Treaty of shimonoseki China delegation

The Chinese plenipotentiaries are Li Hongzhang and Li Fangjing.

China participated in the negotiations:

First-class plenipotentiaries Li Hongzhang, Li (Li Hongzhang's adopted son), Luo, Wu, Ma Jianzhong, Lu Yongming and Luo Gengling are translators.

Treaty of shimonoseki was a treaty signed by the Qing Empire and Japan in Chijianguan City (now Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture) on April 1895 (March 23rd, 21st year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty, and 28th year of Meiji reign of Japan). Formerly known as the New Testament of Shimonoseki, also known as the Peace Treaty with Japan, Japan called treaty of shimonoseki or treaty of shimonoseki. The Chinese representatives are Li Hongzhang, the first-class plenipotentiary imperial envoy, and Li, the plenipotentiary imperial envoy. The Japanese side is represented by Prime Minister Ito Bowen and Foreign Minister Luo Zongguang. The signing of this treaty marked the end of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and led to China ceding Taiwan Province Province to Japan, which led to Japan's occupation of Taiwan Province for 50 years. The Chinese version of the Treaty was originally stored in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and the Japanese version was originally stored in the Tokyo National Public Library (Japan: National Public Library).

1894, the East Learning Party incident occurred in the Korean dynasty. At the request of North Korea, the Qing Dynasty sent troops to the Korean Peninsula, and informed Japan of relevant actions according to the Tianjin Treaty between China and Japan. After the incident subsided, the Japanese army refused to withdraw its troops, and then raided the Qing army stationed in North Korea. The Qing court was forced to declare war on Japan. Because that year was the Sino-Japanese War, it was also called the Sino-Japanese War. Later, the Qing army was defeated, and the Qing court made peace with Japan.

1894165438+1October 26th, that is, shortly after the Japanese Second Army led by General ōyama Iwao landed in Jiuliancheng Scenic Resort Scenic Area of Liaodong Peninsula, Li Hongzhang sent Detering from Tianjin Customs and Taxation Department to Kobe, trying to meet with Japanese Prime Minister Ito Bowen for peace talks, but it was rejected. On June 65438+1October 3 1 the following year, two plenipotentiary ambassadors of the Qing Dynasty, Prime Minister Yamen Minister Zhang and Hunan Governor Shao Youlian, arrived at the Japanese base camp in Hiroshima and held talks with Prime Minister Ito Bowen and Foreign Minister Luo Zongguang. The next day, the Japanese side interrupted the negotiations on the grounds that the credentials of the Qing government were not perfect.

1March 895 19 Li Hongzhang arrived at Shimonoseki Port (now Shimonoseki Port) on the German merchant ship "Yi", and then held peace talks with Japanese plenipotentiary Ito Bowen at Chunfan Building, the famous puffer fish hall in Maguan.

On March 20th, both parties reviewed and confirmed the power of attorney and short question and answer.

Armistice talks began on March 2 1.

On March 24th, Li Hongzhang was on his way to Chunfan Building in a sedan chair. He was shot in the left face by the assassin Nobuhiro Yamashita, and his robe was stained with blood. He fainted on the spot. At that time, the scene was in chaos, pedestrians fled everywhere, and the murderer fled in the crowd and hid in a shop on the side of the road. The accompanying doctor immediately gave first aid to Li Hongzhang. Fortunately, the bullet missed the key, and Li Hongzhang recovered quickly.

On March 28th, Ito Bowen was worried about the accusations of international public opinion. At the same time, he was afraid that Li Hongzhang would return to China, and the Sino-Japanese peace talks would freeze, leading to forced mediation or interference by Russia, Austria, Germany, Britain, the United States, France and other powers. It was on this day that he told Li Hongzhang that Japan was willing to cease fire, and then he negotiated and completed the armistice negotiations.

An armistice agreement was signed on March 30th.

On April 1 day, the talks and negotiations began. In the first round of talks and negotiations, the Japanese side put forward the draft of the Japanese-Qing peace treaty, which mainly required

Confirmed that North Korea independently compensated Japan for its military expenditure of 32,000 kuping silver in the Qing Dynasty; Permanent cession of Taiwan Province Island, Penghu Islands and Penghu Islands attached to Taiwan Province, and Liaodong Peninsula south of 465438 0 degrees north latitude; Open seven trading ports of Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Shuntian, Xiangtan and Wuzhou to Japan; Scope of inland navigation rights such as Yangtze River, Xijiang River, Wusong River and Canal; The location of the Japanese garrison and the required military expenditure. During the meeting and negotiation in April 17, after many meetings and negotiations and written coordination between the two sides, the Japanese side lowered its requirements and reduced the compensation from Kuping to 220 million silver. Reduce the ceded area of Liaodong Peninsula (from the line of 4 1 degree north latitude to the line of Yalu estuary-Anping estuary-Fengcheng-Haicheng-Yingkou-Liaohekou); Subtract the three trading ports of Shuntian, Xiangtan and Wuzhou ... and so on. 1895 (the 28th year of Meiji) On April 23rd, Guangxu 2 1 year, at 0: 40am local time in Japan, the authorized representatives of China and Japan signed the Nissin Peace Treaty, namely the treaty of shimonoseki, on the second floor of Chunfan Building.

After signing the treaty of shimonoseki, Li Hongzhang sighed with emotion: "Japan will eventually become a disaster!" When Li Hongzhang went to Japan for negotiations, the Japanese side knew all about the relationship between Guangxu and Li Hongzhang, and knew all about the bottom line that Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu ordered Li Hongzhang to pay 22,000 silver. Therefore, they refused to make concessions in the negotiations and finally gained the greatest benefit.

It is said that Li Hongzhang once advised Empress Dowager Cixi or Emperor Guangxu that "Taiwan's birds are silent and flowers are not fragrant, and it is not a pity to cede them", or that "Taiwan's birds are silent and flowers are not fragrant, and men are heartless and women are heartless, and the land of boils can be cut". However, related research and commentators pointed out that according to all the visible historical archives at present, there is no record of Li Hongzhang's comment. On the contrary, when negotiating treaty of shimonoseki with Japanese Prime Minister Ito Bowen at that time, Li Hongzhang declared that "Taiwan Province Province has been established and cannot be granted to other countries", and that "if China is so doomed, the enemies of Yong Cheng and the descendants of the two countries will spread to infinity" and so on.

The Japanese Treaty also declared that China was ruled by the Qing Empire at that time.

Article 1: China recognizes North Korea as an independent country, and its tribute, offering and gift to China will be abolished forever. Article 2: battlements, arsenals and state-owned property in the following places shall be permanently transferred to Japan. First, Liaodong Peninsula. Two, the whole island of Taiwan Province Province and all affiliated islands. 3. Penghu Islands, that is, the islands between east longitude 190 ~ 120 degrees and north latitude 23 ~ 24 degrees in Green, England. Article 3: Officials of the two countries shall jointly demarcate the border of Liaodong Peninsula according to the map attached to this agreement. Article 4: China shall compensate Japan for 200 million taels of silver (about 300 million yen). Article 5: Residents of the ceded land may be allowed to move out of the territory and sell their assets, but two years after the ratification of the treaty, the residents of this land shall be regarded as Japanese subjects as appropriate. Article 6: China opens ports such as Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou, and recognizes Japanese MFN treatment. The Japanese were allowed to set up consulates and factories in China's trading ports and import all kinds of machines. Article 7: Japan shall withdraw its troops from the territory of China within three months. Article 8: China acknowledges that the Japanese occupation of Ahava for three years will not be returned until China has paid the compensation. If the expenses are not paid in full, the Japanese army will not withdraw, and the military expenses of the Japanese army will be borne by China. Article 9: China shall not mistreat and punish Japanese prisoners, nor shall it punish the people of China who assist the Japanese. Article 10: The fighting shall be stopped from the date of ratification of the Treaty. Article 11: The Treaty was ratified by China and Japan and came into force on May 8th, the 28th year of Meiji in Japan (1895) and April 14th, the 21st year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty.