What is the traditional festival of Yao nationality called?

With a long history and splendid national culture, there are more than 265,438+034,000 Yao people who are good at singing and dancing, hardworking and brave. Yao nationality has lived in the mountainous areas of Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hainan and other provinces in southern China for generations, and is a typical southern mountainous nationality. There is abundant rainfall, dense forests, rich natural resources, and unique plants, animals, minerals and other resources. For example, Jianghua Yaoshan, known as the "green treasure house", is known as the largest natural plant kingdom in Guangxi and the splendid Dayaoshan, the "hometown of Chinese fir" ...

Yao has its own language, which belongs to the Yao branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, but the situation is more complicated. More than half of the people speak Burmese, which belongs to the Yao branch of Miao language family. Two fifths of the people speak Bunu, which belongs to the branch of Miao language; Some people in Guangxi speak "Lajia" language, which belongs to Zhuang and Dong language family. He is proficient in Chinese and Zhuang language and has no mother tongue. Generally speaking, Chinese is widely used. Oral literature is extremely rich.

Yao people call themselves Mian, Men and People. 63 species, he said there are 390 species, such as Pan Yao, Indigo Yao and Hongtouyao. After People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, it was collectively called Yao.

Limited by the living area, most Yao people still retain the primitive hunting, fishing and farming culture, as well as exquisite Yao brocade and costumes, ancient legends, beautiful Yao songs, beautiful dances, unique marriage customs and religious beliefs. Yao women are good at weaving, dyeing and embroidering, and their clothing patterns are exquisite and diverse. Clan appellation is mostly determined by clothing, such as the headdress supported by wooden boards, which is called Dingpan Yao; Those who wear indigo clothes are called indigo Yao. Yao dialect has complex branches, many dialects, no characters and common Chinese. To commemorate their ancestors, the Yao people designated 10 of the lunar calendar as "Wang Pan Festival". Yao people mainly believe in primitive religions, offering sacrifices to village gods, family gods, mountain gods and wind gods. , but also in life and production activities, divination auspicious day, sacrifice to the gods. Yao's religious beliefs are complex, and witchcraft, Taoism and primitive religion vary from place to place.

Holidays and festivals

Besides the Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, Yao people also have their own unique traditional festivals, such as Wang Pan Festival, Spring Festival Group Worship Festival, Big Slave Festival, Gege Hall and Pawa Festival. Because there are many people in the festival, rice is generally not cooked in an iron pan, but steamed in a wooden steamer, which has a stronger aroma. Every holiday. Yao people still have to do Baba. Holiday dishes are mainly chicken, duck, fish, pork, tofu and vermicelli. In some places, Yao people still cook black rice on April 8. Yao girls in Jiang Shui County, Hunan Province eat flower eggs, make flower cakes and eat flower candy every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month. Boys are not allowed to peek when girls are eating eggs, candy and Baba, and offenders will be punished.

Playing karaoke hall is a large-scale entertainment activity to worship ancestors and celebrate harvest in Liannan Paiyao. Most of them are held after the lunar calendar1October 16, and the duration varies from 3 days to 9 days. At that time, every household will have water, wine and glutinous rice Baba to entertain guests. Yao people usually sacrifice food such as pigs, chickens, ducks, eggs and fish to the gods, and dogs, snakes, cats and frogs are forbidden. When Yao people hold funerals, they all have to cut cattle for sacrifice. The number of cattle cut depends on the family situation, and some kill as many as 7 or 8 heads. In some places, pork and tofu are the main funeral banquets.

Wang Pan Festival of Yao Nationality: October 16th of the lunar calendar is the biggest Wang Pan Festival Song Festival of Yao Nationality. In ancient times, King Ping of Yaoshan fought with King Gao. Comment on the king's reward for recruiting talents and talents. Whoever can take the high king's head will be willing to marry the most beautiful Yincui gorge. Unexpectedly, the next day, a colored dog named Pan Hu actually took Gao Wang's head away. Wang Ping kept his promise and betrothed his beloved Yincui gorge to Qicai Dog, and named it Qicai Dog King. On the wedding night, the dog turned into a tall and strong man, and the princess was overjoyed. Later, the princess gave birth to six men and six women for King Pan, and handed down the twelve surnames of Yao. One day, King Pan went hunting in the mountains and was accidentally touched by an antelope and died. When the children heard the news, they caught the antelope, skinned the sheep and made them into long drums, and danced angrily to avenge their father. In the future, on this day, Yao people will get together to sing and dance in memory of King Pan. Today, "Wang Pan Festival" has gradually developed into a fraternity to celebrate the harvest. Young men and women take this opportunity to express their feelings with songs and find a good partner.

Girl Street: It is a traditional festival of Yao people, and it is held every year after the Spring Festival. In this street period, girls of all ethnic groups put on gorgeous national costumes and flocked to the market from all directions. There is a joyful atmosphere in this festive town. In the square, girls of all ethnic groups form a circle, singing and dancing with the accompaniment of musical instruments. And the top competition is also very eye-catching. The top is made of hardwood. During the competition, the two groups are separated by a certain distance, and the people in each group take turns to hit each other's rotating gyro with their own rotating gyro. After the hit, the hit gyro is still spinning, and the winner wins. In addition, the streets and alleys are filled with colorful silk thread, lace, silverware, jewelry and other commodities and various delicious snacks. Men and women, bustling, crowded with streets. Among the happy people, there are Yao girls dressed in peach blossoms, earrings and bracelets; There are Miao girls wearing big-necked shirts and pleated skirts with three or four necklaces around their necks, Kazak girls wearing black underwear and a big silver ring on their chests, and Yi girls wearing dresses with lace and beautiful patterns and a silver bubble "cockscomb hat". They go together in groups, sell their own agricultural and sideline products in the market, and buy silver ornaments such as lace, colored silk thread, earrings and bracelets in front of the booth. As the sun sets, people in the town disperse one after another, but the fields outside the city are singing beautifully. Pairs of young men and women of all ethnic groups are singing heartily on hillsides, under trees, by streams and by lakes. Singing, piano sound and laughter are intertwined and rippling on the "girl street". There is a unique and interesting activity in the Spring Festival of Yao nationality-"Agricultural Drama". On the first day of New Year's Day, people first gather in the village square to watch "Agricultural Drama". The "agricultural drama" consists of a person dressed as a cow, a person accompanying a farmer carrying a plow, a person dressed as a farmer carrying a hoe, and three people singing and dancing. After watching it, the young men and women indulged in singing and dancing. In the process of singing and dancing, if the girls take a fancy to the right person, they hang their carefully embroidered flower ribbons or silver ornaments on the young man's waist to show their love. In some areas, Yao newlyweds will bring gifts to their father-in-law's house during the Spring Festival, and the bride's house must host a banquet. During the dinner, my father-in-law sang folk songs, wishing the newlyweds hard work, live in harmony and grow old together.

"Bird-catching Festival": On the first day of February every year, it is the "Bird-catching Festival" of the Yao people. Every year, on this day, young men and women in Wuli mountain village in Fiona Fang, rain or shine, put on national costumes with sapphire lining and white edges, put on colorful headscarves, put on embroidered shoes and socks, put up green cloth umbrellas, and gather in groups of three or five. For men and women, or four men and four women, sitting on the green lawn, on the rock head, or snuggling under the tea tree and pine tree, singing love songs, folk songs, word guessing songs and riddle songs sweetly. From sunrise to full moon, if you are thirsty, drink a handful of water; if you are hungry, eat some rakes. The bird forgot to go home, and the singer didn't want to go home. It was not until the night dew soaked the head handkerchief that they saw each other off, and the women saw each other off, the men off, the mountains off, the riders off, and the singers singing a song. They soon entered the Zhaimen, and then they were deeply reluctant to part. On this day, young people are busy catching up with each other and looking for bosom friends; At home, the old people knead glutinous rice made overnight into copper coins, poke them on bamboo branches, and insert them near the altar or the door of the hall, named "bird rake" for neighbors and children to eat. It is said that blackbirds will stick their mouths and shells together when pecking and harrowing, and will never spoil food again. In the evening, people in Gengshan pass through the village to string fire ponds and taste the "bird rakes" of various families, hoping to have a good omen.

Draft reversal festival: October 16 of the lunar calendar is a traditional day for Yao people to celebrate the harvest. At this time, rice, sweet potatoes, corn, millet and other crops have all been harvested, and the Yao people designated this day as the "Draft-reversing Festival". Before this day, whoever plants and harvests is not allowed to cut down and collect indiscriminately, otherwise it will be fined according to rural regulations. After this day, anyone can collect the fruits in the fields under the mountains, and no one can interfere.

Songtang Festival: It is a festival for young Yao men and women to talk about love, sing and courtship. Traditionally, it is held every three to five years. It is usually held on October 16 of the lunar calendar and lasts for three or nine days. Before the festival comes, every household must inform relatives and friends from far and near to visit in advance. On the night of the festival, young men and women sang love songs around the bonfire and expressed their feelings with songs, which lasted for a long time until they stayed up all night. On festivals, people put on new clothes, new headscarves and brocade chicken feathers. The streets and alleys are bustling and lively. At the beginning of the "karaoke room", the ancestral tablets were first carried out from the temple for procession and worship. Accompanied by gongs and drums and waist drum teams, local bronze cannons were set off. When middle-aged and elderly people marched in the streets carrying the statue of Gong Zu, groups of young women and young men gathered in the square, singing to young girls in groups of two or three. Sometimes there are eighty or ninety young people singing. One boy after another, the girls carefully looked at the singing boy and secretly chose the one they liked. Boys also sing heartily to win the hearts of girls. After meeting in karaoke bars during the day, you can sing alone to woo girls at night. During the festival, every family will make 20 to 30 kilograms of glutinous rice cakes to entertain relatives and friends. Each household is also given a number of water wine (about seven pounds) for people to drink at will.