How did Qian Xuesen return to China?

1In August, 935, Qian Xuesen went to the United States to study and study aviation engineering and aerodynamics as a public student. Before returning to China, he was the director of the California Institute of Technology Supersonic Laboratory and the director of the Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Research Center. Qian Xuesen 1935 went to study in the United States. 10 years later, he became a first-class rocket expert at that time. It is famous for its amazing rocket theory that "a rocket with a speed of 10,000 kilometers per hour has become possible". During World War II, Professor Von Carmen of California Institute of Technology and his tutor participated in the research and development of missile nuclear weapons, which was the top secret Manhattan project of the United States at that time. He was one of the few rare talents in the United States.

When the news of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s birth reached the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife, Jiang Ying, could not restrain their inner joy and discussed returning to China to serve the motherland as soon as possible. At this time, the United States, led by McCarthy, conducted a comprehensive investigation on the producers of * * *, and set off a hysterical frenzy in the United States that drove employees to be loyal to the US government. Qian Xuesen's certificate to participate in confidential research was suddenly revoked by the US military department because he was suspected of being a producer of * * * and refused to expose his friends. This made him very angry. Qian Xuesen asked to return to China on this ground. However, Qian Xuesen never imagined that his willingness to return to China turned into a disaster! "He knows all the core secrets of the U.S. missile program," said the U.S. undersecretary of the Navy. One Qian Xuesen is worth five marine divisions. I'd rather shoot this guy than let him go back to Red China! "

Since then, the political persecution of him by the United States has followed. Immigration raided his home and detained him in Temina Island for 65,438+04 days. He was not released until he received a huge bail of $65,438+$5,000 from California Institute of Technology. Later, the customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. They insisted that there were confidential materials in it. In fact, Qian Xuesen had handed them over for inspection before packing them. After reviewing all his materials again, the American prosecutor proved that he was aboveboard.

The news that Qian Xuesen was persecuted in the United States soon spread to China, and New China was shocked! Friends in domestic scientific and technological circles support Qian Xuesen through various channels. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is extremely concerned about Qian Xuesen's situation in the United States, and the China government publicly issued a statement condemning the US government for imprisoning Qian Xuesen against his will.

When Qian Xuesen's request to return to China was unreasonably blocked by the United States, China also detained a group of Americans, including American nationals detained by the China administration in violation of China laws and American soldiers detained by the China administration in violation of China's airspace. The U.S. government is eager to get back these Americans detained by me, but it is unwilling to have direct contact with China.

1954 in April, the United States, Britain, China, the Soviet Union and France held an international conference in Geneva to discuss the settlement of the Korean issue and restore peace in zhina. Zhou Enlai, head of the China delegation attending the meeting, thought that a group of overseas students and scientists in China were detained in the United States, so he instructed that since the Americans asked British diplomats to dredge relations with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new channels of contact.

On June 5th, Wang Bingnan, Secretary-General of the China delegation, held a preliminary discussion with US representative and Deputy Secretary of State Johnson on the nationals of the two countries. The United States submitted to China a list of overseas Chinese and some American soldiers detained by China, asking China to give them a chance to return home. In order to show China's sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to make generous concessions in the third meeting between China and the United States on June 15, and demanded that the United States stop detaining Qian Xuesen and other China students studying in the United States.

However, China's just request was unreasonably rejected by the United States. On July 2 1 day, the Geneva meeting closed. In order not to interrupt communication channels, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan and the United States to hold consular talks in Geneva from July 22nd. To further demonstrate China's sincerity in the Sino-US negotiations, China released four detained American pilots.

China's high-profile attitude is ultimately to let Qian Xuesen and other scientists studying in the United States return to China as soon as possible. But on this key issue, Americans cheated. Despite more than 65,438+00 contacts between China and the United States, American representative Johnson insisted that China could not give the real reason why Qian Xuesen wanted to return to China.

Just as Premier Zhou Enlai was anxious about this, Chen Shutong, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), received a letter from the other side of the ocean. He opened it and signed it "Qian Xuesen". He couldn't help feeling a shock. He finished reading the letter quickly. The content of the letter was originally to ask the motherland government to help him return to China.

This letter was written by Qian Xuesen on a small cigarette paper and sent to his relatives in Belgium at that time, and sent to Vice Chairman Chen Shutong. For such an unusual overseas letter, Chen Shutong knew its weight and gave it to Premier Zhou the same day. "This is really great, and it can completely refute the lies of the US government!" Premier Zhou Enlai immediately made careful arrangements, instructed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to give this letter to Wang Bingnan, who was holding ambassadorial talks between China and the United States, and instructed Wang Bingnan: "This letter is very valuable. This is irrefutable evidence that the American authorities are still preventing China citizens from returning to China. You should use this letter to expose their lies in the negotiations. "

At the beginning of August 1 China-US ambassadorial talks, Wang Bingnan took the lead in saying to Johnson: "Mr. Ambassador, before we start the discussion, I have been ordered to inform you of the following news: On July 3 1 China decided to release1American pilots including Arnold Wei in advance according to China legal procedures, and they have already arrived in. I hope that this measure taken by the China government will have a positive impact on our talks. " When it comes to Qian Xuesen's return to China, Johnson still repeats the same old tune: "There is no evidence that Qian Xuesen will return to China, and the US government cannot force orders!" Therefore, Wang Bingnan flashed Qian Xuesen's letter to Chen Shutong, and confidently retorted: "Since the American government issued an announcement as early as April 1955, allowing scholars studying in the United States to travel freely, why did Dr. Qian Xuesen, a scientist from China, write to the China government for help in June? Obviously, China scholars' demands for returning to China are still blocked. " Johnson was speechless before the facts. The American government had to approve Qian Xuesen's request to return to China. 1On August 4, 955, Qian Xuesen received a notice from the US Immigration Bureau allowing him to return to China.

1955 September 17, Qian Xuesen's dream of returning to China has come true! On this day, Qian Xuesen, with his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, finally boarded the ship "President Cleveland" and embarked on the journey of returning to the motherland.

Thanks to Qian Xuesen's return to China, China's missile and atomic bomb launches were at least 20 years ahead of schedule.