Who can tell me something about Vietnamese culture and customs?

Vietnamese traditional folk festivals mainly include Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Pangu Festival. Influenced by China's traditional culture, Vietnamese traditional folk festivals, dates and contents are basically the same as those in China. The Spring Festival is in the first month of the lunar calendar and is the biggest festival in Vietnam. Tomb-Sweeping Day worships ancestors and sweeps graves. Eat zongzi and race dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival. Enjoy the moon and eat moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival.

The Spring Festival in Vietnam begins on the first day of the first lunar month (the same as the China lunar calendar) and is the most important folk festival in Vietnam. According to the traditional customs of Vietnam, every household should prepare new year's goods from the "Send Kitchen God Festival" on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. During the Spring Festival, people wear holiday clothes, men wear suits and women wear robes. During the Chinese New Year, we have a family reunion dinner, set off fireworks, worship ancestors, visit relatives and friends, and pay New Year greetings to each other. Every household eats a square jiaozi and a round rice cake, which is an indispensable traditional food during the Spring Festival, symbolizing good weather, abundant crops and good luck. On new year's eve, there is a custom of keeping the age. At zero o'clock, firecrackers exploded outside the house, illuminating the whole sky, and the house began to worship the gods and ancestors. After the worship on New Year's Eve, everyone happily went to the temple pavilion to burn incense and pray for a happy New Year. Every family sticks Spring Festival couplets and hangs New Year pictures to increase the festive atmosphere. Spring Festival couplets are written in Chinese characters or Vietnamese documents, and the New Year pictures are generally "fat dolls" and "mice welcoming relatives". Every household should decorate three kinds of holiday decorations: a bunch of flowers, a pot of kumquat and a plate of five kinds of fruits. These three things indicate good luck and prosperity in the new year. During the Spring Festival, there are all kinds of taboos: no farm work, no quarreling, no swearing, no throwing things and so on.

On the first, second and third days of the first month, people pay New Year greetings to each other, which is also the main activity of the Spring Festival. On the first morning of New Year's Day, the first outsider who enters the house usually chooses and arranges in advance, because it is generally believed that this is a sign of good or bad luck for the whole family in the coming year.

During the Spring Festival, there are grand flower markets in major cities. Northerners like budding peach blossoms, while southerners worship wintersweet. Young men and women go to the flower market in groups of three to five to participate in various games: cockfighting, fencing, shooting, flower arranging competition, wrestling competition and so on. During the Spring Festival, Jing people have the habit of catching temple fairs on the first day of the first month. At the temple fair, the long dragons and lions in Wuli Baxiang gather together, the golden dragons dance wildly and the lions play with each other. The scene is very warm. People also compete to participate in games such as guessing and singing. Cooking competitions for women are very interesting, and water cooking competitions are even more interesting. First, you have to eat sugar cane quickly, and use the eaten bagasse as fuel for cooking. When cooking, you need to take care of a child, and at the same time you need to take care of a frog to prevent it from jumping into the water. Finally, the winner is considered to be the luckiest this year. There are various forms of folk entertainment in urban and rural areas, such as performing traditional folk dramas, swinging, boat racing and water puppet shows.

During the Spring Festival in Vietnam, there is a custom of erecting poles to exorcise ghosts. During the Spring Festival, it is necessary to erect a Spring Festival pole to exorcise ghosts. Spring Festival pole, also called ghost pole, is 5-6 meters long and stands outdoors during the Spring Festival. Bamboo rings are hung on the tip of the pole, and some small toys and bells are hung on the rings. The hanging object at the tip of the pole symbolizes the cassock, which makes the ghost dare not be presumptuous. This custom has been preserved to this day.

The Dragon Boat Festival in Vietnam is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, also known as Zhengyang Festival. There is a custom of eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival, and there is also a custom of expelling insects on the Dragon Boat Festival. On the morning of the festival, parents prepare sour food and fruits such as glutinous rice wine, glutinous rice with yellow ginger, peaches, plums and lemons for their children. In some areas in the south, children are allowed to eat watermelons, mangoes, boiled eggs and coconut juice, while adults drink realgar, which is applied to children's heads, foreheads, chests and navel to repel insects. In many areas, children dye their fingers and toes with henna and wear amulets woven by wizards with five-color ropes to ward off evil spirits. Families with few children or sickly will wear such clothes in the morning before the festival to ward off evil spirits. Collecting herbs during the Dragon Boat Festival is an essential activity. People think that "Dragon Boat Festival Herbs" are the most effective, and many markets have drug monopoly booths.

Ha Festival is a unique traditional festival of the Jing nationality in Vietnam, and its grand degree is second only to the Spring Festival. "Ha" means "singing" in Beijing dialect, and the literal translation of "Ha Festival" is the festival of singing. The activities of the art festival are mainly singing. The dates of festivals vary from place to place, some are in June 10, and some are in August 10. All the villages inhabited by the Jing nationality have built hatred, gods and memorial tablets of various surnames. Usually, hat-making can also be used for people to enjoy the cool, sing songs and engage in social activities for young men and women. If you are not invited to visit the Jing village, don't walk into hatred. Female tourists should pay special attention to the gods and tablets that provide entertainment in hate. Don't touch or give directions.

On the Hajj Festival, men gather to worship their ancestors, feast, watch operas, wrestle and have all-night parties. There are many steps on the east and west sides of the hat purlin. During the Hatting Festival, the adult men in the village are seated according to their grades. * * * There are five grades: advanced, intermediate, low, Ding Bai and Dali. The division of these five grades is based on the amount of donations made by various families when the "Hate Pavilion" was established. People who donate the most money are classified as senior, and they get more sacrifices when they sit in senior positions. The rest are in order. Besides sitting on the bottom steps, Ding Bai and Dali are also responsible for manual labor such as carrying incense tables, carrying water and waiting on others. All men attending the meeting, including guests from other villages, can attend the group banquet, but women are not allowed to attend. Men often stay up late listening to songs and watching dances while eating and drinking. During the Ha Festival, apart from the choir singing in Ha Ting, troupes are often invited to sing in Ha Ting or hold bullfighting and wrestling competitions outside Ha Ting.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is on the 15th day of August in the lunar calendar, and it is mainly about eating moon cakes. Because the Mid-Autumn Festival is dominated by children, it is also called Children's Day. There is also the custom of playing lanterns on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival. According to legend, once upon a time, there was a carp that had been raised for many years. It came out at night and harmed people, causing everyone to close the door and dare not go out. Later, the black-faced Bao Gong taught people to make paper lanterns in the shape of carp and put a stick in the belly of carp. At night, people light lanterns and go out. When the goblins saw it, they were all afraid and didn't dare to do evil again. Since then, children have played with paper lanterns of various shapes in the moonlight on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival. Mid-Autumn Festival also organizes dragon boat races and dragon boat festivals in rural areas.

Pangu Festival is a traditional festival of Jing nationality in Vietnam, which is held in the second half of the lunar calendar. Every household kills chickens and pigs as sacrifices, offering sacrifices to Pangu, the ancestor of the world, and praying for the blessing of the ancestor God. The ceremony was grand, people prayed with piety, and the atmosphere was solemn.

On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, we celebrate the Kitchen God's Day, burn paper money and offer maltose blessings. Every household has to provide for it, hoping to get God's blessing.

Vietnamese Chinese still maintain the custom of offering sacrifices to gods, such as offering sacrifices to the god of wealth, the god of land, and protecting the god of wealth. China people regard Tianhou as the protector, and Tianhou's birthday is a public holiday on March 23rd of the lunar calendar. In the courtyard of the temple, a theatrical performance was organized. People offer all kinds of objects and incense to the Queen Mother, bathe in Buddha statues and pray for happiness and peace. The fifteenth day of the first lunar month and the fifteenth day of August are important festivals for China people every year. In addition to offering sacrifices, dragon dance teams, martial arts teams and gymnastics teams were also organized to perform in various temples, attracting a large audience. China people also offer sacrifices to other gods, such as Guan Gong on the 13th day of the first month. All these reflect the * * * belief and sacrifice spirit of Vietnamese Chinese.

Vietnamese, like other orientals, pay attention to filial piety. In every family, filial piety to grandparents and parents is an indispensable consciousness for children. Vietnamese worship their dead ancestors, so they attach great importance to their worship beliefs, which have been passed down from generation to generation and formed a scale. It is believed that although a relative is dead, his soul still exists, which plays a role in protecting and urging future generations and dominates everyone's activities. Many disasters in the world depend on the protection and relief of our ancestors.

Every Vietnamese family has no shrine, shrine or shrine. It is an altar for ancestor worship and a holy place for ancestor worship. No one among the untouchables can be defiled. In the city, the altars are small and varied because of the narrow residence. For example, nail a board to the wall, or use the top of the cabinet as an altar to worship ancestors. There is an incense burner in the center of the altar with two incense sticks on each side. Put a wooden plate or plastic with a thin waist and red paint in front of the incense burner. The fruit in the glass plate, in addition to a pair of vases and some cups and plates used as sacrificial handles. In some families, couplets are still posted on both sides of the altar, such as "the ancestors have done meritorious deeds for generations, and the children and grandchildren have been filial to Sun Xian for thousands of years", "the house of good manners is prosperous, and Lu Fa is prosperous and prosperous" and so on.

Vietnamese people regard offering sacrifices to their ancestors as a great event to thank them for raising their thoughts. Although many families have different religious beliefs, ancestor worship cannot be ignored. Before the Spring Festival comes, the altar must be rearranged, incense sticks inserted and offerings placed. During the three days of the Spring Festival, the altar is always burning incense. Before the family reunion dinner, parents and people should pray.

Vietnamese worship of ancestors is also manifested in avoiding names. Usually, children and grandchildren should avoid mentioning the names of grandparents and fathers. If some nouns in real life bear the names of grandparents and fathers, they should be avoided or replaced with synonyms. When children are young, parents don't let them know the names of their ancestors, in case the children yell and disrespect their ancestors. If you are laughed at or insulted by others pointing to your ancestors' names, those who are laughed at or insulted will think that they have been humiliated and will arouse great hatred. In recent years, anonymity is rarely used in cities, but in rural areas, this custom still exists.

In addition to ancestor worship, ancient Vietnamese people generally believed in town gods, divination, astrology, geomantic omen, elves and so on. All natural objects and natural phenomena, such as rivers, lakes, mountains, trees, wild animals, wind and rain, etc. There are elves in the brain and they should be sacrificed to eliminate disasters and reduce blessings. For example, in Jinlian Village, Dongduo County, Hanoi, there is still a monument to the Mountain King dating back to 15 10. In rural areas, there are generally land gods, banyan gods, snake gods, tiger gods and village central stones. Center plate, etc. People worship the tiger in the places where it frequents. They should not offend it in words and manners, and call it the "Mountain King" in a low voice. If you meet a tiger, not only can you not kill it, but you should also offer various sacrifices. Ancient Vietnamese generally worshipped ancient trees with evergreen seasons and lush foliage. They thought that these trees, which had been attacked by storms and lightning for a long time, could survive, and there must be gods under them. Therefore, people often set up incense tables under the shade of trees, especially under banyan trees, or build temples in the open space next to trees, where Mr. Feng Shui and fortune tellers often gather.

Basic etiquette

Vietnamese also have many taboos. With the increasing popularity of traveling to Vietnam, this long-term semi-closed country has gradually entered the vision of China people. The following are some of the most common taboos that Vietnamese people should pay attention to in public communication and daily life. Of course, with the development and progress of society, many people don't care about traditional taboos. In addition, people with different occupations and cultural levels have different attitudes towards taboos. However, as a tourist, "do as the Romans do" is a great pleasure in the journey.

(A) verbal taboos

1. Speak at the beginning of the year and the beginning of the month, and don't say things that may bring bad luck, such as monkeys and death;

2. avoid losing your temper at the beginning of the year and the beginning of the month, fearing that you will be sad all year round;

3. Avoid swearing at the beginning of the year and the beginning of the month, for fear of bringing bad luck to the whole year and the whole month;

4. Fishing is taboo to say cats, fearing that you can't catch fish;

5. When writing an article, I am afraid to hear the tragic voice;

6. Don't praise your child for being fat;

7. Children are forbidden to say the names of grandparents and parents.

(2) Dietary taboos

1. Children should avoid eating rice crust at school for fear of becoming stupid;

2. Children should avoid eating chicken feet when they go to school, for fear that their writing hands will shake;

3. People who do business are afraid of eating burnt rice and being unlucky;

4. People who play cards are afraid of eating burnt rice and losing;

5. People who go out dare not eat burnt rice for fear of encountering right and wrong;

6. Students are forbidden to eat shrimp in the exam because the shape of shrimp is very similar to the capital "L" of the first letter of the word "inferior";

7. It is forbidden to buckle the cup or turn the bottle upside down when drinking;

8. Playing cards is taboo to eat duck's head, afraid of losing;

9. Playing cards is taboo to eat sugar cane, for fear of early dispersion;

10. Dog meat is forbidden in temples.

(3) Wedding and funeral taboos

1. Niu Yue does not marry, fearing that the couple will be separated like cowherd and weaver girl;

2. Mother-in-law is pregnant and does not marry a daughter-in-law;

3. taboo to marry two daughters a year;

4. It is taboo for parents to send their daughters to their in-laws;

5. If there is a funeral at home, avoid using red;

6. Filial piety people don't go to eat areca, don't participate in festive activities, and don't wear silk clothes;

7. It is forbidden to wear clothes worn by the deceased before his death, and it is forbidden to sleep in the bed where the deceased slept before his death;

8. It is forbidden to carry the dead from outside the village through the village boundary, especially in front of the ancestral temple in the village.

(d) establish taboos

Don't build a house at the end of the year or at the end of the month, afraid of bad luck;

2. The number of rooms to be built cannot be even, only three to five. 7 equal singular numbers;

3. The door at home can't face other people's doors, for fear of bickering;

4. The room on the right side of the house can't face the corner of the pond, the cornice of the ancestral hall, and the roof of other people's homes;

5. Bury the column when building a house to avoid the inversion of the wooden column;

6. Taboo others to build houses in front of their own homes;

7. Before the groundbreaking ceremony was held in the village at the beginning of the year, you can't dig or move.

(5) Commercial taboos

1. Choose an auspicious day to open a shop and avoid opening on an unlucky day;

2. Don't touch pipes, fish sauce and lime buckets in business;

3. Doing business on credit;

4. Creditors are prohibited from collecting debts at the beginning of the year and the beginning of the month. Debtors are afraid of bad luck, and people come to collect debts all year round. People who can't pay their debts go out to hide their debts on New Year's Eve and dare to go home after midnight. Creditors always collect debts before New Year's Eve.

In business, customers are forbidden to make counter-offers for fear that the goods will not be sold. Since customers bargain, they have to bargain several times if they don't want to buy;

6. Don't talk about monkeys, sheep, tigers and leopards in business, for fear that the goods won't sell.

(6) Other daily life taboos

1. Avoid wearing white and indigo clothes at the beginning of the year and the beginning of the month. White and indigo are mourning colors. Wearing white and indigo clothes at the beginning of the year and the beginning of the month, I am afraid it will become an ominous sign.

2. It is forbidden to wear white clothes in festive and sacrificial activities, except funerals;

3. The couple are forbidden to use towels;

The couple are forbidden to pass toothpicks to each other;

5. Don't use your own comb except your husband or wife;

6. Avoid the inversion of the mat on the bed;

7. Don't sit with your back to the altar;

8. Avoid wearing hats indoors;

9. When taking pictures, it is forbidden for three people to take a group photo. It is said that people in the middle will be unlucky;

10. It is forbidden to clean the house at the beginning of the year. In doing so, it is said that things will not go smoothly for a year;

1 1. When the wife is pregnant, the husband is forbidden to kill or pile;

12. Pregnant women are forbidden to kill chickens and ducks;

13. It is forbidden for pregnant women to give birth at home from other places;

14. There are parturients at home, and outsiders are forbidden to enter;

15. Pregnant women are forbidden to go near the deceased and attend funerals unless there is a big funeral at home;

16. It is forbidden to make clothes for children with splicing cloth;

17. Don't pick fruit at night;

18. Don't urinate under the big tree for fear of encountering ghosts.

(7) Name and position

The surnames of Jing nationality, the main ethnic group in Vietnam, are Ruan, Chen, Wu and Li. Like China people, Vietnamese people have their surnames first and their surnames last. Most of them are single surnames with two characters, and a few are single surnames. In Vietnamese address forms, except for the neutral "I" in the first person (pronounced "right"), the second person "you" and the third person "he (she)" have no neutral personal pronouns, and they are usually called according to each other's seniority or status to show their love or respect. For example, for parents, the second person directly uses "uncle", "aunt", "uncle" and "aunt"; The third person uses "uncle" and "aunt". The Vietnamese greeting is neither "morning nor night" nor "hello". "Goodbye" is usually expressed by "calling up". For example, saying "call comrade" means "hello comrade", and saying "call comrade" means saying "goodbye comrade" respectively. When Vietnamese address each other, they usually address each other by their surnames, and seldom by their surnames. That is considered impolite. For example, a person named Ruan Xingqiang can be called "Qiang Bo", "Qiang Shu", "Qiang Ge", "Qiang Di", "Qiang Sir" and "Qiang Comrade" according to his age and intimacy.

(8) Vietnamese social etiquette

Vietnamese people are very polite. Say hello or nod when you meet. When greeting, you should call your elders Da Die, aunt or uncle, your peers brothers and sisters, and your children brothers and sisters. When meeting, shaking hands is common, and hugs and kisses are generally not needed. Some ethnic minorities, such as Miao and Yao, bow with their fists, while those who believe in Hinayana Buddhism (such as Khmer) make more than ten salutes (it is appropriate to put their hands together on their lips or forehead, or worship ghosts if they are too much). Address each other first, especially to the elders, otherwise it will be considered impolite. When you are a guest, you should say "after you" before drinking, smoking or eating to show politeness. Vietnamese people speak very quietly and gently, and rarely shout.

Respect the old and love the young, and be especially polite to the old. In the Jing family in the north, the highest-ranking man is in power. In Nanjing's house, the old lady is in charge, so ask their opinions more. If they agree, others generally don't disagree.

People of all ethnic groups are particularly hospitable. People of all ethnic groups in Vietnam often entertain guests with their favorite wine, meat, vegetables and other foods. Even if it is not delicious, try to eat as much as possible, otherwise it is considered to look down on the host. When the guests leave, the host will also give their own fruits, vegetables and processed food to the guests. If they refuse, there will be misunderstanding. Generally speaking, guests will always accept some and reciprocate accordingly. Ethnic minorities in southern mountainous areas like to invite guests to drink wine with them at festivals, that is, they take turns smoking wine from the altar with their pipes. They can't refuse the first round, otherwise it will be considered disappointing and rude. After the first round, if you don't want to drink, raise your fists to your right shoulder to express your gratitude and stop drinking.

When interacting with Vietnamese, you can send some commemorative gifts, but the value of the gifts should not be too great, otherwise they will be rejected by the other party and suspected of bribery. But it is reasonable to invite Vietnamese friends to dinner.

Religious belief

From the Western Han Dynasty in China in 1 1 BC, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism began to spread to Vietnam from China, which had a great influence on Vietnamese thought. Buddhism introduced from China is Mahayana Buddhism, which is called "Northern Sect" by Vietnamese. In addition, some Vietnamese believe in Hinayana Buddhism, which is called "Nanzong" and was introduced from Thailand and Cambodia. Among the Vietnamese who believe in religion, Buddhism accounts for the largest proportion, among which Mahayana Buddhism accounts for the majority, and there are many temples everywhere. Buddhists avoid killing and talk about karma. On major festivals and personal birthdays, people usually go to Buddhist temples to worship Buddha, present gifts and listen to monks chanting.

Catholicism was introduced into Vietnam for about 500 years. At the beginning of the century, western missionaries began to preach in Vietnam, but they were officially banned. The first two French missionaries who preached in Vietnam were Odrico Badno and Francis Xavier. During the French period, Catholicism gained legal status in Vietnam and developed rapidly. By 1966, there were 1 1 parishes in the north and south of Vietnam, with 3 million Catholics. There are also many Christians in Vietnam, mainly in Hanoi, Haiphong, Hexi, Chengtian, Guangnan, Bolaigu and Pingshun. Christianity, a new sect split from Catholicism, was introduced into Vietnam only for nearly a hundred years, and was called "gospel" in Vietnam. 1893, Christian priest David Rollahan went to Saigon to preach, and then some priests went to Vietnam to preach, but they were forbidden by the French colonial authorities. It was not until 1920 that Christianity gained a firm foothold in Vietnam.

Most of the Jing farmers in Xining, Dieshi and other places in southern Vietnam believe in Buddhism, which is called "Purdue Education in the Third Phase of Avenue" and was founded by Wu Heyu in 1926. This religion combines Buddhism, Catholicism, Christianity, Taoism and Confucianism, and believes in Confucius (humanity), Jiang Taigong (Shinto), Jesus (Holy Way), Laozi (immortal way) and Buddhism (Buddhism and Taoism). Gao Tai believers can worship their ancestors, but they can't provide grass or use paper horses. They should avoid killing, greed, lust and swearing. They burn incense and chant Buddhist scripture at 6: 00, 12, 18 and 24: 00 every day.

In Anjiang, Tongtamei, Hexian, Dongchuan and other places in southern Vietnam, many people joined the Hehao religion. This religion is a variant of Buddhism. Founded by Vietnamese Huang Fuchu on 1939. Because the village where Huang Fuchu lived was called Hehe Village, it got its name, meaning filial piety and friendship. Like Buddhism, this religion also emphasizes compassion. Love, great harmony and karma, believers are mostly farmers, also known as "peasant Buddhism." He Hao teaches monks, but does not build temples. Believers worship Buddha statues twice in the morning and evening, instead of idols and Buddha statues. The offerings are flowers and clear water, flowers represent loyalty, and clear water represents purity.

Gourmet dress

In ancient times, ethnic Vietnamese in Nanjing wore various pullovers and long skirts. In the Middle Ages, civilians wore brown cloth and officials wore blue gowns. /kloc-After the 5th century, rich people usually wear brocade and red robes when attending sacrifices and banquets, officials wear brown or black clothes, officials wear blue clothes, and civilians wear coarse clothes. After the French entered Vietnam, the clothes of civilians began to change greatly, and women put on button tops and trousers. In modern times, men in Vietnamese cities wear suits and women wear narrow oil robes. The robes of Vietnamese women can be said to be the national clothes of Vietnamese women. The upper body is tied around the waist, and the figure is prominent, which makes women look graceful, and the hem is elongated, and it opens to the waist right, which is convenient for activities. Especially when Vietnamese women wear robes, they will wear black or white wide-leg pants to mop the floor. Vietnamese women like to wear necklaces, doorsills and rings, wear long shawls or tie them behind their heads with hairpins.

snack

When traveling to Vietnam, you must try Vietnamese snacks to satisfy your appetite. Usually, hotels where tourists stay usually provide breakfast, but this kind of breakfast is relatively simple. For example, Chinese food is fried powder, while western food is nothing more than fried eggs with bread and butter. These varieties are all available in China and have no freshness. If you really want to taste Vietnamese snacks, glad you came, you still have to go to the food stall, where you can taste authentic Vietnamese snacks. Of course, sometimes you need a little courage and don't be so picky about sanitary conditions.

First, try the snail powder in Hanoi. In the early morning, during work and school hours, on the streets of Hanoi, you can often meet stalls selling snail powder. This stall is actually just two bamboo baskets picked by vendors, with milk, fire, spices, bowls and chopsticks on them, plus a few small benches. When you go to set up a stall, the stall owner (usually a middle-aged woman) will warmly invite you to sit down, then quickly take out a round vermicelli and put it in a boiling pot for ironing. This round vermicelli is slightly thinner than Guilin rice noodles and Yunnan rice noodles. Choose high-quality rice, delicate and elastic, white and transparent, refreshing taste. Soft snails are freshly picked and eaten, picked out with bamboo needles and put into powder, and then added with condiments such as snail farm and pepper. A bowl of 200 taels of snail powder is 2,400 Vietnamese dong, which is about 65,438 yuan +0.6 yuan. It's delicious.

Chicken powder in Hanoi has a long reputation and can be eaten in street stalls in Hanoi. Chicken powder is made of exquisite materials, besides shredded chicken, it is also equipped with shredded pork, shredded egg, shredded fungus, shredded onion and shredded coriander. The shredded egg is uniquely made, spread into thin slices, cut into filaments and sprinkled on flour, which sets off red shredded pork and white shredded chicken, which is particularly appetizing. When eating chicken powder, there are freshly cut lemons on the table. With a slight turn, a few drops of lemon juice fell into the bowl. Chicken powder, which was originally hot and delicious, has a hint of fragrance and tastes more refreshing. A bowl of chicken powder is more than twice as expensive as snail powder, about 5000 guilders, but it is worth a taste.

Along with chicken powder, there is also beef powder in Hanoi. Beef powder in Vietnam must use yellow beef. The rice flour used is slightly thinner than the cut powder in Guangxi, and high-quality rice is selected. The method of beef powder is to cook a large piece of prime beef with various seasonings in a pot and then cut it into thin slices. Blanch the rice noodles in a boiling pot and add beef, beef soup and various seasonings to make them taste unique.

Shrimp cake is also a famous snack in Vietnam. Shrimp cakes are made by wrapping fresh shrimps with seasoned batter and frying them in oil pan. When it comes out of the pot, it smells fragrant and tastes crisp and delicious. There is a restaurant near the West Lake in Hanoi, and its shrimp cakes have a high reputation.

Zongzi is a traditional food in Vietnam. In the past, ordinary Vietnamese families could only eat it during festivals. This kind of meat stuffing jiaozi is not what we thought, it is made entirely of meat. In rural areas, every family should take jiaozi on holidays, especially before the Spring Festival. Add all kinds of spices to the good lean pork, put it in a stone yard and burn it into a paste, then wrap it with banana leaves or lotus leaves and cook it in a hot pot. Cut it into pieces or thin slices before eating, steam it, dip it in fish sauce and pepper, it tastes delicious and not greasy, and it smells fragrant after eating.

Vietnamese enema is also a favorite food for Vietnamese. Its practice is to mix lean meat powder and various coriander with pig red, pour it into pig small intestine and cook it. Cut into pieces and dip in various seasonings before eating.

Fried spring rolls are the most popular dish in Vietnam. In recent years, many restaurants in China have introduced them, but their practices and eating methods are not as good as those in Vietnam. The skin of spring rolls in Vietnam is made of glutinous rice, as thin as cicada wings, white and transparent. Wrap the skin of spring rolls with stuffing made of bean sprouts, vermicelli, shredded squid, shrimp and onion. Fry in the oil pan until crisp and yellow. When eating, wrap the glass lettuce in spring rolls and dip it in seasonings such as fish sauce, sour vinegar and pepper. Crispy but not greasy, very delicious.

Mung bean cake, a traditional Vietnamese pastry, is also a flavor food worth tasting. Vietnam's first-class mung bean cake is produced in the ocean (place name) not far from Haiphong, and Jinlong brand is the best. Vietnam's mung bean cake is made of good mung beans, ground into very fine powder, and then mixed with refined sugar and oil, which tastes soft and sweet. Ocean mung bean cake is beautifully packaged. Bring some bags to relatives and friends when you come back from your trip.

Vegetables are eaten raw. When dining in a Vietnamese restaurant, you may often see Vietnamese people eating all kinds of fresh green vegetables. China people, especially northerners, may be puzzled and afraid to ask. In fact, this way of eating is a traditional way of eating in Vietnam. I am afraid it can also be called a major feature of Vietnamese food culture, which is quite in line with the viewpoint of modern nutrition. Of course, eating green vegetables raw is also particular. These green vegetables mainly include washed spinach, lettuce and mung bean sprouts, as well as various fragrant teas such as Wan Wei and mint. Raw vegetables should be dipped in seasonings, mainly fish sauce, sour vinegar and fresh lemon juice. Vietnam is located in the tropics with a hot climate. Eating green vegetables raw has the effect of promoting fluid production and reducing fire, which is helpful for digestion and nutrient absorption. I have never tried to eat green vegetables raw, so I should say that I can't eat Vietnamese snacks.