China celebrity story

Zhan Tianyou, the Father of Chinese Railways (1861-1919)

Zhan Tianyou (1861-1919) is a native of Wuyuan, Jiangxi. China's outstanding patriotic engineer and railway engineering expert. He likes studying since he was a child.

At the age of twelve, he was selected by the Qing government as the first group of young children to study in the United States. After graduating from primary school and middle school, he was admitted to the Civil Engineering Department of Yale University to study railway engineering, and graduated from the university at the age of 2/kloc-0 with a bachelor's degree. After returning home, he was sent to be a soldier's pilot. He took part in the Sino-French Mawei naval battle and fought bravely against the French invaders. In the twelfth year of Guangxu, he worked as a foreign language teacher and charting in the erudite museum.

In the 14th year of Guangxu, he served as an engineer of China Railway Corporation and was elected as a member of British Engineering Research Association. Since then, he has successively served as the railway engineer of Jinyu, Jinzhou and Pingyi, the chief engineer of Xinyi Railway, the general manager and chief engineer of Jingzhang Railway, and the chief engineer of Luotong Railway Consultant. Xuan Tongyuan, a scholar in engineering, was appointed as the examiner of foreign students, consultant of the postal department and consultant of the department, and was sent to Yichang as the chief engineer of Shangchuan Railway. In the first year of the Republic of China, he served as the office of Guangdong-Han Railway Association and was elected as the president of China Institution of Engineers. In the third year of the Republic of China, he was appointed as Guangdong Hanchuan Road Supervisor, and President Sun Yat-sen promoted him to Dr. Shao Qing, appointed as the Minister of Communications, and awarded the second-class Baoguang Golden Harvest Chapter. In the eighth year of the Republic of China, he was sent to Harbin by the Beiyang warlord government to serve as the representative of the Far East Railway Conference supervised by the Allies and the Chinese representative of the Conference Technology Department.

On April/0/5, 2008, he returned to Wuhan due to illness and died on the 24th at the age of 59. Zhan Tianyou's life has made outstanding contributions to the railway industry in China.

Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer and railway engineering expert in China. He likes studying since he was a child. Zhan Tianyou's life has made outstanding contributions to the railway industry in China. We are sincerely proud of having such patriotic engineers and railway engineering experts in our country. Zhan Tianyou is an example for us to learn from. We believe that today, we should study hard so that we can make contributions to our motherland like Zhan Tianyou in the future.

Today, carpenters use hand tools such as saws, drills, planers, shovels and rulers. Mo Dou is said to have been invented by Lu Ban. And the invention of every tool was developed by Lu Ban through repeated experiments in production practice.

Take the invention of the saw as an example. On one occasion, the king ordered Luban to cut down 300 beams and columns in fifteen days to build a big palace. So, Lu Ban took his disciples up the mountain. They got up early and were greedy for the dark, wielding axes and chopping for ten days in a row. They were exhausted one by one, and only one hundred big trees were cut down.

At this time, all the bricks and stones are ready, and the auspicious day chosen by the king is about to expire. If the wood is not properly prepared during construction, it will be put to death. What shall we do? At night, Ruban tossed and turned in bed and couldn't sleep. He got up and walked towards the mountain with a deep foot and a shallow foot. Looking up, the seven stars blinked at him, and it was almost dawn.

Suddenly, Luban felt that his hand was cut by something. When he raised his hand, he saw a hole in his calloused hand, oozing blood beads. He looked around carefully, and it turned out to be thatched grass. Ruban was surprised. He picked up a blade of grass and found many sharp teeth on its edge. Turning around, he saw a big locust with two big ears eating grass quickly. Luban caught a locust, and when he saw it, its teeth grew well. Look at the leaves of silk grass and the big die of locust, and his heart will be suddenly enlightened.

He made a bamboo out of Phyllostachys pubescens, which was carved with many serrations like silk grass leaves and locusts. Pull the tree with it, only a few times, the bark will be broken, and once again, there will be a deep ditch on the trunk. But after a long time, the sawtooth on the bamboo piece is either pure or broken. At this time, Lu Ban thought of iron. He ran down the mountain and asked the blacksmith to make a serrated iron bar based on the bamboo pieces he made, which was used to pull the tree. Really fast!

This iron bar is the prototype of a saw. With it, Luban and his disciples cut down 300 beams and columns in 13 days.

Luban is a carpenter and works with wood all day. He is very skilled, especially good at cutting wood into the required shape with an axe. The sentence "Teach people to play with an axe" means that anyone who wants to play with an axe in front of Lu Ban is overreaching. This shows Lu Ban's proficiency in using an axe.

However, it is impossible for Lu Ban to cut the wood smoothly with an axe, especially when it comes to wood with thick grain and many scars. In order to solve this problem, Lu Ban pondered during the day and thought at night. First, he made a thin axe, which was quickly sharpened. Much better than before, but still not ideal.

So, Luban ground a small and thin axe, covered with a piece of iron, leaving only a narrow blade. This time, Luban won't cut it. He pushed the wood with this narrow blade. Push, the wood pushed down a thin layer of sawdust. After a dozen pushes, the surface of the wood is flat and smooth, which is much better than that cut with an axe in the past. But when this thing is pushed in your hand, it is both stuck and invalid. Lu Ban made another wooden pedestal and put it in. So the plane was born.

When Lu Ban was a carpenter, he often met right angles. Although he has a rectangular moment in his hand, it is still very troublesome to use. After improvement, Luban made an L-shaped wooden ruler, measuring at right angles, which is convenient! Later people called it Lubanchi. Because Lu Ban has made such a great contribution to the improvement of woodworking tools, carpenters have regarded him as the founder for more than two thousand years.

During his stay in Beishan Primary School, Deng Xiaoping had another experience of "stealing money". One day on my way to school, I found a classmate crying sadly. He asked why. It turned out that this classmate's sister was seriously ill at home, and her family was very poor and had no money to treat her. What shall we do? Xiaoping returned to his ideal home. The next morning, he couldn't wait to give the classmate five silver dollars and told him to take it to treat his sister quickly.

The money could have bought 500 Jin of rice, which Deng Xiaoping stole from his father. In fact, Deng Xiaoping's family is not particularly well-off at this time, and her mother weaves and raises silkworms at home. Soon, Deng Shaochang found that he had lost his money and angrily called the whole family together to ask questions. Knowing that Xiaoping did it, Deng Shaochang picked up a bamboo and fought angrily. Later, after knowing the reason why her son took the money, the mother held her son in her arms with distress.

Everyone must know that the victory of the Red Army depends on people and peace. If everyone in the Red Army wants to contribute to the * * * production party in the battle, then in the life of the Anti-Japanese War, they are also thinking of the public everywhere. Zhu De's pole is a good example.

Jinggangshan "has a population of less than 2,000 and a grain output of less than 10,000 tons". There is very little food, only enough for the people themselves. If the troops want to eat and store food, they have to go to the foot of the mountain to pick it. Therefore, in those days when the Red Army soldiers struggled in Jinggangshan, "picking the valley and going to the depression" became a regular work of the army.

From Jinggangshan to Ninggang Mao Ping at the foot of the mountain, there are five or six miles up and down. The mountain is high and the road is steep, so it is really difficult to walk. Especially the road from Taoliao to Huang Yangjie, even if you walk empty-handed, you are too tired, and you can't carry the burden on your shoulders. So every time I deliver food, I always get up early and go back to the mountains in the dark. At that time, Zhu was over forty years old, but he always went to transport food with everyone, and he was full every time. Everyone saw that Zhu Jun was planning a big war at night and taking part in labor during the day, so they advised him not to pick food for fear of exhausting him. Zhu said humorously, "I sometimes eat and pick!" Eating only and not being picky about food, isn't that the exploiting class? "

What shall we do? A Red Army came up with a "clever plan". One day, the team will go to Mao Ping to be picky eaters. Everyone got up before dawn. After dinner, some of them set out with a laundry list, some carried sacks, and some carried sacks. Zhu Jian was also ready to leave, so he went to get the shoulder pole in the corner. Strange? The pole suddenly disappeared and I can't find it.

Where is Zhu's pole? It turned out that the Red Army soldiers deliberately hid the pole so that Zhu could rest at home. Who knows that everyone has just set foot on it, and Zhu He is carrying a laundry list and sweating. When he sat down to have a rest, people found that Zhu had cut another new pole. A few days later, the pole disappeared again, and Zhu He cut a new pole. And in the middle of the pole, there are five Chinese characters "The Pole of Zhu De".

Since then, no one has ever "stolen" Zhu's pole.

Zhu's spirit of sharing weal and woe with the soldiers and his exemplary action of setting an example have deeply educated everyone. Not long after, a Red Army soldier also wrote a ballad: "Zhu De picked grain and went to the depression, and the grain was absolutely reliable. Together with Qi Xin, we smashed the enemy's encirclement and suppression. " Whenever picky eaters are tired of climbing mountains, Red Army soldiers use this ballad to encourage each other. Zhu De's spirit of sharing weal and woe with the soldiers and his exemplary action by setting an example inspired the Red Army soldiers to overcome difficulties and defeat the enemy.

When Lu Xun was a child, he often lived with his mother at his grandmother's house in Anqiaotou, Shaoxing, and later at his uncle's house in Huangfuzhuang. Anqiaotou and Huangfuzhuang are both in the water town outside Chang 'an Gate in Shaoxing, and the wide and narrow rivers flow quietly through the village. Lu Xun likes to go to the countryside. He regards it as a free world, a brand-new world. Because here, you can not only avoid reading the profound Four Books and Five Classics, but also live freely with farmers' children, boating, catching fish and shrimps on the cobweb-covered river, enjoying the night view of the water with a little fishing fire, or going to the shore to put geese, herd cattle and pick arhat beans and breathe fresh air ... Whenever there is a social drama in the village, Lu Xun and Mix.

Sometimes, he also learns acting and plays imp with the children of farmers. They drew some colorful pictures on their faces, jumped onto the stage with steel forks in their hands and played happily. The countryside was very attractive to Lu Xun as a teenager. In this free world, Lu Xun not only learned a lot of social knowledge and production knowledge, but also established a deep friendship with the children of peasant families, gradually understood the industrious and simple character of peasants, and also saw the bloody facts of oppression and class exploitation in the old society.

In a fishing song often recited by Lu Xun and farmers' children, there is such a solemn and stirring sentence: "Seven liters a day, eight liters a day, and if you don't fall for two days (you don't go fishing in the river for two days), you are white with hunger; Seven liters a day, eight liters a day, and if you don't fall for two days, you will cry. " These have had a far-reaching impact on the development of Lu Xun's thought, making Lu Xun know that farmers are "oppressed all their lives and suffer a lot, which is different from flowers and birds."