, due to the uneven revolution speed of the moon, it lasted for several months or months. At first, the method of "fixing the new moon" met with a lot of resistance. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the calendar of China began to abandon Pingshuo and use Dingshuo instead.

Therefore, to answer whether 1978' s Wuwu Year is "July is small and August is big" or "July is big and August is small", we need to find out the exact time when the sun and the moon met in that year. The following is a book entitled 160 Eclipse Calendar, edited by Liu Baolin and Liu Tingting and published by Science Press, which records the sun and the moon:

When the sun meets the moon, the day of the moon and the lunar calendar

1February 7, 978 at 22: 54, the first day of the first month of Wuwu.

1March 9, 978 10: 36, the first day of May, May and February.

1978 at 23: 00 on April 7th, 15, the first day of March in Wuwu.

65438+May 7, 0978 12: 47, the first day of May, May and April.

1978 03: 06: 08 0 1: the first day of May in Wuwu.

1July 5, 978 17: 50, the first day of May, May and June.

1978 August 4th, 09: 0 1: May 5th, July 1st.

10: 09 September 3, 1978, the first day of May, May and August.

1978 10 February 2 14: 00 4 1: the first day of September in Wuwu.

1978165438+1October 1 04: 06, the first day of October.

1978165438+1October 30th 16: 08 19: the first day of November.

1978 13: 36 February 30th, the first day of December, Wuwu year.

According to the preface of the calendar of 160 years, the book uses modern Chinese standard time, that is, the time in the East Eight District of Greenwich (East longitude 120 degrees). Beijing is located at east longitude 1 16 degrees 23 minutes, so the local average time in Beijing is 14 minutes earlier than China standard time, as shown in the following table:

East Eighth District Time, China Standard Time 120 degrees 00: 00.

The local average time in Beijing is 1 16 degrees 23: 23: 46.

The time in Dong Qi is 105 at 23 o'clock.

The difference of perpetual calendars actually comes from the time difference. If the calendar compilers adopt modern Chinese standard time and the sun and the moon coincide at 00: 09 on September 3rd, 978, then September 3rd of the Gregorian calendar is the first day of the eighth lunar month, that is, July is big and August is small; However, if the local average time in Beijing is adopted, and the conjunction of the sun and the moon occurs at 23: 55 on September 2, 978, then September 2 of the solar calendar is the first day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, that is, July is small and August is big.

There was no concept of modern time zone in ancient China, and astronomical observation and calculation were carried out in the capital of the dynasty, that is, where Qin Tianjian was located. Therefore, the author thinks that 1978' s "July is small and August is big" is more appropriate.