Information on scenery and customs in Inner Mongolia

Mongolian yurt

When the Mongols were looking for a room suitable for their own life, after thousands of years of exploration, they finally made a unique Mongolian yurt out of wood and felt. Mongolian yurts not only stand the test of nature, but also are very suitable for the production and lifestyle of nomadic people.

1. Suitable for the natural environment of Mongolian Plateau:

Mongolians use sheep bellies to describe their felt bags, because this is the shape of Mongolian yurts in the 13th century. The top circle of the yurt is sharp, and the middle is wide and round. The following can be regarded as a "quasi-circular" formal feature, so that sandstorms and snow on the grassland, after being buffered by yurts, form a crescent-shaped gentle slope behind them at an appropriate distance. This is because the yurt has no water chestnut, which is smooth and streamlined. The top of the package is arched and has the strongest bearing capacity (such as the arch of a bridge) to form a solid whole. There's a strong wind. It's very strong. The sand above ran away, and the sand below piled up behind. Strong yurts can withstand the ten winds in winter and spring.

The yurt can also withstand the heavy rain on the grassland, which is due to its morphological structure. In the rainy season, the wooden support of the yurt should be relatively "steep" and covered with a top felt, so it is difficult for rain and snow to invade. The top of the bag is round, so the rain can only flow away from the felt at the top. However, the pressure of yurts will increase in rainy days, and it is very common for yurts to bear the pressure of 2000-3000 kg. The reason why Mongolian yurts can bear such great pressure is because Mongolians know mechanics very well and scaffolding is scientific, so they share the pressure.

Mongolia has been extremely cold since ancient times. However, Mongols have lived in yurts for generations and have never heard of freezing. First, there is fire in the bag, and the dung of cattle and sheep is the best fuel. Secondly, in winter, the felt bag is thickened outside, and a layer of felt is tied inside, which has better windproof performance. Third, you can also warm the kang in the bag. How can it be cold with a leather mattress?

Mongolian yurts are warm in winter and cool in summer. Because it is a sphere, it is white and has good reflective effect. Wind windows can also be opened on the back, and the edge of the felt can be lifted.

2. Adapt to nomadic life:

Mongolian is a nomadic people, engaged in nomadic production, Mongolian yurts came into being, which brought great convenience to the free migration of thousands of miles.

(1) Quick capping

Build a yurt, any season, anywhere. As long as the ground is flat and the surrounding water plants are good. Because yurts are modular houses, and all parts are separated, a woman can build them. Go to a new place, unload it from the car or camel, and when the life is on fire and the tea is cooked, put up the yurt.

(2) easy disassembly

It is several times easier to remove a yurt than to cover it. The rope and the belt are all live knocks, which are easy to untie. As soon as the belt is untied, the felt and the frame will automatically separate. Hana, Wuni and Taonao are all divided into blocks, which can be disassembled and folded after three times, five times and two times. In an emergency, one person can unload it quickly.

(3) convenient loading

The wood of the yurt-Hana, Wuni, Taonao and the door-is separated. The felt on the top and the felt around the outside are single, and any one can be lifted by a woman and put in the car. Mongolian yurts are especially suitable for camel pack and car pack. For thousands of years, a fixed program has been formed, and it has been installed without thinking.

(4) Relocation is light.

Except Tao nao, the scaffolding is made of light wood, so it is easy to move. Mongolian yurts have served the nomadic economy since ancient times, and there is nothing extra except necessary daily necessities. If it's a rich family, just put your things in the car and it's convenient to go anywhere. The average family has two or three humped camels or two or three Lele cars.

Whether grazing or fighting, we all go with our families. Therefore, there is a idiom in Mongolian called "homeland"-Geritirige (family car).

3. Easy to build:

Mongols have been making their own yurts. There are many mountains in the Mongolian plateau, so don't worry about wood. Cut the wool roll felt and you'll have something to hang outside. Cut off the mane and tail of the camel and rub it into ropes and belts. The materials used are all adapted to local conditions and local materials.

All parts of the yurt can be disassembled. Any part that is broken or old can be replaced. The yurt can be extended and contracted. But traditionally, Mongolians don't like shrinking. My son is married and wants to build a new small bag. Expand the felt bag in order to have children in the future. When expanding the felt bag, just change the sleeves and add Wuni and Hana. Mongolian yurts are simple to make and easy to maintain, which makes them still in use today.

4. The eternal sundial:

Mongols calculate the time by observing the sunrise and sunset for a long time and according to the shadow of the sun shining into the yurt. Mongols used sundials for a long time. According to scholars' research, from the Xiongnu era, yurts were built towards the place where the sun rose. The most standard yurt for calculating time should be four hanas (fourteen heads). Sixty UNIs (there are four UNIs on the door), and the door will open to the southeast. This is the original rule. According to the sunshine time, it is divided into the outer circle of pottery brain, black mud head, black mud middle, hanatou, hana middle, quilt table, main cushion, east cushion and bowl leg. According to this time division, one day's affairs can be arranged in an orderly manner. In short, people at home look at the sun shadow from the yurt, while people outside look at the sun shadow shining on themselves, and look at the moon and stars at night.

The calculation time of yurts starts from rabbit (wool) time (now six o'clock) and ends at chicken (especially) time (now eighteen o'clock). So the yurt itself is a sundial. People who live in yurts still live by watching the shadow of the sun.

5. From the inside out:

The yurt is made of felt, so it is easy to know what is going on outside. Especially in the middle of the night, what happened outside, herders know clearly. Nomadic tribes are engaged in animal husbandry economy, especially in the season when sheep don't enter the circle and wolves and eagles run rampant. In the era of war, this role of yurts is more obvious. Compared with the houses of agricultural nationalities, yurts are more suitable for animal husbandry economy and have incomparable advantages over other bedrooms.

6. Auspicious and bright hall:

The yurt gives you a spacious and bright feeling. The yurt is a hemisphere, and the canopy of the yurt is open at the top, so the sun can shine in at sunrise and sunset, so it is always bright.

. The dome of the yurt is open on it, so it is easy for smoke to go out. Taonao is close to the door, and the air is easy to exchange. There will always be bright sunshine in the yurt, and it will always be filled with the healthy and fresh air of nature.

Secondly, after thousands of years of practice, the Mongols have made all the parts of the felt bag with exquisite craftsmanship, which makes it have a unique aesthetic feeling. Seen from a distance, it looks like a white pearl on the grassland. A closer look shows that the pattern on the felt bag is clearer and more beautiful. When making felt bags, Mongols should sew camel hair and ponytails on the edges of the top felt, ceiling and surrounding felt. The snow-white felt is set with a black border, which is clear in black and white and looks very beautiful. Three thick ropes are tightly tied to the felt, and six crossed ropes bind the yurt into a unique shape. In the place where the ceiling is connected with the felt, in order to prevent the wind from pouring in, the felt bag looks more beautiful by making an auspicious pattern with a thong and winding it around the top of the bag. In addition, the bottom of the yurt is made of felt with moire or wood engraved with flowers and plants. The yurt felt is also exquisite, surrounded by various patterns, with auspicious patterns and moire patterns in the middle. The felt door embroidered with yurts is also very beautiful. The felt on the crossbar of the door head or door frame should also be embroidered with various patterns to increase the aesthetic feeling, and the cover on the top of the bag is more beautiful. The outer cover is also called "the top felt with legs". Cover the felt with a cloth and dig out a piece as big as the sleeve. The yurt of the outer cover is also the lotus petals and the clouds in which direction. The shell is red and blue, just like red-violet and violet. A yurt with a cover is more colorful than a normal yurt.

The inside of the bag also has its own unique beauty. Wooden frames of yurts-Hana, Wuni, Taonao, doors, etc. Exquisite workmanship, wooden frame and felt match well. Secondly, the ground is covered with embroidered felt, the edges are inlaid with various colors of wool, and the middle is embroidered with moire and auspicious patterns, which looks very beautiful. The furniture in the third yurt, from the Buddhist shrine to the quilt table, box, closet and bowl rack, are colorful and lifelike figures such as knives and horses, feather flowers and wild deer. Sitting in such a yurt can be said to be a kind of enjoyment.

Mongolian national costume

Clothing is a comprehensive reflection of human material civilization and spiritual civilization. Therefore, it not only meets the needs of people's material life, but also meets people's aesthetic needs. Clothing is one of the main achievements of valuable experience accumulated by human beings in the continuous understanding of the material world, so clothing ranks first among the four elements of human life.

The development of Mongolian costumes is the main symbol reflecting the material civilization and spiritual civilization of Mongolian people in various historical periods. With its unique style and exquisite production technology, Mongolian national costumes have long stood in China and even in the world. Many countries and regions in the world have a strong interest in Mongolian national costumes, and then study and imitate them, and some even take pride in wearing Mongolian national costumes. This fully shows the influence of Mongolian excellent culture and the superb skills of traditional handicrafts.

As we all know, Mongolians are one of the ancient Asian nations that have left deep footprints in history. It once occupied an important position in China's history and had a great influence on world history. Therefore, the origin, formation and evolution of Mongolian national costumes are closely related to Mongolian politics, economy, military affairs, natural environment and living customs.

Mongolian national costume is an inseparable part of Mongolian traditional culture. From ancient times to the Mongol khanate, from the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to the present, with the development of history, the Mongolian people of past dynasties have exerted their intelligence and wisdom in their long-term life and production practice, constantly absorbed the essence of brotherly national costumes, gradually improved and enriched the clothing types, styles, fabric colors and sewing techniques of traditional costumes, and created many exquisite costumes, adding brilliant brilliance to the costume culture of the Chinese nation.

The clothing culture carefully cultivated by the Mongolian people since ancient times still maintains a strong vitality and always shines on the stage of life. Nowadays, with the progress of the times and the improvement of the material and cultural living standards of the Mongolian people, people's demand for their traditional costumes is increasing day by day. In terms of styles, sewing techniques and fabric colors, more and more emphasis is placed on novelty, chic and diversification.

As one of the main symbols of Mongolian material civilization and spiritual civilization, Mongolian national costume has two outstanding historical characteristics, namely its unique style and vitality handed down from generation to generation. Mongolian national costumes have been attached to the Mongolian people for thousands of years, and have continued and developed without interruption. Mongolian national costumes will be more colorful and popular in the future development process, so as to develop national culture. Beautify people's lives, and then play a positive role in cultural exchanges between various ethnic groups at home and abroad.

National etiquette

Hospitality and sincerity are the traditional virtues of the Mongolian people. When you see the guests, shake hands and say hello: "Tassanu!" (hello). After the guest enters the yurt, the housewife presents the fragrant milk tea to the guest. Synchronous pendulum

The living environment of Oroqen nationality

The traditional house of Oroqen nationality is "Xie Renzhu". This is a conical shelf composed of more than 30 wooden poles. In summer, birch bark or reeds are used as mulch, and in winter, sixty or seventy pieces of bark are used to build "inclined columns". Hang wicker curtain on the door in summer and deer skin or deer skin curtain in winter. Before "Xie Renzhu", tree trunks and wicker were used to build a clothes rack to dry dried meat or wild vegetables. Birch boxes are hung on the small trees at the back, where gods are enshrined. "Xie Renzhu" inside, the bed is a bunk, the bed is hay, and the top is a mattress made of suede. The front berth across the hall is called "Ma Lu", which is the location for guests and elderly men. The left and right bunks are called "Oulu" and are seats for middle-aged couples and young couples. The center of "Xie Renzhu" is a perennial fire pit. There are four or five birch boxes hanging above the center of Ma Lu, which are places where "Brucan" (the idol) is worshipped. On the right side of Ma Lu, "Zhao Lu Brucan" (the horse god) embroidered with ponytails is worshipped. On the side where the young couple live, there is a crossbar on the top of "Xie Renzhu" to hang the baby's cradle.

Life customs of Ewenki nationality

Due to the different production conditions in different places, Ewenki people have formed different styles in food customs. Animal meat is the staple food in hunting areas, and the cooking methods are boiling and roasting. The main foods are broth, rice porridge and dried meat. And white flour.

The religious belief of Oroqen nationality

Shamanism that Oroqen people believe in comes from fishing and hunting, and from the social relationship between * * * and labor and equal distribution. The shamanism of Oroqen nationality has no systematic teachings and written classics, and there is no specific religious founder. Shamanism plays a special role in preserving and inheriting national cultural heritage. The music and dance of shaman jumping into the gods has a great rhythm in ancient times; Shaman's oral and heartfelt congratulations, including the origin of the nation, the formation of the clan, and the struggle between heroes and demons, have become important oral classics that completely preserve traditional culture.

Nature worship. In the concept of the Oroqen people, everything in nature, such as mountains, rivers, trees, wind and rain, thunder and lightning, the moon, the stars, the birth and death of human beings, hunting luck and so on. , is dominated by the gods. In order to get the blessing of the gods, they prayed and sacrificed to the gods. For example, on the first day of the first month of each year, we worship the sun god Deleqin, the moon god Beya on August 15th, the mountain god Bainaqia when hunting in the mountains, and the Vulcan "Toobrukan" during New Year's greetings and dinners. There are many kinds of natural gods that Oroqen people believe in. The most important ones are the Big Dipper goddess "Oren Brucan", Fengshen, Raytheon, Horse God and Grass God.

Totem worship. As a hunting nation, the Oroqen people are very afraid of large fierce animals such as bears, tigers and wolves, and they are also very careful with them. According to some movements and characteristics of bears, Oroqen people think that bears are related to people. According to legend, an Oroqen woman got lost in the deep mountains, wandered in the deep forests for a long time and became a bear. Therefore, the bear has become a typical totem worship of the Oroqen people.

Object. Usually, you can't call them by their first names, but you should call them "Amaha" (uncle), "Yaya" (grandfather) and "Otriken" (father) as you call your elders. The hunter who hit the bear didn't say he hit it, but said, "Have pity on me".

Ancestor worship. The emergence of the concept of soul and afterlife has led to the worship of ancestors. The Oroqen people call the ancestor God "Gillian as cloth as sugar", and the Oroqen people believe that the soul still exists even if the human body dies. After death, restless souls often come into the world to disturb the lives of relatives and friends, so it is necessary to mourn the dead. A grand funeral is a ceremony to mourn and settle the dead.

Jesus Christ. There are three kinds of gods in Oroqen nationality. One is the direct worship of specific natural objects, such as the sun god, Beidou god, Phoenix god, lightning god and so on. One is used to draw gods. Draw the idol on cloth or leather, or sew it on cloth or leather with the mane of ponytail and the mane of other animals. This idol is called "Bu Rukan". One is a woodcut idol called

"Mao Mu Sticker" is the shape of people and animals carved by pine or poplar, usually placed in a birch bark box and hung on the tree behind the "thank-you column".

National Etiquette in Inner Mongolia

Hospitality and sincerity are the traditional virtues of the Mongolian people. When you see the guests, shake hands and say hello: "Tassanu!" (hello). After the guest enters the yurt, the housewife presents the fragrant milk tea to the guest. Synchronous pendulum

Provide butter, milk skin, milk tofu, cheese, fried rice and other foods for guests to eat. Guests need to stay overnight. Dinner is meat, wine, noodles or Mongolian buns. When the guests said goodbye, the whole family went out of the yurt to see them off. I wish the guests a safe journey and welcome to come again. Nowadays, agricultural areas are generally the same as Han people, frying all kinds of dishes and adding wine to entertain guests.

Offering Hada is a traditional Mongolian etiquette. Hada is a kind of etiquette supplies. Hada is needed for worshipping Buddha, offering sacrifices, weddings, New Year greetings, and respecting the old and loving the young. Hada is made of silk, usually white, light blue and yellow. It is usually about five feet in length and varies in width. Some are embroidered with folk patterns such as "Yunlin" and "Eight Treasures". When giving Hada to the elders, the giver leans forward slightly, hands above his head, Hada is folded in half, and the seam faces the elders; For peers, extend your hands to each other; For junior students, Hada is usually worn around their necks. Sacrificing snuff bottles is a daily gift for Mongolian herders. Snuff bottles are made of jade, ivory, crystal, agate, jadeite, amber and ceramics. When the younger generation sees the elder, the younger generation bows and presents the snuff bottle to the elder with both hands. The elder picks it up with his left hand and returns it after smelling it. When the companions meet, they exchange snuff bottles with their right hands, and both parties will return them after smelling them.

Taboo etiquette fire taboo, Mongolians worship fire, thinking that Vulcan or Kitchen God is a sacred object to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, after people enter Mongolian yurts, it is forbidden to roast their feet on the stove or wet their boots and shoes by the stove. It is not allowed to cross and push the stove, knock on the cigarette bag, throw things or throw dirty things on the stove. You can't pick a fire with a knife, you can't insert a knife into the fire, and you can't take meat from the pot with a knife. Avoiding stepping on the threshold is one of Mongolian taboos. Go to the herdsmen's house, go in and out of the yurts, and never step on the threshold. Mongolians in agricultural areas, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas also have this taboo. In ancient times, if someone mistakenly stepped on the threshold of Mongolian Khan's official account, they would be put to death. This taboo custom continues to this day. Water taboo is also one of Mongolian taboos. Mongolians believe that water is a pure god. Don't wash your hands and bathe in the river, don't wash women's dirty clothes, and don't throw stolen goods into the river. This is because the grassland is dry and short of water, and herders rely on water plants to graze. They can't live without water. Therefore, herders are used to saving water, paying attention to keeping water clean and taking water as the source of life. Don't touch your head, don't let others beat your dog, and don't let outsiders visit your delivery room. No-no, when there are people who are seriously ill or dying at home, herders usually hang a rope on the left side of the yurt and bury one end of the rope on the east side, indicating that there are serious patients at home and they don't entertain guests. White Festival, called Chagansari (Bai Yue, the first month) in Mongolian, means New Year and Spring Festival. Ancient Mongols regarded white as a pure and auspicious color, so they called the Spring Festival White Festival. The white festival is on the first day of the first month. Celebrating white festivals is a custom passed down from ancient times. When Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan was in power, he attached great importance to white festivals. On the 30 th night of the twelfth lunar month, the whole family put on holiday costumes and got together for the New Year, staying up all night. Usually, the whole family, old and young, burn incense and worship Buddha first, and then the younger generation presents Hada or kowtows, toasts and worships Buddha to their elders. In the early morning of the first day, family and friends began to pay New Year greetings to each other, and it didn't end until the 15th or the end of the month. Burning fire is one of the oldest sacrificial activities of Mongolian people. The Vulcan and the Kitchen God. Ordinary farmers and herdsmen generally offer fire sacrifices on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month. The noble and Taj Mahal are on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month. In some places, fire is sacrificed in autumn and at weddings.

Sacrificing Aobao is Mongolian, which means making a pile or drum. Sacrificing Aobao is one of the grand activities of Mongolian people. Aobao is generally located in the mountains or hills, and it is a cone-shaped solid tower made of stone. A long pole is inserted at the top, with animal hair horns and prayer flags at the head, and there are cushion stones burning cedar incense in all directions. There are also branches planted next to Aobao, which are used to make whole sheep, koumiss, butter and cheese. When offering sacrifices, in ancient times, shaman wizards beat gongs and drums, recited spells, worshipped and prayed; In modern times, lamas burn incense and make fires, chanting scriptures and chanting scriptures. Herdsmen all surrounded Aobao and made three turns from left to right, praying for God's blessing. With the development of society, the progress of science and the renewal of herdsmen's concept, today's Aobao has changed in content and form. Mongols also have the custom of offering sacrifices to the West (meaning making sacred trees). Usually under a lonely sacred tree, the branches are decorated with colorful flowers and strips of cloth. An old man in disguise, Shangxi, sat cross-legged under the sacred tree. Men, women and children gathered together to worship Shangxi, and several priests were selected to hold Hada, wine and milk for the old man. After the ceremony, traditional cultural and sports activities loved by the Mongolian people were carried out.

Sacrifice to Genghis Khan Mausoleum is the most grand and solemn sacrifice activity of Mongolian people, which is called "Sacrificing Mausoleum" for short. Genghis Khan is a national hero revered by the Mongolian people. /kloc-At the beginning of the third century, the Mongolian ministries were unified, and the Mongolian khanate across Europe and Asia was established, which shocked the world and became a "generation of pride". The custom of offering sacrifices to Genghis Khan by Mongols first began in Wokuotai era, and it was not officially promulgated until Kublai Khan era, which stipulated various sacrifices to Genghis Khan and improved it day by day. Today, Genghis Khan Festival in Ejinhoro Banner of Ordos is a ceremony that follows ancient legends. Sacrificial ceremonies are generally divided into Japanese sacrifices, monthly sacrifices and seasonal sacrifices, all of which have fixed dates. Sacrifices are complete, all for whole sheep, holy wine and all kinds of milk food, and a grand memorial ceremony is held. Every year, March 21st of the lunar calendar is the Spring Festival, which is the largest and most grand. Representatives of various leagues or individuals sent representatives to Fuling, Ejinhoro Banner to offer sacrifices. Genghis Khan's military flag or emblem "Suludin Sacrifice" is one of the most precious ancient cultural relics of Mongolian people, and it is treasured in Genghis Khan Cemetery in Ordos Plateau. Suludin is the invincible flag of Genghis Khan's expedition, and it is also the mascot when nothing happens. Every year on March 17 of the lunar calendar, the Mongolians hold a grand ceremony of offering sacrifices to Suludin. In the sacrificial ceremony, the whole sheep were placed on the sacrificial table, and there were offerings such as koumiss and milk food. The Mongolian people who participated in the sacrifice came in an endless stream, each of them bowed down to Suluddin with sacrifices to express their admiration for Khan in Chenggu Temple and to remember Genghis Khan's great achievements.

Ordos folk custom

Mongolians greet distinguished guests, having weddings, funerals and celebrations, and offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors. The most solemn ceremony is to put five teas. Mongols think: "Without feathers, no matter how big the wings are, they can't fly;" No manners, no matter how beautiful, are laughed at. "

Five teas mean: offering Hada, drinking milk tea, tasting fresh milk, putting sheep on the back and drinking wine.

Present Hada:

When the host greets the guests, when the younger generation meets the elders, they should present Hada to show their high respect and cordial greetings to the guests or elders. When the host had Hada in his hand, he bent down.

It raised its head, respectfully handed it to the guest, then knelt down and kowtowed devoutly. After receiving Hada, the guests thanked him and respectfully returned Hada to the host, who was very rich.

Kowtow to the guests politely. It is said that when Genghis Khan was alive, he often used Hada as a link and made many friends, which played an important role in consolidating the political power.

Hada is made of cloth and silk. There are white, blue and yellow, but most of them are white.

Drink milk tea:

Invite guests into the yurt. The host first put Huang Chengcheng ghee, coral cheese, cake-like thick milk skin, fried rice, brown sugar and deep frying on a small red table.

Food. Then, he took a small bowl with exquisite porcelain and gorgeous patterns, scooped a small spoonful of fried rice with a wooden spoon, and made hot and delicious milk tea for the guests to drink. Mongolians use brick tea,

Milk tea boiled with milk or goat's milk and salt is salty and delicious, and people who taste it for the first time will be very satisfied. Taste fresh milk:

It is essential to taste fresh milk. The host pours the white fresh milk into the silver bowl, and after handing it to the guest with both hands, the guest puts the ring finger of his right hand into the silver bowl and dips it three times. first time

Bounce to the sky and thank the sky; The second time, it bounced to the ground, showing respect for God and offering sacrifices to the stove. The third time, I tasted it myself. Tasting fresh milk expresses the Mongolian people's good wishes for peace and bumper harvest in animal husbandry.

National Taboos in Inner Mongolia

Fire taboo

Mongols worship fire, Vulcan and Kitchen God, and think that fire, Vulcan or Kitchen God are sacred objects to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, after entering the yurt, it is forbidden to roast your feet on the stove, let alone wet your boots and shoes by the stove. Don't cross the stove, or pedal the stove, don't knock on the cigarette bag, throw things or throw dirty things on the stove. You can't pick a fire with a knife, you can't insert a knife into the fire, and you can't take meat from the pot with a knife.

Water taboo

Mongolians believe that water is a pure god. Don't wash your hands and bathe in the river, don't wash women's dirty clothes, and don't throw unclean things into the river. Grassland is dry and short of water, grazing by aquatic plants, and it can't survive without water. Therefore, herders are used to saving water, paying attention to keeping water clean and taking water as the source of life.

Disease taboo

When herdsmen have serious or critical patients at home, they usually hang a rope on the left side of the yurt and bury one end of the rope on the east side, indicating that there are serious patients at home and they don't entertain guests.

obstacle

Taboos of Mongolian women when giving birth to children. Customs are similar everywhere. Mongolian women are not allowed to enter the delivery room when giving birth. Generally, an obvious sign should be hung under the eaves. Boys hang bows and arrows, girls hang red stripes. Guests will not enter the delivery room when they see the sign.

Avoid stepping on the threshold

Go to the herdsmen's house, go in and out of the yurts, and never step on the threshold. Mongolian people in agriculture and semi-pastoral areas also have this taboo. In ancient times, if someone stepped on the threshold of the Khan Palace account in Mongolia by mistake, they would be executed. This taboo custom continues to this day.

Avoid touching your head.

Mongolians are afraid of strangers touching children's heads. The old idea is that the hands of strangers are not clean, and it is not good for the healthy development of children to shape their heads.

Avoid hitting dogs.

When visiting a herdsman's house, you should bridle your horse, walk slowly near the yurt, wait for the owner to come out of the bag to meet you, and then dismount after seeing the dog, so as not to let the dog pounce on you and bite you. Never beat or scold a dog or break into a yurt.

Be a taboo for guests

Although herdsmen are very hospitable, there are many taboos in visiting. When guests enter the yurt, they should pay attention to the overall dress, and don't tuck their skirts on their belts with sleeves. Don't go in with a whip, but put the whip on the right side of the yurt door and stand upright. After entering the yurt, avoid sitting in front of the niche. Otherwise, the host will treat the guests coldly, thinking that the guests don't understand the customs and don't respect the national customs.

Camel race

Camels are called "ships in the desert" and have a special position in the economic life and military actions of the ancient Mongolian people. It is honored as the "king of beasts" by herdsmen who mainly graze camels on the grassland.