Roche genealogy

The Origin and Development of Roche Genealogy

Genealogy originated very early, generally starting from Zhou Guan. In fact, Shiben is China's earliest genealogical work, and Sima Qian's Historical Records was written in this way, which is actually the origin of later genealogy. In the history of genealogy development, it has gone through three stages (see Shao's Nanjiang Paper Money, Volume VI), from official to specialized research, and finally to private genealogy. The revision of genealogy also went through three stages: Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. Especially in the Qing dynasty, it can be said to be the pinnacle. According to statistics, "since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Qing people have compiled the most music, and there are at least 20,000 kinds of clan riding species preserved so far. The repair of the Qing people accounted for an important part, and the quality was very high "(the social life of the Qing people). During the Republic of China, the wind of arrangement was still declining. "We rewelding ancient society, heavy clan. Since Ouyang and Su established the genealogy system, for thousands of years, family riding has followed the ancient law, advocated by various factions, tamed to the whole country, and has no family. These words in the Preface to Genealogy of Roche's Seven Princes and Five Sons in the thirty-seventh year of the Republic of China reflect the historical facts of "family genealogy" in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Luo's genealogy is no exception.

The earliest genealogy of Roche seems to be the Zhang Yu Roche (commonly known as "Berlin Roche") compiled during the Kaibao period in the Song Dynasty. In the preface of Origin, Ying Luo said, "My ancestors lived in yu zhang for more than 300 years", during which there was "sufficient literature". Therefore, the genealogy not only contains records of Hakka's heyday and Roche's talented people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but also poems presented by famous poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu, which can be traced back to Li, with Luo Junyong as the ancestor and Luo Qi as the "18th ancestor".

Later, Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Luo Shi Pu Zan"

Zhang Yu family, Hongzhou family.

Loyalty and filial piety are one thing, giving consideration to both benevolence and righteousness.

Wende is famous for his martial arts.

Neo-Confucianism is true Confucianism, and then continue.

Courtesy, righteousness, benevolence and kindness.

A clever son, a clever grandson, they are fragrant at once.

With this family style, the inheritance will be fine.

The form of Roche's genealogy

Ouyang Xiu and Su Xun, great writers in Song Dynasty, advocated genealogy, which was the most active and effective. They not only edited their own music, but also put forward the style and method of editing music. Ouyang Xiu's "Examples of Genealogy" is: "The method of genealogy is broken from the visible world, that is, from Gaozu down to big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big-big. In writing methods, they adopt narrative style and graphic style. Although the styles and methods are different, the purpose of "respecting the clan and collecting the clan" is the same.

After Song Renzong, the genealogy of Ouyang Xiu and Su Xun became the norm of genealogy, with far-reaching influence. In the first year of Song Shaoding, Roche's "Xiuchuan Genealogy" said: "The meaning of the ancients is not more important than clan, nor is it strict with genealogy. Genealogists push out what their ancestors have done, which is in the same strain as what their family has done. " "The first king made a ceremony, taking Mingzong as a great event. It is the difference between ancient and small that makes its factions unified and orderly. What's more, the 20-year-old wax ceremony, the wedding and funeral ceremony, and the ceremony of shooting Xiang Yan in the countryside. If the eyes are bent, cover the festival for the young and the old, let the relatives be old, and let everyone know that there are friends of loyalty and filial piety, and there is no wind of splashing water. " Therefore, the compilation of Roche genealogy is basically based on Europe and the Soviet Union. But this kind of imitation is not simple imitation, but selective and flexible, because there is a relationship between the two. Until the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Roche's revision of music score was either "Soviet-style" or "European-Soviet-style" and "combined the strengths of Europe and the Soviet Union".

The main idea of music editing

Roche's genealogy is based on the concept and purpose of "respecting the family and collecting the family", strengthening family unity and consolidating family system. Luo Zenan, a famous soldier of Xiang Army in Qing Dynasty, said in his preface to Roche's Mopu: "Clans were born by an ancestor. A person's body comes from thousands of people, and thousands of people's bodies are also a person's body. People take their ancestors as their bodies, but they should take their hearts as their hearts. Within the family, handsome people respect it, and wise people also; A virtuous woman, a dutiful son and a righteous brother, is highly respected and stands on the street, making her ancestors famous; Some people celebrate, and our door is big; Rich people defend them and can defeat their families; The poor, the weak, the orphans, the widowed, the sick and the needy help each other and give relief, which is unbearable for my ancestors; Unscrupulous people teach them to quit, lest they be humiliated first; Old people are safe, young people are kind, and relatives and friends rely on them. "

In the long-term patriarchal society, many people with ideals and achievements have paid attention to developing the concept of "respecting ancestors and gathering clans" into the idea of "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism". When the national cause is in an unprecedented crisis, they expand the family concept into national spirit and patriotic thought, act filial piety as loyalty, destroy the family, give up the "ego" as the "big ego" and devote everything to the country and the nation.

Luo's descendant, Dr. Song Xuanyi, was an anti-Yuan righteous man, and was a military and political commissar of Huarong County, the "Hunan People's Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Force" during the Anti-Japanese War. "The slaves in this country are arrogant, and the soldiers still want to make up the next generation, respecting the family and collecting the family", and comforting the people with "following Xuanyi's legacy to show the family" and "collecting the merits of anti-Japanese self-defense".

In the 30 years of the Republic of China, Xinhua compiled Roche's General Spectrum. In the preface, Luo Liantao especially hoped that "all elders in the clan should learn from their brothers" and "all families should respect the clan purpose, strengthen unity and overcome the difficulties together in order to carry forward the national spirit and consolidate the country." Luo Yuxiong, the headmaster of Wu Ying Middle School in Anhua County, Hunan Province, is a classmate of the first division, a leftist, and once served as the director of the political department of the Northern Expedition. He has his own clear view on the relationship between "Jing Zong Duns" and "Great Harmony in the World": "With the drastic changes in the current situation, China people's family values gradually fade, and the more frequent international exchanges and broader horizons, the realization of Great Harmony in the World will come true. For those who love a family, they love foreigners now. All men are brothers within the four seas. Its ideal keeps pace with the times, there is nothing wrong. It is only the peace of the world, based on the rule of the country; The rule of a country is based on family harmony. The country is the product of the family. Although the world is in Datong, the family may not be abolished. Therefore, the worship of Dun nationality is actually the starting point of world peace. You can't talk about the world, the world is one, and ignore the clan. " In view of the perseverance, enthusiasm and strongest unity of the descendants of Roche in Anhua, he hopes that "the gentlemen of the descendants of Qigong will extend this special spirit to the whole nation and society, which will be conducive to the construction and prosperity of the nation-state. How can this be * *!"

Fine tuning spectrum

Because genealogists shoulder such an important task of uniting the people and defending the country, many family members, especially those who are prestigious and enthusiastic about helping others, regard the compilation of genealogy as an important part of their lives and an unshirkable obligation, and "enjoy it in the morning and evening" (Preface to Wu Zixu, a citizen of Qi State).

According to legend, Luo (Cheng), a key figure during the reign of King Xian of Zhou more than two thousand years ago, compiled the first Roche genealogy in China history. He was the first person who revived Luo in the late Zhou Dynasty, took Luo as his surname, reunited with the Roche family, and made the Roche family increasingly intimate. It is said that this Roche genealogy compiled by him was completed in Zhou Xianwang in the 14th year. He said in the preface:

"It has been thousands of years since the Yellow Emperor, and it has been riding for more than 30 generations. The descendants of Luo immigrated, but they didn't know who they belonged to. Fortunately, they were used by the State of Qin and were given the title of city. He took advantage of his resignation to beg for the restoration of the state of Luo and moved his capital to Zhijiang in the south of Chu. Because of the dispute between the north and the south, it is endless, but it is traced back to the source and compiled for the family. After studying Luo Guo, I decided to take the country as my surname, remember the outline, know the merits of my predecessors, and follow the filial piety of future generations. " At the end, there was "the fourteenth year of King Xian of Zhou, the soldier Dong Jiri, the thirty-first grandson of the Luo State in Zhijiang, Jingzhou, taking the opportunity to make a preface".

In Song Dynasty, Ying Luo edited a volume of Genealogy of Roche in Berlin and wrote a general preface for the origin of Roche. In the Ming Dynasty, Luo Qinshun was an official, and the clan elders entrusted him to rebuild the genealogy. At this time, he was eighty years old and ill, and he could not refuse to "burn incense and make a trickle." During Jiajing period, Luo Hongxian, a scholar and famous scholar, made a genealogy in Xiuchuan, Jiangxi Province, and truthfully recorded the lineage from Lawson to Luo Zongda and its branches. In the Qing Dynasty, it was quite common for celebrities to compose music. As for some scholars in modern times, they personally presided over or participated in the revision activities. For example, Luo Shiyang, a historian of modern history and a member of Guangdong Provisional Provincial Assembly in the early years of the Republic of China, personally compiled the Luo Family Tree after returning to Li on 1926; Luo, a modern historian and teacher of * * *, Luo Jueduo, a representative of Hunan staff in Beijing who participated in the * * * Zhang Drive Movement, majored in Roche's General Spectrum in Xinhua, Hunan during the Anti-Japanese War 194 1.

In recent years, in the upsurge of folk writing new genealogy, some people of insight have tried to adapt the surname genealogy culture and legal family activities to socialism, just as religious activities adapt to socialism.

Preservation of genealogy

Genealogy is sacred and mysterious. After each branch of each room receives the spectrum, it should be properly preserved. Generally, keep it a secret from others and don't sell it. Every year, when making a big sacrifice, you should take the music score to the ancestral temple for verification. Improper storage will be punished. Those who sell without authorization will be regarded as unworthy of their descendants and expelled from the clan. In order to preserve the genealogy properly, some clans specially prepared a racial genealogy box for collecting genealogy. For example, when Xinhua Roche revised the music score in the 30 years of the Republic of China, he specially made 34 "family boxes", each of which required 2 cents 7 yuan; In the thirty-seventh year of the Republic of China, when Anhua Roche revised the genealogy, in addition to the ding fee and collection fee, it also levied another kind of "spectrum box valley", which was five times as heavy. "Each level is equipped with a refined wooden box, so as to unify and avoid losing it", and earnestly warned that the genealogy "is a family statement, and it is not easy to initiate and compile it into a volume.

Spectral order

In many ancient prose, we have read many "prefaces", or poetic prefaces, or literary prefaces, or pictorial prefaces ... but we seldom read prefaces. This is because genealogy is not published in the world, which is caused by general secrecy.

However, it belongs to a kind of prose after all. From several prefaces of Luo Genealogy, we can comprehensively judge its artistic characteristics. This is a simple documentary prose style.

Genealogy itself is a documentary style, and its content requires truth (although there are inevitably some omissions), so it must not be exaggerated and artificial. The origin, migration, life and reproduction of the family, including the characters, years, place names and historical events, all have a certain documentary nature. Therefore, it is decided that the description and demonstration of genealogy sequence must be consistent with the content of genealogy, and the characters also present an unpretentious form. For example, Guo Songtao's Genealogy has made textual research on the rise and fall of Guluo and the origin of Luoshi in Hanwan, Xiangxiang. "Falling rocks in Hunan are all from the original auspicious water, looking from home" tells the migration of falling rocks in Hunan.

Genealogy records the long space-time category of a family's origin, migration, life and reproduction, and is full of desolate and vigorous sense of history. Therefore, the author of genealogy must stand on the commanding heights of history, overlook the family life history with broad mind, broad vision and profound knowledge, and briefly outline this life history with extremely powerful words, reflecting a kind of generous charm.

In addition, the purpose of compiling genealogy is to clarify the origin of this family, strengthen the family's sense of identity, maintain the family's stability and unity, and then benefit the society. The Preface to Genealogy often concisely praises and expounds these orthodox thoughts belonging to Confucianism. In modern times, it made progress with the development of the times. For example, the last paragraph of Luo Yuxiong's article "Genealogy of Five Children in Qi Citizen Country" expounds the relationship between "home", "country" and "the world", which can be described as unique: "Therefore, respecting the family and collecting the family is actually the starting point of peace in the world."

The authors of the preface are mostly celebrities at that time, or officials or literature. Their own authority added luster to this family, such as Jie Jin in Ming Dynasty and Guo Songtao in Qing Dynasty. There is also a class of authors who are both officials and descendants of their families, such as Ying Luo, Luo Qinshun, Luo Hongxian, Luo Dian, Luo Zenan and Luo Yuxiong.